三等獎

This project proposes that smartphones are capable of steering a quadcopter, doubling as a flight controller unit. This means that sensor results from the smartphone’s IMU (inertial measurement unit) are compared with steering commands from the pilot received over Wi-Fi or a RC-transmitter. The idea behind this project was to build a cheap flight control for a quadcopter. Smartphones seemed to be the perfect device because of their dominance in the market. The first step was constructing the quadcopter’s frame. I first designed the frame on AutoCAD and then built a prototype out of aluminium. My search for a possibility to connect the engines or low level peripherals to a smartphone led to the «IOIO-Board». After collecting sufficient information about sensor fusion and control theory I started working on my own controller. Due to the frame’s large size the quadcopter is very stable and best suited for aerial photography. Engine control by smartphone using an «IOIO-Board» is fast enough for flight. A smartphone possesses everything needed to control a quadcopter. The disadvantage of using a smartphone is that the processor has to calculate multiple applications simultaneously. This makes it more difficult to guarantee the correct timing of operations. Nevertheless, external influences such as phone calls do not influence the flight behavior of the quadcopter. As work in progress I have experimented with the implementation of GPS and an onboard camera.

同類相食行為廣泛發生於動物界，兩種可能原因：個體的特殊營養需求和族群的汰弱留強策略。觀察雜食性的高音符絲鱉甲蝸牛(Macrochlamys hippocastaneum)，初步發現同類相食行為與蝸殼破裂與否有關，殼完整的個體間不會發生相食行為(100%)，且當破殼程度愈大愈易發生。食性實驗中攝取過植物性養分的個體傾向選擇同類相食(χ2=22.04,***P<0.001)，同時提供同、異類蝸牛內臟時則未顯著選擇同類(χ2=3.76, P=0.053)，因此未能充分支持特殊營養需求。然而，此種蝸牛會追蹤破殼同類分泌之特殊黏液且具顯著趨向性(χ2=13.06, ***P<0.001)，與距離呈負相關(χ2=6.53, *P<0.05)。觀察腹足顯微構造中，發現內有特殊的疏鬆組織與大量分泌細胞，且通往尾端分泌特殊黏液的開口部位。結果證實破殼受傷個體產生的特殊黏液會主動引起同類相食，支持汰弱留強的族群策略，且物質誘發同類相食模式為動物行為研究中首次發現。

本研究源自三角形的重心及其外接圓所構作的線段比值的古老幾何性質，我們不但推廣原命題，還創造新命題：給定△ABC與其外接錐線Γ，令直線AG, BG, CG分別交Γ 於 A', B', C' 點，再取任意k值，探討P點集合的性質。 Γ3, k={P|AA'/PA' + BB'/PB' +CC'/PC'=k} (1)Γ3,k為二次曲線系，其橢圓、拋物線、雙曲線之形態不因k值而改變，而是被外接錐線Γ所決定。 (2)發現△ABC重心 G、Γ中心O、Γ3,k 中心O3,k 的共線性及比例常數。 (3)完整劃分 Γ3,k的非退化與退化型態，並發現只有Γ3,k 為橢圓時，k 值有跳躍現象。 (4) 發現錐線Γ上取相異六點而生成兩個錐線Γ3,k、Π3,k重合的充分條件。 最後，我們以「錐線 Γ 上取一點、兩點到多點」的線性組合手法，推廣多邊形與其外接錐線的生成錐線Γn,k之性質。

EmerApp+ is software designed for intelligent devices as a personal security database manager. In case of emergencies, it is an application which integrates location, tracking, and communication tools. It is triangulated between a database to a communication server as well as a second which is NASA server that offers climate and seismic information for Mexico. This application has two sources of communication, SMS messages and a newly created social network. In case of natural disasters, an extension for drones has been developed for this application, enabling rescue teams to delimit the land boundary where the disaster struck. In order to speed up the search and rescue operations a triangulation of network-drone- smartphone is completed.

本次實驗探討網面結構不同所造成的振盪模態差異、振動頻率對網面結構振盪的模態差異。 本研究發現，蜘蛛網面的中央絲結構會直接影響到整個網面結構的振盪方式，以及能量散布的情形，希望藉由模態分析進行二維網面的討論。 當初想了解蜘蛛網結構對於分散衝擊力道的影響，為了簡化實驗變因而使用釣魚線進行模擬，所以設計出二維網面結構來模擬蜘蛛網面，並且改良過去的測量方式及振盪方法，加以探討二維網面結構，希望可以利用在生活中的相似抗震結構上。 實驗將觀察整片圓網結構在振盪下的模態能量散步以及傳遞方向趨勢，繪製出等振盪強度圖協助了解振動的分布，實驗結果指出蜘蛛網面的中央絲結構可以減緩振盪，這也是本次研究之後需要更進一步探討中央絲結構以及對能量傳遞的影響。

