未得獎作品

本研究主題主要是解決化學上複雜同分異構物的繪製以及其命名，因為物質在結構複雜時其同分異構物變化之多令人難以捉摸，於是我應用電腦強大的邏輯處理以及運算判斷的能力來讓電腦繪製。以下是我想達成的目的：(1)排列出分子式的同分異構物(2)顯示出同分異構物之示性式、結構式(3)預知尚未創造出物質的性質研究中我創造出以下原則讓我方便達成研究(1) 數位密碼：為了讓電腦方便執行我使用數碼的方式表達各種同分異構物(2) 五大原則：此原則能讓不僅是電腦甚至是各個要繪製同分異構物的人都能有架構的繪製，不會遺漏任何的組成。(3) ３Ｄ顯示：透過Ｘ３Ｄ軟體的協助我能讓使用者透過立體的方式了解到物質的結構。The purpose of this research is to solve the problem of Isomer’s structure drawing and named problem. It’s hard to predict the status of complex Isomers, so we use the powerful logic and calculational ability of computer to draw the structure of Isomers. The following points is the goal that we want to reach (1) Arrange the structure of the Isomer’s formula (2) Show structural formula of Isomers (3) Predict the chemistry of things that haven’t been created During our research, we create the following principle to help us do the research (1) Digital Codes: In order to let the computer to run the process, we use digital codes to express all the Isomer’s formula. (2) The “5 Rules”: The 5 rules can help not only computers but all the people who try to draw the structure of Isomers without losing any of compositions. (3) 3D Display: Helping our user to understand the structures of materials with the 3D images producing by the “X3D”.

自2004年4月29日至2004年8月30日止，研究不同食物量對於蓋斑鬥魚生殖表現之影響。自臺北縣水產種苗繁殖場取得40尾（北縣種苗場字第0930000192號），分成低、中、次高、與最高四個飼養食物量組（3, 6, 9 ,12 顆飼料/每隻魚），每一種食物量組進行四次重複實驗，每一個實驗箱飼養雌、雄魚一對，控制相同的光週期、溫度、密度等變因。結果顯示食物量為中食量組（6粒/隻）泡巢維持時間最長，與其他三組統計上有顯著差異，而其他生殖表現如雄魚的吐泡巢次數、泡巢間隔時間，以及雌魚產卵次數、產卵間隔時間，和魚卵孵化時間等四組之間皆無明顯差異。因此推測不同飼養食物量的處理對於蓋斑鬥魚生殖行為之影響不顯著。From April 29, 2004 to August 30, 2004, we studied the effects on breeding behavior of Macropodus opercularis in different quantities of food. We got forty fish from the nursery in Taipei County. We breed one male and one female in the tank, and the quantities food was set to low, middle, high, and highest groups (3, 6, 9, 12 granule forage per one fish). Every experiment group repeated three times. We also controlled the same light cycle, temperature, and density. We found that the longest maintenance time per one foam nest was breeding in middle group, and there is a statistically significant difference. But the other results had no statistically significant differences between different groups. Therefore, we inferred that the different allowance food feeding control had no significant effect to breeding behaviors of Macropodus opercularis.

在本次的實驗中，我們藉由拉午耳定律的公式及一條由作者從實驗中推論而得的公式，可以簡單的求出不同溶液的分壓。我們只需要一個自製式的簡易裝置，在裝置底下放置被測量的溶液，並密封使其成為封閉系統，其頂端為一銅箔，在銅箔上使用適合的溶液，藉由上方溶液蒸發量與下方不要放置溶液蒸發量的差異之值比較，即可求出其下方兩種成份系的溶液中各種溶液在不同莫耳分率下的分壓以及能量的傳遞，雖然會有誤差的存在，但比照一般利用光譜法來測量的方式，成本卻降低很多，且經由公式，也可估計各點的活性係數，比之以往簡易很多，因此可當作針對的高中生示範教學及教具，使同學更能了解兩成分係非理想溶液在拉午耳定律中之差別。This study shows that is easy to figure out the partial pressure of the different solutions by applying the formula of the Raoult's laws and a formula computed by the authors from their experiment data. All that is needed is a simple hand-made device. In the experiment, the device was sealed into a closed system after the solution to be measure was placed at the bottom of the device. A proper liquid was put in the top piece of the device, which was made of copper foil. By computing the difference between the amounts of evaporation of the top liquid with and without the bottom solution, we figured out that the two-component solution is the partial pressure and energy transmission of the solutions at varied mole fractions. Though errors do exist, cost was much lower by this method than by the spectrum method. Besides, the formula makes it easier to estimate the activity coefficients at different points. Therefore, the study can be applied in physics teaching in senior high school to facilitate students' understanding of the differences between two-component solutions in the Raoult's laws.

