未得獎作品

本研究首先利用NaOH 將PAN 薄膜改質形成PAA 水膠膜表面，進一步與異丙胺鍵結形成NIPAAm 結構，以做為藥物傳輸的載體。反應所得之PNIPAAm 薄膜其溫度轉換點為34 °C 其pH 敏感性介於pH 5 至10 之間，實驗進行進一步於34 °C將PNIPAAm 薄膜浸入共軛亞麻油酸(CLA)中，取出後置入4 oC 二次水中，最後測試經改質接枝後PAN 薄膜於膽固醇、三酸甘油酯的吸收效果，並以化學冷光儀分析改質接枝後PAN 薄膜其抗氧化效率。結果顯示改質接枝之PNIPAAm 薄膜於包埋CLA 其對於血液中膽固醇及三酸甘油酯有明顯的吸收效率，此外對血液中的自由基也有明顯較未改質之PAN 薄膜穩定的趨勢。A thin layer of poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (pNIPAAm) was synthesized in situ on the surface of hydrolyzed polyacrylonitrile (PAN) membrane. This thin layer exhibited both pH response due to the poly(acrylic acid) moiety and temperature response due to the pNIPAAm moiety. The swelling behavior of the membranes was evaluated under various temperatures and pH. The curve of the swelling ratio for the PAN-NIPAAm showed a lower critical solution temperature (LCST). Then conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) was loaded into the pNIPAAm layer. The effects of CLA on the blood coagulation and oxidative stress were evaluated using human blood. The level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured by chemiluminescence (CL) method to evaluate the oxidative stress. Furthermore, the removal of bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) by CLA-loaded PAN-NIPAAm was measured with ELISA. The results show that the LCST swelling curve was at 37°C. In addition, the swelling ratio increased by 71% when the pH increased from 5 to 10. The concentration of LPS can be reduced by CLA-loaded PAN-NIPAAm 2.1 and 1.2 5 times of that by unmodified PAN and PAN-NIPAAm membranes, respectively. In addition, the level of ROS against CLA-loaded PAN-NIPAAm was reduced significantly than that against unmodified PAN and PAN-NIPAAm. Therefore CLA-loaded PAN-NIPAAm membrane could offer protection for patients against oxidative stress and could also inhibit LPS for clinical applications

A total of 64 nonduplicate isolates of erythromycin-resistant (MIC, >1 μg/ml) Streptococcus pyogenes collected from 1979 to 2003 in Taiwan were evaluated. They were collected from three cohort period: 1979 –1989, 1990-1999 and after 2000. The in vitro activities of 10 antimicrobial agents were determined by the agar dilution method. Penicillin, cephalothin, cefotaxime, vancomycin, and ofloxacin were shown to be active against S. pyogenes isolates (100% sensitive). Erythromycin and azithromycin both had poor activities (MIC50s, 16 and >128 μg/ml, respectively; MIC90s, >512 and >128 μg/ml, respectively). The activities of tetracycline, clindamycin, and chloramphenicol against a significant number of these isolates were also limited. Among the 64 S. pyogenes isolates, 58% had constitutive resistance [cMLS], 40% had an M phenotype and 2% had an iMLS phenotype (inducible resistance [iMLS]). A substantial upsurge in the incidence of M phenotype erythromycin-resistant isolates was found with time for S. pyogenes (10% in 1979–1989, 48% in 1990–1999 and 65% after 2000). The erythromycin resistance genes in 64 isolates of the different cohorts were investigated by PCR. All cMLS phenotype isolates tested had ermB gene. The M phenotype isolates had only the macrolide efflux (mefA) gene. This study shows the secular changes of increasing susceptibility of S. pyogenes isolates to both erythromycin and clindamycin in Taiwan. The mechanisms of erythromycin resistance have changed from the predominance of ermB gene (cMLS) to mefA gene (M phenotype). 本研究是探討台灣自1970 年代末期以來不同世代A群鏈球菌菌株對紅黴素的抗藥性及抗藥基因特徵的演變。研究者收集台灣二十年前(1980 年代前後，第一世代)、十年前(1990 年代，第二世代)、)及最近(2000 年以後，第三世代)之A 群鏈球菌菌株共64 株，利用抗生素圖譜和雙藥錠擴散測試及聚合?連鎖反應(PCR)、和脈衝式膠體電泳研究A 群鏈球菌對紅黴素抗藥性的表現型及基因型特徵。結果發現第一世代的A 群鏈球菌對紅黴素最小抑菌濃度(MIC)值相當高，幾乎都是>512 μg/ml，90%為多重抗藥菌株。第二世代則相對有降低，在第三世代此現象更明顯，多重抗藥菌株為30%。在雙藥錠擴散測試結果，從第一世代來看cMLS 佔大多數(90%)，M 型佔10%；第二世代cMLS 及M 型相當分別佔52%及48%；第三世代主要為M 型佔65%，cMLS 佔30%，iMLS 佔5%。利用PCR研究紅黴素抗藥性基因發現所有cMLS 菌株皆有ermB 基因，所有M 型菌株皆有mefA 基因，iMLS 菌株則有ermTR 基因。由本研究顯示在台灣A 群鏈球菌對紅黴素之抗藥性隨著不同世代有逐年改善之趨勢，由MIC50的降低可看出，菌株對紅黴素的敏感性提高，可為臨床治療之參考。

