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本文中我們探討一個有趣的數列。這個數列有一個非常特殊的性質：將數列相鄰兩項的前項當分子，後項當分母，所產生的分數數列，恰好會出現所有的正有理數。 這個特殊的性質表示，可以將正有理數按照這個方式作排序，這個排序將完全不同於常見的正有理數排序的方法。 (1). 在正有理數的排序的結構中，我們做出許多有關於此數列的定理。 (2). 用數學歸納法證明此分數數列涵蓋所有正有理數，且每一正有理數只出現過一次。 (3). 將數列分割後，利用試算表製成數列規則表，並整理出快速的方法將數列表達出來。 (4). 將an 數列排成“樹＂的模式，可更快速的把正有理數寫下來。 (5). 最後，設計出搜尋正有理數的演算法，解決在分數數列中第n個正有理數會是多少；以及正有理數會出現在數列中第幾項的問題。 Let’s discuss an interesting sequence. There is a very special quality in it. In this sequence, choose two numbers, which are close to each other, and suppose the first number as “member” while the second one as “denominator.” Then we can get a fraction sequence that includes all of the positive rational numbers! According to this special quality, we can arrange positive rational numbers by the following method. Then we can get a brand-new way of the arrangements. (1). We can find many theorems about this sequence according to this special arrangement of the positive rational numbers. (2). We can prove the rule that this fraction sequence includes all of the positive rational numbers by mathematical induction. Furthermore, every positive rational number appears only once. (3). After dividing this sequence into several parts, we can get a sequence rule list by using trial balance and find a faster method to express the sequence. (4). Arrange the an sequence by the tree model. By this way, we can get all of the positive rational numbers much faster. (5). Finally, we can develop the operation method to solve the questions that what position would one positive rational number be in the sequence and what is the first, second, third or nth positive rational number of the sequence.

In our experiment, the novel hydrothermal-galvanic couple method is used to produce nanostructured TiO2 thin film. Compared with the traditional hydrothermal method, whose process is conducted under high temperature and high pressure, the hydrothermal-galvanic couple method is a thermally and electrochemically driven process. The titanium atom is gradually oxidized on the surface driven by potential difference, and eventually become nanostructured TiO2. The advantages of the hydrothermal-galvanic couple method are numerous： they are simple, environment-friendly and energy-saving. Experimental parameters include time, concentration and types of solution. The hydrothermal method is used for comparison. By the cross-section and surface pictures of Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), we can clearly observe that there is obvious change on the titanium surface, along with increased thickness and altered surface structure. The film of hydrothermal-galvanic couple method is thicker than that of hydrothermal method. Thickness increases with time and concentration as well. Both the hydrophile and decomposition of methylene blue examination indicate that the product on the surface contains photocatalyst-like feature.我們利用新穎水熱-化學電池法製備奈米級二氧化鈦薄膜。相較於一般傳統水熱法高溫高壓的製程，水熱-化學電池法結合了熱能與化學電能，讓鈦原子在電位差的驅動下於表面逐步氧化，最終形成奈米級二氧化鈦粒子，具備簡易、環保、省能的優點。實驗參數包括時間、濃度、溶液種類，並以水熱法作為對照組。由FE-SEM 橫截面圖及表面圖可清楚看到鈦的表面有明顯變化，膜厚增加、表面結構改變；以水熱-化學電池法所得的薄膜明顯較水熱法厚，而其厚度隨著濃度及時間的增加也有增加的趨勢，由試片親水性測試與亞甲基藍吸光度測試，皆顯示試片的表面產物具有類似光觸媒的性質。

