全國中小學科展

四等獎

中樞神經節對美洲蟑螂步足反射的影響

本研究透過測量美洲蟑螂(Periplaneta americana)後足反射之程度與耗時等參數,探討中樞神經系統中各神經節在後足反射所扮演的角色。我們發現腦神經節對於反射作用有抑制與整合的效應,前胸神經節會增強反射,而後足的反射中樞位於中胸神經節與後胸神經節,腹部神經節則會抑制反射。本研究以電池座、釘書針與網路攝影機等簡單器材觀察、量化昆蟲足部反射運動,可推廣成國中生物中「反射」相關課程之行為觀察的探討活動。此外本研究也透過步足肌肉的肌肉電位圖(electromyography, EMG)記錄,證實了腦神經節在步足反射過程中具有調控功能。本研究的成果可應用在仿生醫療上,有助於術後復健或輔具製造的相關研究。

ELECTRONIC STUDENT-TEACHER POLL ATTANDANCE SYSTEM

Our goal is to make roll call systems at schools technological. While Rolling Call system is getting technological capacities some useful outcomes occur as well like; To remove the cost for class books by abolishing the class books used for roll call To eliminate mistakes with the usage of class book .(The numbers written incorrectly) To save again a large amount of waste paper( The short messages will be send to the parents instead of mailing the letters to the their adresses once a week about their students' absance.) To improve communication among school and parents ,by this way to prevent various kinds of problems arising from absenteeism. To make teachers school boards more efficently and motivated besides their affairs will get easier as well. To save time of school managers(They have no Works like saving the absenteeisms into e-school network because everything including all the absenteeism info will be carried into the system automatically) To save time of each lesson the teachers will not loose time for the roll call ,so they will be able to devote their time to their students and training. -Technological polling mechanism will contribute to education, this contribution will make all the students and teachers happy because all the teachers carry concern whether their curriculum will be finished or not through this system recording all the rests of teachers because of illnesses and some national celebrations.

HDAC抑制劑及Ribavirin誘發K562細胞分化的研究

K562細胞是一種人類慢性骨髓性白血病細胞株,普遍用於研究幹細胞分化的先驅細胞,可以藉不同誘導劑分化成紅血球或巨核細胞。此研究聚焦於兩種臨床藥物:抗病毒藥物Ribavirin和組蛋白去乙醯化抑制劑SAHA,探討其誘導K562細胞紅血球分化機制。其中針對一個在許多分化機制扮演重要角色的染色質修飾蛋白TIFβ來研究,它可以召集其他轉錄因子在基因上形成抑制複合體。我們藉由定點突變探討TIFβ上的bromo或RBCC domain的乙醯化狀態對於TIFβ與抑制複合體的轉錄因子交互作用的影響。研究結果發現乙醯化RBCC domain大幅影響了TIFβ與轉錄因子的親和力,並且降低TIFβ三聚體的形成,可能導致抑制複合體無法形成進一步開啟了分化的通道。

Research the efficiency of the fog-catching nets

Islands far from lands use the underground or surface water as the water for living. The population of the islands is growing fast and the amount of water usage is increasing year after year. However, the amount of water usage is limited, so that people who live in islands have trouble using water. To compensate this problem, underground water is drawn from deeper underground sites. If this matter occurs continuously, sea-level may rise and then we cannot use underground water. Seawater desalination is a way to solve the water shortage, but it requires a lot of energy. It is difficult for island far away from lands to supply a lot of energy. It is considered the eco-friendly way to minimize the use of energy on the island. In order to solve the problem of water shortage on the island, it is considered fog that on the island occur frequently. It is an attempt to create water from fog, but it is a lack of research of efficiency of fog-catching nets to create water from fog. In this research, I have studied the efficiency of the fog-catching nets, a way to increase the efficiency, the amount of water that is created on the island, usage of discarded fishing net for fog-catching nets. Through this research, I found a kind of fog which can be changed into water and the difference in efficiency due to the difference in the size of the mesh size of the fog-catching nets, wind direction, wind speed, water absorption capacity of thread of fog-catching nets, installation direction of fog-catching nets, a way of installation of fog-catching nets. Also I found fog-catching nets of discarded fishing nets on the island and the possibility of usage for everyday life that the amount of water are created for a day or a month during dry season on the island.