本研究主題主要是解決化學上複雜同分異構物的繪製以及其命名，因為物質在結構複雜時其同分異構物變化之多令人難以捉摸，於是我應用電腦強大的邏輯處理以及運算判斷的能力來讓電腦繪製。以下是我想達成的目的：(1)排列出分子式的同分異構物(2)顯示出同分異構物之示性式、結構式(3)預知尚未創造出物質的性質研究中我創造出以下原則讓我方便達成研究(1) 數位密碼：為了讓電腦方便執行我使用數碼的方式表達各種同分異構物(2) 五大原則：此原則能讓不僅是電腦甚至是各個要繪製同分異構物的人都能有架構的繪製，不會遺漏任何的組成。(3) ３Ｄ顯示：透過Ｘ３Ｄ軟體的協助我能讓使用者透過立體的方式了解到物質的結構。The purpose of this research is to solve the problem of Isomer’s structure drawing and named problem. It’s hard to predict the status of complex Isomers, so we use the powerful logic and calculational ability of computer to draw the structure of Isomers. The following points is the goal that we want to reach (1) Arrange the structure of the Isomer’s formula (2) Show structural formula of Isomers (3) Predict the chemistry of things that haven’t been created During our research, we create the following principle to help us do the research (1) Digital Codes: In order to let the computer to run the process, we use digital codes to express all the Isomer’s formula. (2) The “5 Rules”: The 5 rules can help not only computers but all the people who try to draw the structure of Isomers without losing any of compositions. (3) 3D Display: Helping our user to understand the structures of materials with the 3D images producing by the “X3D”.

本研究透過對蕃茄施予短時間的不同高鹽份濃度刺激，觀察植株成長 情形並對果實進行品質測定，本研究對於品質之定義著重於總抗氧化能力、糖度及硬度的檢測。由實驗結果得知Na+、Cl-離子所造成的滲透壓差，確實有助於可溶性固形物及Na+、Cl-離子的累積，對於果實糖度及硬度上皆有顯著變化。但對於如何造成總抗氧化能力值的提升，在未來的研究中會再深入探討。We observe the germination of the tomatoes and assay "the quality" of the fruits in our research by giving plants short-range acridness of different high salinity. In this research, the definition of “quality” emphasizes the anti-oxidized ability, the brix, and the hardness. By the experimental result knew Na+ and Cl- ion creates the osmotic pressure, truly is helpful to the Soluble Solid Content and the Na+ and Cl- ion accumulation. Yet regarding by what the anti-oxidized ability promotes, we will treat in-depth in our intended research.