A total of 64 nonduplicate isolates of erythromycin-resistant (MIC, >1 μg/ml) Streptococcus pyogenes collected from 1979 to 2003 in Taiwan were evaluated. They were collected from three cohort period: 1979 –1989, 1990-1999 and after 2000. The in vitro activities of 10 antimicrobial agents were determined by the agar dilution method. Penicillin, cephalothin, cefotaxime, vancomycin, and ofloxacin were shown to be active against S. pyogenes isolates (100% sensitive). Erythromycin and azithromycin both had poor activities (MIC50s, 16 and >128 μg/ml, respectively; MIC90s, >512 and >128 μg/ml, respectively). The activities of tetracycline, clindamycin, and chloramphenicol against a significant number of these isolates were also limited. Among the 64 S. pyogenes isolates, 58% had constitutive resistance [cMLS], 40% had an M phenotype and 2% had an iMLS phenotype (inducible resistance [iMLS]). A substantial upsurge in the incidence of M phenotype erythromycin-resistant isolates was found with time for S. pyogenes (10% in 1979–1989, 48% in 1990–1999 and 65% after 2000). The erythromycin resistance genes in 64 isolates of the different cohorts were investigated by PCR. All cMLS phenotype isolates tested had ermB gene. The M phenotype isolates had only the macrolide efflux (mefA) gene. This study shows the secular changes of increasing susceptibility of S. pyogenes isolates to both erythromycin and clindamycin in Taiwan. The mechanisms of erythromycin resistance have changed from the predominance of ermB gene (cMLS) to mefA gene (M phenotype). 本研究是探討台灣自1970 年代末期以來不同世代A群鏈球菌菌株對紅黴素的抗藥性及抗藥基因特徵的演變。研究者收集台灣二十年前(1980 年代前後，第一世代)、十年前(1990 年代，第二世代)、)及最近(2000 年以後，第三世代)之A 群鏈球菌菌株共64 株，利用抗生素圖譜和雙藥錠擴散測試及聚合?連鎖反應(PCR)、和脈衝式膠體電泳研究A 群鏈球菌對紅黴素抗藥性的表現型及基因型特徵。結果發現第一世代的A 群鏈球菌對紅黴素最小抑菌濃度(MIC)值相當高，幾乎都是>512 μg/ml，90%為多重抗藥菌株。第二世代則相對有降低，在第三世代此現象更明顯，多重抗藥菌株為30%。在雙藥錠擴散測試結果，從第一世代來看cMLS 佔大多數(90%)，M 型佔10%；第二世代cMLS 及M 型相當分別佔52%及48%；第三世代主要為M 型佔65%，cMLS 佔30%，iMLS 佔5%。利用PCR研究紅黴素抗藥性基因發現所有cMLS 菌株皆有ermB 基因，所有M 型菌株皆有mefA 基因，iMLS 菌株則有ermTR 基因。由本研究顯示在台灣A 群鏈球菌對紅黴素之抗藥性隨著不同世代有逐年改善之趨勢，由MIC50的降低可看出，菌株對紅黴素的敏感性提高，可為臨床治療之參考。

本實驗使用奈米級二氧化鈦能經紫外線催化，分解空氣中的水分子產生自由基，攻擊膠原蛋白中碳與氫鍵結的部份，使膠原蛋白的分子量成功的從300000 減少至少到20000 以下。其次，利用紫外線波長或酸鹼值的變因之下，控制降解出來的分子量大小。利用此法可在4個小時內得到很好的降解效果，不僅可以節省反應所需的時間，所需的成本也比當今所使用的酵素降解法來得低。 其次，我們檢測降解完後膠原蛋白的活性，發現只要不照光超過2 小時，膠原蛋白所剩的活性還不錯。如此一來，我們就可以利用此法快速的製造出有用的膠原蛋白了。 ;In the experiment, we use the properties of TiO2 which can be catalyzed by UV rays and breaking the molecules of H2O and produce free radicals that can attack the bond between carbon and oxygen in collagen, degrading collagen's molecular weight from 300000 to at least below 20000. We also use different UV rays and pH to conduct the experiment, controlling the molecular weight by degradation. By using this technique, we can get good effect of degradation in 4 hours. It can not only cut back the reaction time, but also costs much lower than the way using enzyme to degrade collagen. Furthermore, after the degradation of collagen, we also carry out the experiment to make sure whether collagen is “alive” or not. We have got the result that collagen can still work if it is not shone under UV rays more than 2 hours. In this way, we can use the technique to produce useful collagen rapidly.

