未得獎作品

我們的研究工作有兩項重要成果：首先，根據物理學的彈性體振動模型發現：主動脈硬化的定量分析訊息可由測量主動脈相對於心臟運動的延遲時間明確得知，而且可用目前臨床使用中的心臟超音波儀器直接進行此一測量。在對23 個樣品、每個樣品分析大約50至100 次心跳的初步研究中發現，此一延遲時間是確實存在的，而且延遲時間超過大約0.17秒時，樣品就可能具有動脈硬化的現象。其次，在比照過10 組樣品的數據後發現，上述之延遲時間確定可由體外的胸前超音波掃描（TTE）準確測得，而不需要採用侵入式的經食道超音波掃描（TEE），以免除受測者的不適，及避免副作用的風險，使得此一新方法更具有方便、普遍的優點。而且此一方法也可能由數據的分佈發覺心血管之其他病徵。未來仍需應用此一方法對較多樣品進行研究以進一步確定此診斷方法之可靠性。 Two important results were achieved in this research. Firstly, according to the physical model of elastic oscillation, we found that the qualitative analysis of aorta stiffness could be obtained by a measurement of the delay time of the aorta motion relative to the cardiac motion. This measurement could be carried out with the conventional echocardiography. A preliminary analysis based on 23 samples, with 50 to 100 heartbeats per sample, confirmed the existence of this delay time. Also, a delay time of greater than 0.17 sec might imply the symptom of aorta stiffness. Secondary, after a comparison of 10 samples, the aforementioned delay time could be measured with TaransThoracic Echo (TTE) instead of TransEsophadeal Echo (TEE), in which the later is invasive while the former is not. Therefore, the discomfort of the patient and the risk of invasive operation can be avoided, making this new method more convenient and more common to accomplish. This method could also clearly discern some abnormal cardiac performance. A large-scale study with this method should be conducted in the future.

In recent years, sandstorms have seriously attacked Taiwan day by day. Combining with the observations of Central Weather Bureau and the satellite images of NASA, the study has been collected the data of suspension grain in decades. And the study hopes the sandstorms’ information could be observed in early period. Still it hopes to find out the possible transmission paths in the atmosphere. Then we know how to cope with sandstorms in early time. Sandstorms attack Taiwan frequently in spring, the end of the autumn and the beginning of the winter. Compared with the charts of sandstorms and the satellite images, we could broadly aware that the moving paths of sandstorms are related to the currents and the characteristics of the atmosphere. When El Nino happens, the times of sandstorms attacking Taiwan decrease, and that increase when La Lina happens. According to the results of spectrum analysis, there might be high peaks of a year and six months short period varieties. And low peaks of 2.2 years and 7 months period, tell us that the short period aerosol varieties should be relative with season changes, the long period aerosol varieties may be relative with the El Nino and La Lina period. 近年來，大陸沙塵暴侵襲台灣的情況日趨嚴重影響。本研究中收集了近十年來懸浮顆粒資料，配合環保署空氣品質監測站、中央氣象局所觀測的資料與美國太空總署的衛星影像資料及NASA航空資源實驗室的氣流軌跡回推圖，希望能夠在早期觀測時發現大陸地區沙塵暴訊息，和沙塵暴所帶至大氣中的懸浮顆粒可能傳輸路徑。發生沙塵暴侵臺事件的季節，主要在春季及秋冬兩季交替期間發生的次數為最多。由地面天氣圖表、氣流軌跡回推圖及美國太空總署的衛星影像進行綜合比對之後，可大致瞭解大陸沙塵可能的移動路徑與大氣環流特徵有關。 聖嬰現象（El Nino）發生時，侵襲臺灣的沙塵暴次數會減少。在「反聖嬰現象」（La Lina）發生時，侵襲臺灣的次數相對增加。經由頻譜分析中得知，懸浮顆粒高峰期的變化有1年期及6個月變化趨勢，懸浮顆粒低峰期的週期變化有2.2年與7個月的變化趨勢，顯示短週期大氣懸浮顆粒變化應與季節變化有關，長期性變化或許與聖嬰反聖嬰週期有關連。