茶品的發酵程度對其香氣與口感有決定性的影響，然而業界卻缺乏相關的客觀指標與其有效的量測方法。茶品發酵的主要化學過程是其兒茶素的氧化與聚合，這些茶單寧將隨著發酵過程逐漸由還原態轉變成氧化態。所以，不同發酵程度的茶，其氧化態單寧與還原態單寧的比將有所不同。這個比值預料可由氧化還原電位間接地量測得知。本研究使用白金絲與銀/氯化銀參考電極為電極對來量測此氧化還原電位。量具則使用具高輸入阻抗(大於十億歐姆)的pH 電極用電位計以取得茶汁中微弱的氧化還原電位訊號，可於十秒內取得高再現性(相對標準差小於3%)的電位訊號所得到的電位訊號與發酵程度呈高度的線性相關(相關係數大於0.9)。Degree of fermentation is pivotal for the aroma and the aftertaste of tea, but an objective scale and efficient evaluating methods are demanded for the important quality factor. Oxidation along with the polymerization of catechins is known to be the major chemical process during tea fermentation; the tea tannins will gradually change from their reduced forms to their oxidized formats. As the consequence, the ratio of oxidized tannins to reduced tannins will differ with the extent of fermentation. The ratio can be measured simply by the redox potential. In the present study, we used a platinum wire and an Ag/AgCl reference electrode as the electrode pair to measure the redox potential. A pH meter with high input impedance (over Giga ohm) served as our voltmeter for the weak voltage signals retrieved from tea infusions. The measurement was quick (less than 10 second) and with good reproducibility (CV0.9).

在本次的實驗中，我們藉由拉午耳定律的公式及一條由作者從實驗中推論而得的公式，可以簡單的求出不同溶液的分壓。我們只需要一個自製式的簡易裝置，在裝置底下放置被測量的溶液，並密封使其成為封閉系統，其頂端為一銅箔，在銅箔上使用適合的溶液，藉由上方溶液蒸發量與下方不要放置溶液蒸發量的差異之值比較，即可求出其下方兩種成份系的溶液中各種溶液在不同莫耳分率下的分壓以及能量的傳遞，雖然會有誤差的存在，但比照一般利用光譜法來測量的方式，成本卻降低很多，且經由公式，也可估計各點的活性係數，比之以往簡易很多，因此可當作針對的高中生示範教學及教具，使同學更能了解兩成分係非理想溶液在拉午耳定律中之差別。This study shows that is easy to figure out the partial pressure of the different solutions by applying the formula of the Raoult's laws and a formula computed by the authors from their experiment data. All that is needed is a simple hand-made device. In the experiment, the device was sealed into a closed system after the solution to be measure was placed at the bottom of the device. A proper liquid was put in the top piece of the device, which was made of copper foil. By computing the difference between the amounts of evaporation of the top liquid with and without the bottom solution, we figured out that the two-component solution is the partial pressure and energy transmission of the solutions at varied mole fractions. Though errors do exist, cost was much lower by this method than by the spectrum method. Besides, the formula makes it easier to estimate the activity coefficients at different points. Therefore, the study can be applied in physics teaching in senior high school to facilitate students' understanding of the differences between two-component solutions in the Raoult's laws.

在台灣公共場合快速成長下，例如：大賣場、百貨公司、展覽會場，這些公共大型場合都有很好的消防設施，但始終有人葬身於火場？ 原因就是幾乎所有的人都不會去特別注意逃生平面圖，導致花太多的時間尋找出口，這樣生存機率就大大降低。火場裡面有太多的致命因素，像是：高溫的空氣，毒氣、濃煙…等，所以必須把握每一分每一秒。為了加快逃生速度，我們將所有的通道都設有導引警示器，逃生者只要順著導引警示器就可以安全到達出口。為了因應公共場合有龐大的人群，所以逃生路線不能只有一條，因此我們設計上是有多條路線，一、可以解決龐大人群，二、可以加快速度。;With the rapid growth of public places in Taiwan, evacuation system is of more and more importance. Actually, public places, such as hyper malls, department stores and exhibitions, are not without fire-fighting equipment, but why is that there are still people getting killed in a fire? The reason is that almost no one actually pays attention to the evacuation plans. As a result, it often takes too much time to find the exits, which lowers the possibility of survival. In a fire, there are usually too many fatal factors, which could lead to death, such as high temperature and heavy smoke; therefore time is precious when escaping from a fire. To fasten the speed of evacuation, we set guiding alarms in every passageway. By following the guiding alarms, people can get to the exits safely. Besides, owing to the huge amount of population in public places, there can’t be only one route out. With regard to this, we design many routes in order to enable and fasten the speed of evacuation of huge amount of population.