台灣西海岸的河川，常飽受嚴重的水污染，其中最嚴重者莫過於重金屬離子所造成的危害了。所以，本作品即探究：從了解【電解水的氧化還原反應】到設計【小型多重兩極分流電解槽】上，希望藉此設計能給相關單位參考，以為農田引水灌溉及養殖水域做把關的工作。最後並對長期以來校內涉及電解、電鍍…等含重金屬離子的實驗做徹底的減廢設計，以排出無污染性的廢水。;Rivers along the west coast of Taiwan have been seriously polluted for a long time, the most hazardous one of which has been caused by heavy metal ion. As such, this article aims at how to discharge a pollution-free wastewater by understanding first from the oxidation- reduction reaction of electrolytic water to design of a miniature multiple bipolarity divided-flow electrolyser. It is hoped that this design would provide related government regulatory agencies with adequate information so that they may be capable of doing a responsible pollution-prevention job in water irrigation for farming land and water for marine farming as well. Finally, the author may further add that this design has been through constant laboratory tests involving electrolysis and electroplating of heavy metal ion in the hope that a perfect design to eradicate wastewater can be produced so as to discharge pollution-free waste water.

本研究首先利用NaOH 將PAN 薄膜改質形成PAA 水膠膜表面，進一步與異丙胺鍵結形成NIPAAm 結構，以做為藥物傳輸的載體。反應所得之PNIPAAm 薄膜其溫度轉換點為34 °C 其pH 敏感性介於pH 5 至10 之間，實驗進行進一步於34 °C將PNIPAAm 薄膜浸入共軛亞麻油酸(CLA)中，取出後置入4 oC 二次水中，最後測試經改質接枝後PAN 薄膜於膽固醇、三酸甘油酯的吸收效果，並以化學冷光儀分析改質接枝後PAN 薄膜其抗氧化效率。結果顯示改質接枝之PNIPAAm 薄膜於包埋CLA 其對於血液中膽固醇及三酸甘油酯有明顯的吸收效率，此外對血液中的自由基也有明顯較未改質之PAN 薄膜穩定的趨勢。A thin layer of poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (pNIPAAm) was synthesized in situ on the surface of hydrolyzed polyacrylonitrile (PAN) membrane. This thin layer exhibited both pH response due to the poly(acrylic acid) moiety and temperature response due to the pNIPAAm moiety. The swelling behavior of the membranes was evaluated under various temperatures and pH. The curve of the swelling ratio for the PAN-NIPAAm showed a lower critical solution temperature (LCST). Then conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) was loaded into the pNIPAAm layer. The effects of CLA on the blood coagulation and oxidative stress were evaluated using human blood. The level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured by chemiluminescence (CL) method to evaluate the oxidative stress. Furthermore, the removal of bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) by CLA-loaded PAN-NIPAAm was measured with ELISA. The results show that the LCST swelling curve was at 37°C. In addition, the swelling ratio increased by 71% when the pH increased from 5 to 10. The concentration of LPS can be reduced by CLA-loaded PAN-NIPAAm 2.1 and 1.2 5 times of that by unmodified PAN and PAN-NIPAAm membranes, respectively. In addition, the level of ROS against CLA-loaded PAN-NIPAAm was reduced significantly than that against unmodified PAN and PAN-NIPAAm. Therefore CLA-loaded PAN-NIPAAm membrane could offer protection for patients against oxidative stress and could also inhibit LPS for clinical applications