本研究計畫主要探討液晶摻雜奈米碳管後，液晶面板對可見光區之穿透光譜。由於奈米 碳管在應用上有一大缺點是容易聚結糾纏在一起，不容易排列整齊，為了使奈米碳管能夠依 照所希望的方向排列，並且能動態地改變碳管的排列方向，我們將奈米碳管散布在液晶內， 藉以控制奈米碳管的排列。為此，我們自製液晶面板以便能夠自由改變液晶材料的成分，即 調整奈米碳管的種類及粗細長短程度和奈米碳管與液晶材料的混合比例，並量測其穿透光 譜，探討奈米碳管對液晶分子偏轉程度的影響，及摻雜奈米碳管後的液晶面板，其穿透光譜 對各波長光的關係。 第一階段的基礎實驗中，我們先經由控制不同的外加電場，了解液晶分子對各波長的光 之穿透程度隨電場變化的關係；第二階段的實驗中，再進一步控制更多的變因，依需求將控 制不同變因自製液晶面板，並且逐步探討其穿透光譜對於種種變因的關係為何。

常常看到一些防污染系統的不實際及曠廢時日以致造\r 成污染面的擴大；最常見的為油輪漏油污染海面，而我們能\r 做的僅是利用攔油繩鏈(oil disaster)將污染海面的油污圈圍\r 起來防止其擴大範圍。從文獻資料得知最新的觸媒材料TiO2\r 可以在紫外光照射下發揮分解油污及廢液的功能。因此想以\r TiO2 為主題對類似油污污染及廢液污染的濾淨作一番探\r 討，進而研究出一套快速的除汙設計來嘗試解決層出不窮的\r 污染事件。\r TiO2廉價、無毒、穩定性高，為一種良好的光催化觸媒，\r 其實它早已被用來加入化妝品及口香糖中，以期促成人體內\r 外部(含口腔)的淨化功能。所以我們進一步配合空心玻璃球\r 粒的應用及TiO2 薄膜的鍍製來設計出具有分解液態污染源\r 的攔油繩及快速分解液態污染源的簡易濾淨系統。

Beings inherit various morphs and natural ability properties from their genetic parents to adapt to the environment and survive; Precis iphita iphita , for instance, is a best example of it. Although few literatures on Precis iphita iphita is found, through long-term field observation on the food intake, nest building, avoiding predator of immature stage, and living domain, the oviposition, plant preference of the adult, different stages of morphs and changes of behavior can be classified obviously when there are environmental or weather changes. The above can help investigate how they interact and influence with plants. This study aims to record and describe various behaviors and surrounding changes for Precis iphita iphita. 生物為適應環境求取生存，從親代遺傳許多形態、本能；黑擬蛺蝶（Precis iphita iphita） 的生活史就是個很好的例子。雖然文獻報告對黑擬蛺蝶的形態與行為描述不多，但藉由野外 長期實地觀察幼蟲的攝食、築巢、躲避天敵，以及成蝶的領域、產卵、食草選擇，可明顯區 分當環境、氣候產生變化時，黑擬蛺蝶不同蟲期的蟲體都有許多外在行為的改變，可作為探 討其與植物間的交互作用和影響。本研究旨在描述黑擬蛺蝶各種不同的行為與當時環境的狀 態，並將實際觀察所得詳實記載，以供他人比較參考。