Prototype Educational resources for teaching basic pneumatic

The didactic prototype for the teaching of the pneumatic Basic is designed, so teachers can instruct knowledgement of pneumatics focused to identification, handling and application of its elements based on constructivist theory in which the student learns making, working on projects and in a collaborative way. This implies that his presentation should include the basic elements to be used in this study area, as well as allowing that the student can interact with it, still easy to use, and take them by the teacher into his area of education, which can be a classroom, room, Auditorium, workshop, lab, and even training courses to the industry, the only thing that requires is compressed air (2 to 4 bars). As well as, to create a secure environment for the user when this is manipulating. Its construction based on a compact, lightweight and ergonomic, structure to ensure that it can be transported without difficulty. Also that must comply with the minimum essential to enable the student to acquire competencies in the curriculum which consider the identification, handling and application of pneumatic elements; IE has the following 2 directional valves 3/2 NC, 1 directional valve 3/2 NC-operated with a knob, 2 valves 3/2 pneumatic drive, a 5/2 valve NC NC of stable pneumatic drive, 1 valve of simultaneity or function, and 1 valve selector or function, or double effect with pressure regulator piston1 piston of double effect, 1 piston for simple effect, 1 valve 3/2 NC with motorized drive and roller.

棋子移動最小值問題探討

此份報告主要是探討一個最優化問題,即是給定特定的移動方式,求出至少要多少操作,才能夠把棋子從某一種分布狀態調整成另外一種。而經過許多例子的嘗試,發現因為原本的問題不帶有數學的式子於其中,故沒辦法用上任何已知的工具進行解題,所以引入座標系以及排列矩陣,讓其含有許多數學式,能夠幫助問題具體化。接著給出好的上界以及得知最大值達成時滿足的條件後,便是開始進行一連串的構造,而這我採取「先猜後調」的策略,簡言之,就是先放置一種看似不錯的分布狀態,再利用討論出來的一些工具,對此狀態進行調整,同時用簡單之圖論方法觀察內部的數學結構,以獲得最優的構造之一。

妊娠禁忌中藥對斑馬魚胚胎發育之影響

本研究探討斑馬魚胚胎發育的不同時期,妊娠中藥對胚胎及仔魚的影響。在受精後第0小時(初期)、12小時(中期)或24小時(晚期)加入不高於人類用量的保產無憂方、當歸芍藥散與芎歸膠艾湯。每12小時觀察胚胎發育的情形;待仔魚孵化,比較其差異。結果顯示:(1)初期給予當歸芍藥散、芎歸膠艾湯不會造成胚胎死亡,但保產無憂方隨濃度增加而死亡率增加。(2)晚期給予保產無憂方,胚胎發育略有延遲,但全數存活,且劑量越高效果與控制組越相近。(3)三味藥均使發育延遲,尤以初期加入高劑量最為明顯。(4)中期或晚期給予安胎方皆造成仔魚體型縮短。(5)低劑量當歸芍藥散和芎歸膠艾湯使孵化後第四天仔魚運動總距離增加。我們建議,當歸芍藥散和芎歸膠艾湯在初期可用,但保產無憂方為胚胎發育後期之安胎順產藥劑,不適於早期之使用。

Special Concealed behavior in the colony of tropical tramp

本實驗主要針對邵氏姬針蟻(H. sauteri)的進擊行為以及特殊的畜牧行為(concealed behavior)進行探討。在實驗的過程中發現邵氏姬針蟻(H. sauteri)在遇上不同種的螞蟻時,會出現不同的進擊模式:分巢式進擊、漸進式進擊、一般式進擊。邵氏姬針蟻(H. sauteri)在攻擊其他螞蟻種類後,會將職蟻屍體做為食物,儲存在蟻巢中,一般肉食螞蟻不會發生類似情形。 有別於一般蟻種俘虜行為中的蓄奴行為(slave-making behavior),邵氏姬針蟻出現的畜牧行為較接近多數胡蜂科(Vespidae)、鈎土蜂科(Tiphiidae)、泥蜂科(Sphecidae)寄生蜂(parasitoids)所具有的寄生行為(parasitical behavior)。實驗中更發現邵氏姬針蟻(H. sauteri)在搶奪蓬萊點琉璃蟻(B. wroughtoni)幼蟲時,會以螫針螫刺幼蟲,注入毒液,造成被俘虜的蓬萊點琉璃蟻幼蟲的背血管(heart)收縮頻率下降及限制幼蟲行動等狀況。在畜牧行為發生後,邵氏姬針蟻不會將幼蟲照顧至羽化,反倒將幼蟲作為食物進食。另外,邵氏姬針蟻還可依據幼蟲表面碳氫化合物的不同來辨別不同狀況下的幼蟲。 本研究首次記錄邵氏姬針蟻(H. sauteri)進食職蟻屍體、儲存食物行為,更首次於螞蟻中記錄到邵氏姬針蟻類似寄生蜂寄生的特殊畜牧行為。