Moss from a roof top was used to treat ear infections in my grandfather’s village. This remedy sparked my curiosity and so I began researching. I was bewildered to discover that the resistance to antibiotics has been labelled as a “Catastrophic Threat” and has been ranked in the same category as terrorism and climate change. Governments globally are urging scientists to identify and produce new antibiotics and reassess novel approaches1. This project aims to evaluate two objectives through the use of several integrated technologies and modified methods: (a) To determine if the extracts, solutions and raw materials derived from Heart wood portion of Picea glauca, Populus tremuloides, Salix spp, Betula papyrifera, Pinus contorta, Quercus alba, Thuja occidentalis, Climacium dendroides, Dicranum fuscescens and Kieselgur, will inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Escherichia coli. (b) To scientifically reassess my grandfather’s traditional method of treating ear infections using roof moss. The Heartwood portion of each tree was removed using a hammer and mallet. The Heartwood was then burnt to derive the ash and a miter saw was used to make sawdust. The moss was collected, dried and labelled. A Methanol Extraction was performed on all saw dust samples and moss using a Soxhlet Extractor for 24 hours. The ash solutions were diluted, filtered, and neutralized to pH 7. The solvents were evaporated in a Rotary evaporator and the residual material was stored in round bottom flasks. The Kirby Bauer method was modified and a Well Infusion method was devised for the biological assay. The Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Escherichia coli were plated using a 0.5 McFarland Standard. Paper filter discs containing 20uL of each extract solution and raw material were precisely placed onto the inoculated plates and incubated for 24 hours. The preliminary results were initially unfavourable, as data could only be collected and analysed for one species; Thuja occidentalis (White Cedar). However, these results were extremely encouraging when the zones of inhibition were measured and analyzed. Confidence Intervals were calculated at 95% and the T-Tests were calculated at a 0.05 alpha level, which indicated significance when compared to the control. The Chi Square values were greater than the critical value of 7.8 and therefore the thorough statistical analysis indicates that the results were not due to chance alone. Literature has indicated that certain components of trees do indeed have antibacterial properties, however there is very limited research specific to the Heartwood portion. Furthermore, I discovered that the Heartwood portion of the White Cedar tree does have certain antibacterial properties that definitely justify further testing. In addition, a combination of examining my grandfather’s possessions and analyzing present data, I can confidently support my grandfather’s traditional method. In conclusion, the use of the Heartwood portion of the White Cedar to combat bacterial infection warrants further exploration. Remedies Recovered from Roof Top Resources may be the solution to this catastrophic threat.

對於排列組合數學中避免特定序列的方法，是一個已經提出很久的問題，而對於長度為n，避免同一物連續出現兩次的方法，俄國學者Tanya Khovanova [1]提出一遞迴式。既然知道避免同一物連續出現兩次的方法數，那避免同一物連續出現m次的方法為何呢? 在去年的臺灣國際科展「從Avoid數列到類巴斯卡三角形」我令其方法數為A，計算其遞迴關係，並寫成以B為係數的多項式，計算B的遞迴關係。 為了計算B的一般式，今年我的研究過程： 1. 今年不同於去年的臺灣國際科展，重新以較直接且簡單的排列組合證明避免同一物連續出現m次數的方法數A之遞迴式 2. 同1.，重新以排列組合證明B的遞迴式，並找出選取個數小於m時之一般式 3. 以生成函數計算B及A，並計算B的一般式 4. 發現B的大小隨著選取個數接近常態分佈

Climate is the average weather in a place over a long period. The changes in climate may be due to natural forces or from human activities. There is growing concern among the scientific community regarding climate change. Biodiversity, forest, monsoons, weather are now at risk due to climate change. Today climate change is happening at an increasing rapid rate. One of the causes is deforestation. Firewood collection in one of the major means the felling of trees. Excessive emission of CO2 by burning, which is a green house gas, responsible for increasing the temperature and causing drastic climate change. Hence, to know the impact of firewood collection in drastic climate change we have undertaken a project entitled, “Impact of firewood collection on weather and climate of Jirdin village.”

An increase in blood cholesterol contributes to cardiovascular diseases, the number one cause of death worldwide. Statins are currently the most effective in reducing cholesterol levels and treating patients with high cholesterol. However, these pharmaceutical agents have been shown to cause several side effects, prompting the need for a more natural solution to increasing cholesterol levels. Hence, a study was conducted to investigate the ability of lactic acid bacteria in the removal of cholesterol, explore the mechanism for the removal of cholesterol by lactic acid bacteria, and examine the effectiveness of kidney beans and sunflower seeds in inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase in the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway. Results showed that Lactobacillus plantarum was the most effective in reducing cholesterol levels and that the mechanism for cholesterol removal included both the binding to cell wall and active uptake into cells. Sunflower seeds and kidney beans were also shown to be effective in inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, with sunflower seeds having 100% inhibition of the enzyme, similar to pravastatin, a commercial cholesterol reducing drug, and kidney beans having comparable percentage inhibition of the enzyme compared to pravastatin.

乳癌為最常見的婦女癌症，轉移後之乳癌具有極差的預後與較低存活率，直至目前尚未具有效抑制乳癌轉移的藥物，因此研發一個有效抗轉移的藥物是極為迫切的。許多研究指出促發炎因子如GDNF、STAT3、JAK和腫瘤的轉移有密切關聯，因此本研究使用一個含有多味具抗發炎效果的中藥複方CR-1，探討其是否能應用於抗乳癌轉移。在動物實驗結果我們看到CR-1能夠有效的抑制腫瘤的生長，為了進一步研究將此複方之成分，依循中藥水煎與酒煎的概念處理分為:水層 (CR-1-WF) 與酒精層 (CR-1-EF)。經由Cytokine array指出CR-1-WF處理過後的乳癌細胞，GDNF、CCL5、IL8等與轉移高度相關的促發炎因子表現量有明顯下降。在癒傷實驗和transwell migration assay我們發現CR-1-WF能夠顯著抑制乳癌細胞的移動。這些實驗結果皆顯示未來CR-1有可能成為一個抗乳癌轉移的藥物。