Color is not a physical quantity, but it is a characteristic of spectra. Traditionally spectra of light sources are characterized by the wavelengths and intensities of the spectral lines. We propose an alternative way of charactering spectra using colors. Using digital cameras, convex lens, and a 600 Lines/mm grating, we design a “Digital Spectrophotometer” (Pic.1), which uses no light sensors and electrical circuits that are necessary for conventional spectrometers. To analyze a spectrum using the “Digital Spectrophotometer”, we take digital images of the diffracted light through the grating emitted by the light source and then analyze the intensity distribution of the color components of the spectral lines. The structure of the “Digital Spectrophotometer” is simple and is easy to operate. The Digital Spectrophotometer includes a computer software program we have developed called the “Digital Spectrological Method”. After enlarging the digital spectrographs to a mosaic scale and regards each mosaic as a basic color block, the Digital Spectrological Method will transform every color block into a four dimensional “color coordinates” (λ (wavelength), R(red), G(green), B(blue)), where the coordinateλ is translated from the spatial position of the spectral line and the R, G, and B coordinates specifies respectively the corresponding intensity of the red, green, and blue color components. Comparing the “color coordinates” of the unknown light sources to the known, we can easily identify the wavelengths of the lights emitted by the unknown illuminant precisely. We have accomplished the following experiments by using the “Digital Spectrophotometer”: 1. Measure the spectra of various gaseous atoms, and establish the “database of digital spectra in color coordinates” (DDSCC). 2. Compare the characters of color presentation between digital camera images and positive film of the optical camera. 3. Identify the absorption spectrum of the Solar spectrum (Fraunhofer Lines) using the DDSCC. 4. Analyze the Orion αandβ spectrum using the DDSCC. 5. Identify the 589.0 and 589.6 nm wavelength difference between the “Double Lines of sodium spectrum”. 6. Measure the range of wavelength of the colored LED and register the results into the (λ, R, G, B) coordinates. 7. Compare the range of wavelength of He-Ne Laser and commercial Laser pointer. 8. Measure the Zeeman splitting of the hydrogen atom spectrum at 0.5 Tesla. 顏色雖不是物理量，卻是光譜的特性，傳統上對光譜的分析只記錄波長及對應的強度，而非以顏色來區分。我們運用數位相機、凸透鏡及600 條/㎜光柵，設計一個以顏色成分為標準來分析各類光譜的「數位攝譜儀」(Pic.1)。這個新的設計無須使用傳統光譜儀所需之光感應器及電路設計，只需拍攝光源透過光柵的繞射影像即可分析對應之光譜。我們製作的「數位攝譜儀」包含了一個自行設計的電腦軟體程式「數位光譜分析法」；將拍攝到光譜數位影像放大成「馬賽克」，作為光譜的最小「色塊」，該程式可將每個色塊轉換為一組四維的「顏色座標」 (λ (波長)，R(紅)，G(綠)，B(藍))，其中的λ 座標係由光譜線的位置轉換而來，而紅、綠、藍座標則記錄對應的紅、綠、藍色成分強度。與已知光源譜線的「顏色座標」比較，「數位攝譜儀」可精確測量各種未知光源放射出的光波波長且操作方便。利用「數位攝譜儀」的數位分析方法，我們完成以下實驗：1. 測量不同種類的原子光譜，建立「數位光譜資料庫」，包括氫、汞及鈉原子。2. 比較數位相機影像與光學相機正片的色彩顯影。3. 利用「數位光譜資料庫」，鑑定太陽光譜中的吸收光譜(Fraunhofer Lines)。4. 利用「數位光譜資料庫」，分析獵戶座α、β的可見光光譜。5. 鑑別波長589.0、589.6 奈米的鈉雙線。6. 用顏色座標(λ,R,G,B)測量發光二極體的波長範圍。7. 比較He-Ne 雷射與雷射光筆放光的波長範圍，發現市售雷射光筆所放之光並非單頻。