任意一個三角形要如何分割成四個彼此相似的組成三角形呢？我們透過嚴謹的數學推理，先對三角形作二、三分割的可能情形進行驗證，並藉由已完成相似二、三分割的三角形，運用「內分」和「外加」的觀念，使相似四分割的討論變得明快，並得以將各式三角形的所有相似四分割的圖示作完整而有系統的呈現。 \r 我們也對「比例四分割」的作圖法與其相關幾何性質，進行猜想與討論，並驗證得出一些結果。尤其對「黃金三角形」經比例四分割後，組成三角形之對應邊長的比值也是「黃金值」，以及使用五條摺痕線的摺紙方式，可以摺出一張黃金三角形紙張的比例四分割，這些研究結果都令我們感到獲益良多。 How to divide a triangle into four similar little triangles？ Possible situations of dividing a triangle into two or three parts could be testified by strict mathematical inferences, and then the concepts of “internal division” and “external addition” could be applied to make our discussion clearly and briefly. With above discussions, figures about four similar divisions of all kinds of triangles could be presented completely and systematically. Some results were come up after making some conjectures and discussions about the geometric constructions and geometric properties of “four proportional divisions”. We learn a lot by these researches especially on the discoveries that the ratio of those corresponding sides in each four similar triangles which form a golden triangle, is also golden ratio; and that we could divide a golden triangle into four similar triangles by using five folding lines.

在「植物的秘密生命」這本書中提到植物在電場或磁場中會生長的更好,我最近正好學到了電磁場如何產生,以及一些產生電磁場的方法,所以想利用螺形管線圈來產生均勻的電磁場並用安培右手定則來控制磁場產生的方向來了解電磁場在高低室溫下對綠豆生長的影響. 在本實驗中我利用鐵碗纏繞線圈的方式並通入不同的電流大小來改變磁場的強度,所進行研究所得到的結果顯示（1）綠豆只有在適當的電流大小下所產生的電磁場才可以幫助加速綠豆的生長(2)栽培綠豆的環境所架設的電磁場越高,越能持續讓綠豆的生長加速（3）綠豆的加速生長並不需要整天都通電（4）綠豆在N極朝上的磁場中生長的速率較S極朝上的磁場中要快(5)在較低的室溫下,電磁場加速綠豆生長的效應較能顯現 It has been mentioned that the plants will grow faster in the electronic or magnetic field in the book of “the secret life of plants”, I learned about the knowledge and methods of how to produce the electromagnetic field just now, I use the screw wire to produce electromagnetic field and control the direction by the Amplifier’s rule to investigate the growing speed of green beans under electromagnetic field in those different temperature. In this experiment, I use the wire to screwed around the ironed bowl, and make different electric current to generate different strength of electromagnetic field, the results indicate that (1) The faster growing speed will only exist in some strength of electromagnetic field (2) The higher ironed bowls that full of screwed wire will result in the faster growing speed (3) It will not need electromagnetic field all days (4) The green beans will grow fast in those north magnetic pole than those in south magnetic pole (5)The effect of electromagnetic field to increase growing speed will be significant in higher room temperature

自2004年4月29日至2004年8月30日止，研究不同食物量對於蓋斑鬥魚生殖表現之影響。自臺北縣水產種苗繁殖場取得40尾（北縣種苗場字第0930000192號），分成低、中、次高、與最高四個飼養食物量組（3, 6, 9 ,12 顆飼料/每隻魚），每一種食物量組進行四次重複實驗，每一個實驗箱飼養雌、雄魚一對，控制相同的光週期、溫度、密度等變因。結果顯示食物量為中食量組（6粒/隻）泡巢維持時間最長，與其他三組統計上有顯著差異，而其他生殖表現如雄魚的吐泡巢次數、泡巢間隔時間，以及雌魚產卵次數、產卵間隔時間，和魚卵孵化時間等四組之間皆無明顯差異。因此推測不同飼養食物量的處理對於蓋斑鬥魚生殖行為之影響不顯著。From April 29, 2004 to August 30, 2004, we studied the effects on breeding behavior of Macropodus opercularis in different quantities of food. We got forty fish from the nursery in Taipei County. We breed one male and one female in the tank, and the quantities food was set to low, middle, high, and highest groups (3, 6, 9, 12 granule forage per one fish). Every experiment group repeated three times. We also controlled the same light cycle, temperature, and density. We found that the longest maintenance time per one foam nest was breeding in middle group, and there is a statistically significant difference. But the other results had no statistically significant differences between different groups. Therefore, we inferred that the different allowance food feeding control had no significant effect to breeding behaviors of Macropodus opercularis.