在「植物的秘密生命」這本書中提到植物在電場或磁場中會生長的更好,我最近正好學到了電磁場如何產生,以及一些產生電磁場的方法,所以想利用螺形管線圈來產生均勻的電磁場並用安培右手定則來控制磁場產生的方向來了解電磁場在高低室溫下對綠豆生長的影響. 在本實驗中我利用鐵碗纏繞線圈的方式並通入不同的電流大小來改變磁場的強度,所進行研究所得到的結果顯示（1）綠豆只有在適當的電流大小下所產生的電磁場才可以幫助加速綠豆的生長(2)栽培綠豆的環境所架設的電磁場越高,越能持續讓綠豆的生長加速（3）綠豆的加速生長並不需要整天都通電（4）綠豆在N極朝上的磁場中生長的速率較S極朝上的磁場中要快(5)在較低的室溫下,電磁場加速綠豆生長的效應較能顯現 It has been mentioned that the plants will grow faster in the electronic or magnetic field in the book of “the secret life of plants”, I learned about the knowledge and methods of how to produce the electromagnetic field just now, I use the screw wire to produce electromagnetic field and control the direction by the Amplifier’s rule to investigate the growing speed of green beans under electromagnetic field in those different temperature. In this experiment, I use the wire to screwed around the ironed bowl, and make different electric current to generate different strength of electromagnetic field, the results indicate that (1) The faster growing speed will only exist in some strength of electromagnetic field (2) The higher ironed bowls that full of screwed wire will result in the faster growing speed (3) It will not need electromagnetic field all days (4) The green beans will grow fast in those north magnetic pole than those in south magnetic pole (5)The effect of electromagnetic field to increase growing speed will be significant in higher room temperature

茶品的發酵程度對其香氣與口感有決定性的影響，然而業界卻缺乏相關的客觀指標與其有效的量測方法。茶品發酵的主要化學過程是其兒茶素的氧化與聚合，這些茶單寧將隨著發酵過程逐漸由還原態轉變成氧化態。所以，不同發酵程度的茶，其氧化態單寧與還原態單寧的比將有所不同。這個比值預料可由氧化還原電位間接地量測得知。本研究使用白金絲與銀/氯化銀參考電極為電極對來量測此氧化還原電位。量具則使用具高輸入阻抗(大於十億歐姆)的pH 電極用電位計以取得茶汁中微弱的氧化還原電位訊號，可於十秒內取得高再現性(相對標準差小於3%)的電位訊號所得到的電位訊號與發酵程度呈高度的線性相關(相關係數大於0.9)。Degree of fermentation is pivotal for the aroma and the aftertaste of tea, but an objective scale and efficient evaluating methods are demanded for the important quality factor. Oxidation along with the polymerization of catechins is known to be the major chemical process during tea fermentation; the tea tannins will gradually change from their reduced forms to their oxidized formats. As the consequence, the ratio of oxidized tannins to reduced tannins will differ with the extent of fermentation. The ratio can be measured simply by the redox potential. In the present study, we used a platinum wire and an Ag/AgCl reference electrode as the electrode pair to measure the redox potential. A pH meter with high input impedance (over Giga ohm) served as our voltmeter for the weak voltage signals retrieved from tea infusions. The measurement was quick (less than 10 second) and with good reproducibility (CV0.9).