磁浮隔空旋轉器是由一個旋轉軸和底座構成，利用兩者間相互排斥的磁力， 產生隔空漂浮的效果。本研究首先對旋轉軸的結構加以分析，並設計啟動裝置， 探討啟動電壓、旋轉軸重量及底座磁力等因素對漂浮轉動的影響。 我們分析維持旋轉平衡的各種作用力，並探討旋轉軸重心位置與摩擦力的關 係，以驗證我們的分析結果。此外，我們也利用自行設計的啟動裝置，提供穩定 的初始轉速，探討旋轉軸重心位置不同時，持續轉動時間的變化，進一步驗證所 做的分析。 為了瞭解磁場在旋轉軸漂浮過程中發生的變化，我們設計了支架把空間座標 化，再以高斯計測量出各點的磁場，獲得各平面的磁場強度分佈圖。配合磁力線 分佈圖與所測得的磁場強度分佈圖，我們以一個嶄新的分析模式，將抽象的磁場 概念具體化，使我們對旋轉軸放置前後及磁力與重力平衡時的磁場變化，更深入 的了解，同時也發現磁場強度會隨距離的增加而減弱。 最後我們在旋轉器上裝置感應線圈，經由旋轉實驗測得感應電壓的存在，證 明旋轉器轉動時，磁場會產生變化。 經由對磁浮隔空旋轉器的探討，我們得以了解它的漂浮原理、磁力與摩擦力 間的平衡關係，以及旋轉前後磁場變化。The Magnetic Floating Spinner(MFS) is composed of one spinner with a magnetic base. The floating effect of the spinner is caused by the interaction between the two opposite magnetic fields. We first analyzed the detail structure of the MFS, and then designed a starter to rotate it. Later, we studied the effect of starting electric potential, the weight of the spinner and the magnetic force of the base on the floating movement. We presented an explanation for the forces that maintained the floating of the spinner and, to support that, we studied the friction force with the position change of the spinner gravity centre. We also used the starter designed by us to provide a stable initial rotating force and analyzed the relationship between the change of gravity centre position and the duration of rotation. In order to understand the magnetic field change during floating movement, we designed a spatial frame to coordinate the spinner that floated above the base. We measured the surrounding magnetic force with the Goth’s apparatus and conducted a magnetic force distribution diagram. According to this diagram and the line of magnetic force, we therefore provide a brand new analysis model , which bring the abstract concepts of the magnetic field into a concrete theory. This research not only brings us to understand the magnetic field change of the spinner before and after its placement over the base and the balance between the magnetic and the gravity force, but also reveals that the magnetic force will wane with the increase of distance. Finally, we placed an induction coil by the spinner to detect a voltage change during spinner movement. This is an evidence that the magnetic field will change during the spinner movement. Through the study of MFS, we can now understand why it floats, the balance between magnetic and friction force, and the change of the magnetic force before and after the spinner movement. MFS = Magnetic Floating Spinner

Chemistry experiments in school produce an abundance of waste in both materials and equipment. Since hands-on experimentation is a critical pedagogical tool the trend in classroom experimentation is clearly towards environmentally friendly experiments that scale, but was also able to measure reaction rate in blue cupric sulfate solution using the color dissipation as a rate gauge. There was an evolution of apparatus and experiment design beginning with simple magnifying glass optics and advancing to a custom made, light-gathering microscope video apparatus that allows the experiment to be monitored and files recorded for later viewing. I was inspired by the Yin Yang Sea phenomenon in Taipei County. The Yin Yang Sea is a coastal area in Chinkuashih, Taipei County where coastal currents in the area lack the strength to disperse the heavy metal pollutants that empty into the Lientung Bay. The result is a contrast between the blue sea water and the turgid yellow ground water. This contrast led me to add an all-purpose indicator to the reactant solution. This deepens the visual effect of the electrolysis experiment. 我們從環境保護的角度去思考學校的化學實驗時，減量減廢的微型化學實驗已是未來實驗的趨勢。經過多年的努力，我除了成功的做到電解最微量的一滴溶液外，對於從藍色硫酸銅溶液顏色消失的電解時間裡，還可做定量的檢定感到不可思議！為了更清楚看到液滴溶液的電解反應，儀器的設計由放大鏡到自組顯微投影機，最後進階到顯微視訊的畫面，它不但可記錄下來，而且可在電腦中播放。為了更清楚看到液滴溶液的氧化還原反應和酸鹼變化，我想到了在北台灣的金瓜石海域一處特別的景觀，那就是離岸近海處有黃藍兩個不同顏色的陰陽海！於是我加了廣用指示劑到液滴中，由電解後出現的的陰陽海畫面，更可加深實驗的效果。 最重要的是：最環保也最接近零污染的顯微化學實驗，已然是未來可發展下去的目標。