搶救台灣國寶石--螺溪石的辨識及其特性之研究

螺溪石產於濁水溪流域,是台灣唯一適合製硯的國寶石。本文試著爬梳文獻典籍,透過製硯大師的專訪,到龍神橋、雙龍橋下進行田野調查,並對螺溪石與溪中的頁岩、砂岩、石英岩、礫岩等性質,予以比較研究,總結出辨識螺溪石的七種方法。此外,本研究也發現,螺溪石的岩性近似頁岩,含有少量的綠簾石,屬於輕度的變質岩。經由SEM的觀測與EDS的分析,發現螺溪石的礦物組成與排列成片狀,片狀結構中凸起的部分,主要成分為石英;片狀尾端的結晶形態則為磷灰石,片狀結構與結晶體的尖尖凸起部分,就是螺溪石所具有的針鋩。由於針鋩的分布均勻、縝密,所以容易下墨與發墨。磨出的墨液易被宣紙吸附,色澤黝黑、油亮。實驗顯示,螺溪石的墨液在室溫約-6.8℃左右才會結冰,符應文獻中對優質硯石「歷寒不冰」的讚美。唯有善用台灣國寶石,才能振興台灣的硯石文化。

Fabrication and Characterization of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Using Bixa orellana Seeds and Basella alba Leaves

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have cheaper and easier means of fabrication compared to the currently used solar cells, which are mostly silicon-based, so DSSCs are developed for a prospect of solar energy accounting for a higher percentage in the world’s total energy production, which is currently 0.1%. However, compared to their inorganic counterparts, their efficiencies are low, and the search for a dye that will maximize the potential of DSSCs is still ongoing. The aim of this study is to be able to evaluate the absorption range in the solar spectrum of dyes extracted from Basella alba leaves and Bixin orellana seeds, and of dyes resulting from the mixture of both extracts, using UV-Vis Spectrophotometer, with the objective of increasing the absorption; to be able to fabricate functional DSSCs from the individual and mixed dyes; and to be able to evaluate the different conversion efficiencies of the DSSCs of the individual and mixed dyes using Linear Sweep Voltammetry, with the aim of increasing the conversion efficiency due to a wider absorption range. B. alba leaves and B. orellana seeds were extracted using soxhlet extraction. The clean extracts were mixed in different proportions, and were characterized using UV-Vis Spectrophotometer. The two individual dyes together with two proportions of the mixed B. alba:B. orellana dyes, 1:1 and 2:1, were then incorporated into DSSCs. In the fabrication of DSSCs, twelve plates of Fluorine doped tin oxide were coated with titanium dioxide (TiO2) using spray pyrolysis. They were sintered and scraped, and were afterwards immersed in the four dyes for four days. Platinum plates were placed on top, and iodine-triiodide couple electrolyte was introduced via capillary action. The sealed DSSCs were subjected to Linear Sweep Voltammetry under dark and illuminated conditions, using a sun simulator. Results from the UV-Vis spectrophotometry showed that mixing the dyes had increased the absorption range of the individual dyes, although not superpositionally, and that the 2:1 mixed dye has the most potential. Being incorporated into DSSCs, the dyes, including the mixed ones, have successfully converted solar energy into electrical energy, as shown by the significance in conversion efficiencies under dark and illuminated conditions. However, despite the increase in the absorption range, neither of the mixed dyes have shown a higher conversion efficiency than the individual ones, which can be accounted for a possible weaker interaction between the two dyes and the TiO2, resulting to lower efficiencies. The study has been able to obtain and characterize dyes from B. orellana seeds and B. alba leaves and has been able to incorporate the dyes into DSSCs. With the wider absorption range of the mixed dyes, the study has been able to confirm the possibility of the dyes to maximize the potential of DSSCs, as shown by the successful conversion of solar energy into electrical energy of all fabricated DSSCs, including those of mixed dyes. If the possible problem with the dye-dye as well as the dye-TiO2 interactions could be solved, the possibility of much higher conversion efficiencies could be expected.