Color is not a physical quantity, but it is a characteristic of spectra. Traditionally spectra of light sources are characterized by the wavelengths and intensities of the spectral lines. We propose an alternative way of charactering spectra using colors. Using digital cameras, convex lens, and a 600 Lines/mm grating, we design a “Digital Spectrophotometer” (Pic.1), which uses no light sensors and electrical circuits that are necessary for conventional spectrometers. To analyze a spectrum using the “Digital Spectrophotometer”, we take digital images of the diffracted light through the grating emitted by the light source and then analyze the intensity distribution of the color components of the spectral lines. The structure of the “Digital Spectrophotometer” is simple and is easy to operate. The Digital Spectrophotometer includes a computer software program we have developed called the “Digital Spectrological Method”. After enlarging the digital spectrographs to a mosaic scale and regards each mosaic as a basic color block, the Digital Spectrological Method will transform every color block into a four dimensional “color coordinates” (λ (wavelength), R(red), G(green), B(blue)), where the coordinateλ is translated from the spatial position of the spectral line and the R, G, and B coordinates specifies respectively the corresponding intensity of the red, green, and blue color components. Comparing the “color coordinates” of the unknown light sources to the known, we can easily identify the wavelengths of the lights emitted by the unknown illuminant precisely. We have accomplished the following experiments by using the “Digital Spectrophotometer”: 1. Measure the spectra of various gaseous atoms, and establish the “database of digital spectra in color coordinates” (DDSCC). 2. Compare the characters of color presentation between digital camera images and positive film of the optical camera. 3. Identify the absorption spectrum of the Solar spectrum (Fraunhofer Lines) using the DDSCC. 4. Analyze the Orion αandβ spectrum using the DDSCC. 5. Identify the 589.0 and 589.6 nm wavelength difference between the “Double Lines of sodium spectrum”. 6. Measure the range of wavelength of the colored LED and register the results into the (λ, R, G, B) coordinates. 7. Compare the range of wavelength of He-Ne Laser and commercial Laser pointer. 8. Measure the Zeeman splitting of the hydrogen atom spectrum at 0.5 Tesla. 顏色雖不是物理量，卻是光譜的特性，傳統上對光譜的分析只記錄波長及對應的強度，而非以顏色來區分。我們運用數位相機、凸透鏡及600 條/㎜光柵，設計一個以顏色成分為標準來分析各類光譜的「數位攝譜儀」(Pic.1)。這個新的設計無須使用傳統光譜儀所需之光感應器及電路設計，只需拍攝光源透過光柵的繞射影像即可分析對應之光譜。我們製作的「數位攝譜儀」包含了一個自行設計的電腦軟體程式「數位光譜分析法」；將拍攝到光譜數位影像放大成「馬賽克」，作為光譜的最小「色塊」，該程式可將每個色塊轉換為一組四維的「顏色座標」 (λ (波長)，R(紅)，G(綠)，B(藍))，其中的λ 座標係由光譜線的位置轉換而來，而紅、綠、藍座標則記錄對應的紅、綠、藍色成分強度。與已知光源譜線的「顏色座標」比較，「數位攝譜儀」可精確測量各種未知光源放射出的光波波長且操作方便。利用「數位攝譜儀」的數位分析方法，我們完成以下實驗：1. 測量不同種類的原子光譜，建立「數位光譜資料庫」，包括氫、汞及鈉原子。2. 比較數位相機影像與光學相機正片的色彩顯影。3. 利用「數位光譜資料庫」，鑑定太陽光譜中的吸收光譜(Fraunhofer Lines)。4. 利用「數位光譜資料庫」，分析獵戶座α、β的可見光光譜。5. 鑑別波長589.0、589.6 奈米的鈉雙線。6. 用顏色座標(λ,R,G,B)測量發光二極體的波長範圍。7. 比較He-Ne 雷射與雷射光筆放光的波長範圍，發現市售雷射光筆所放之光並非單頻。

本實驗中利用二氧化鈦能在常溫下經紫外線催化，分解空氣中的水分子，產生自由基的特性，攻擊幾丁聚醣中碳與氧鍵結的部分，使chitin 的分子量成功的從近50000 降解至3000以下；並可利用照射時間的不同，降解出分子量不同的chitin。此法不但大大排除利用化學法降解時廢液處理上的問題，而且還能利用照紫外光時間長短的不同來控制分子量的大小；又奈米級二氧化鈦(TiO?)在紫外光在短短四個小時之內就有很好的降解效果，除了節省了反應所需的時間外，降解前後幾丁聚醣的濃度也很高，因此所需的成本也遠低於當今利用酵素降解的方法。In the experiment, we used the properties of TiO? that can be catalyzed by UV rays and breaking the molecules of H?O and produce free radicals, which free radicals can attack the chemical bond between carbon and oxygen in chitin, successfully degrading chitin's molecular weight from 50000 to 3000.We also use different shining times to degrade chitosan into different molecular weight. In this way, we not only readily solve the problem of treating waste liquids produced by chemical degradation, but also control the molecular weight by different UV ray shining time. For another thing, TiO? in the nanometer level has excellent effect on degradation within 4 hours under UV ray shining. It not only cut back the reaction time but also produced high concentration of the chitin after degradation. As a result, the cost is much lower than that of using enzyme to degrade chitin.