A novel and simple method was developed to determine the activity of silver in nanometer particles more than in non-nanometer particles. The conductivity of conducting polymer, polyaniline (PANI) doped with different amount of nanometer silver particles was used to evaluated the activity of nanometer silver. In polymerization of polyaniline, hydrogen chloride solution usually used to increase the conductivity of polyaniline. When 1%(w/w) nanometer silver particles doped during the polymerization, the conductivity of polyaniline was down from 2.28 s/cm to 0.65 s/cm, then increased with increasing the amount of nanometer silver doped. The conductivity of polyaniline was changed from 2.28 s/cm to 0.47 s/cm when 3%(w/w) nanometer silver particles doped, but it is increased from 2.28 s/cm to 2.44 s/cm when was doped with 3%(w/w) micrometer silver particles. The conductivity of polyaniline changed due to the formation of silver chloride (AgCl) in doping nanometer silver. Some of the nanometer silver particles were formed to silver ion in hydrogen chloride solution for the high activity property of nanometer silver. This also can be proved from the spectra of XRD and FE-SEM. Therefore; determination the conductivity of conducting polymer by doping nanometer metal particles can be used to determine the activity of the nanometer particles. 本研究為開發一個新穎的檢測奈米金屬粒子化學活性大於非奈米金屬粒子的簡易方法。方法為利用導電高分子聚苯胺，於合成過程中添加不同濃度的奈米銀粒 子，並分別偵測其成品的導電度，藉以評估奈米銀粒子的化學活性。由於聚苯胺在合成過程中通常加入鹽酸以提高其導電度，致活性較大的奈米銀粒子於氧化後，隨即與氯離子形成氯化銀的沉澱，而降低聚苯胺的導電度，如添加1﹪(w/w)奈米銀粒子的，其導電度由2.28 s/cm 降至0.65 s/cm，隨後隨著添加量的增加導電度先降後再稍回升。一般非奈米級銀粒子因氧化電位為負值，即化學活性小，而不易被氧化。由實驗結果，我們發現同樣添加3%(w/w)的奈米級銀粒子或微米級銀粒子，添加奈米級銀粒子的導電度由2.28 下降為0.47，添加微米級銀粒子的導電度卻由2.28 上升為2.44，此乃說明本方法確實足以證明奈米級金屬的化學活性的確遠大於微米級金屬，因相同條件下，微米級銀粒子未如同奈米級銀粒子一樣被氧化成銀離子。即奈米級銀粒子可以輕易的被氧化，而非奈米級銀粒子則不易被氧化。尤其也可由X 光繞射儀分析光譜圖和場發射式掃描電子顯微鏡拍攝圖證明。因此，我們可以採用添加3 %(w/w)奈米級金屬銀粒子及微米級金屬銀粒子於導電高分子的方法，並藉導電度的變化，證明奈米金屬粒子的高活潑性。

在實驗用共振法測量聲音在固體、液體、氣體中的駐波聲場，測量各介質中的聲速。研究超聲波在液體中的空腔效應，鋁箔在不同液體受空腔效應所破損面積與時間略成正比，並發現在水與各濃度的洗潔精水溶液中以水的破損效果最明顯。另外利用1.65MHz 高頻超聲波打入水中，因駐波使水有疏密不同產生狹縫，以雷射通過狹縫有光的繞射花紋產生，由干涉條紋可推估駐波波長。利用閃頻共振法研究光彈材料超聲波場，且發展出以肉眼觀測的裝置，由光彈材料的花紋級數與應力研究中，發現花紋級數與應力成正相關，由聲場中的花紋顏色判斷所受應力大小，並發現超聲波不僅有聲場產生並伴隨熱效應，會影響觀測花紋級數。This project began by studying the fundamental properties of acoustic waves, the relationship between its velocity, frequency and wavelength. Experiments regarding the distribution of sound waves in different mediums, and the induction of resonance in solid, liquid and gaseous materials were conducted. Results from utilizing suspending method to confirm theoretical prediction of sound velocity was accurate, and the sound wave patterns in photo-elastic materials were observed. It was also observed that an aluminum foil would be cut in an ultrasonic cleaning device. The effects of different liquids such as water and detergents on cleaning effectiveness were then experimentally determined, taking into account factors such as viscosity. From reference materials, we learned that ultrasonic waves would create Caritation in liquids. Traditionally, sound waves are expected to exhibit only longitudinal waves, yet in this study it was discovered that the residual\r stresses from resonance in photo-elastic materials also indicate the existence of transverse waves.