Beings inherit various morphs and natural ability properties from their genetic parents to adapt to the environment and survive; Precis iphita iphita , for instance, is a best example of it. Although few literatures on Precis iphita iphita is found, through long-term field observation on the food intake, nest building, avoiding predator of immature stage, and living domain, the oviposition, plant preference of the adult, different stages of morphs and changes of behavior can be classified obviously when there are environmental or weather changes. The above can help investigate how they interact and influence with plants. This study aims to record and describe various behaviors and surrounding changes for Precis iphita iphita. 生物為適應環境求取生存，從親代遺傳許多形態、本能；黑擬蛺蝶（Precis iphita iphita） 的生活史就是個很好的例子。雖然文獻報告對黑擬蛺蝶的形態與行為描述不多，但藉由野外 長期實地觀察幼蟲的攝食、築巢、躲避天敵，以及成蝶的領域、產卵、食草選擇，可明顯區 分當環境、氣候產生變化時，黑擬蛺蝶不同蟲期的蟲體都有許多外在行為的改變，可作為探 討其與植物間的交互作用和影響。本研究旨在描述黑擬蛺蝶各種不同的行為與當時環境的狀 態，並將實際觀察所得詳實記載，以供他人比較參考。

磁浮隔空旋轉器是由一個旋轉軸和底座構成，利用兩者間相互排斥的磁力， 產生隔空漂浮的效果。本研究首先對旋轉軸的結構加以分析，並設計啟動裝置， 探討啟動電壓、旋轉軸重量及底座磁力等因素對漂浮轉動的影響。 我們分析維持旋轉平衡的各種作用力，並探討旋轉軸重心位置與摩擦力的關 係，以驗證我們的分析結果。此外，我們也利用自行設計的啟動裝置，提供穩定 的初始轉速，探討旋轉軸重心位置不同時，持續轉動時間的變化，進一步驗證所 做的分析。 為了瞭解磁場在旋轉軸漂浮過程中發生的變化，我們設計了支架把空間座標 化，再以高斯計測量出各點的磁場，獲得各平面的磁場強度分佈圖。配合磁力線 分佈圖與所測得的磁場強度分佈圖，我們以一個嶄新的分析模式，將抽象的磁場 概念具體化，使我們對旋轉軸放置前後及磁力與重力平衡時的磁場變化，更深入 的了解，同時也發現磁場強度會隨距離的增加而減弱。 最後我們在旋轉器上裝置感應線圈，經由旋轉實驗測得感應電壓的存在，證 明旋轉器轉動時，磁場會產生變化。 經由對磁浮隔空旋轉器的探討，我們得以了解它的漂浮原理、磁力與摩擦力 間的平衡關係，以及旋轉前後磁場變化。The Magnetic Floating Spinner(MFS) is composed of one spinner with a magnetic base. The floating effect of the spinner is caused by the interaction between the two opposite magnetic fields. We first analyzed the detail structure of the MFS, and then designed a starter to rotate it. Later, we studied the effect of starting electric potential, the weight of the spinner and the magnetic force of the base on the floating movement. We presented an explanation for the forces that maintained the floating of the spinner and, to support that, we studied the friction force with the position change of the spinner gravity centre. We also used the starter designed by us to provide a stable initial rotating force and analyzed the relationship between the change of gravity centre position and the duration of rotation. In order to understand the magnetic field change during floating movement, we designed a spatial frame to coordinate the spinner that floated above the base. We measured the surrounding magnetic force with the Goth’s apparatus and conducted a magnetic force distribution diagram. According to this diagram and the line of magnetic force, we therefore provide a brand new analysis model , which bring the abstract concepts of the magnetic field into a concrete theory. This research not only brings us to understand the magnetic field change of the spinner before and after its placement over the base and the balance between the magnetic and the gravity force, but also reveals that the magnetic force will wane with the increase of distance. Finally, we placed an induction coil by the spinner to detect a voltage change during spinner movement. This is an evidence that the magnetic field will change during the spinner movement. Through the study of MFS, we can now understand why it floats, the balance between magnetic and friction force, and the change of the magnetic force before and after the spinner movement. MFS = Magnetic Floating Spinner

A novel and simple method was developed to determine the activity of silver in nanometer particles more than in non-nanometer particles. The conductivity of conducting polymer, polyaniline (PANI) doped with different amount of nanometer silver particles was used to evaluated the activity of nanometer silver. In polymerization of polyaniline, hydrogen chloride solution usually used to increase the conductivity of polyaniline. When 1%(w/w) nanometer silver particles doped during the polymerization, the conductivity of polyaniline was down from 2.28 s/cm to 0.65 s/cm, then increased with increasing the amount of nanometer silver doped. The conductivity of polyaniline was changed from 2.28 s/cm to 0.47 s/cm when 3%(w/w) nanometer silver particles doped, but it is increased from 2.28 s/cm to 2.44 s/cm when was doped with 3%(w/w) micrometer silver particles. The conductivity of polyaniline changed due to the formation of silver chloride (AgCl) in doping nanometer silver. Some of the nanometer silver particles were formed to silver ion in hydrogen chloride solution for the high activity property of nanometer silver. This also can be proved from the spectra of XRD and FE-SEM. Therefore; determination the conductivity of conducting polymer by doping nanometer metal particles can be used to determine the activity of the nanometer particles. 本研究為開發一個新穎的檢測奈米金屬粒子化學活性大於非奈米金屬粒子的簡易方法。方法為利用導電高分子聚苯胺，於合成過程中添加不同濃度的奈米銀粒 子，並分別偵測其成品的導電度，藉以評估奈米銀粒子的化學活性。由於聚苯胺在合成過程中通常加入鹽酸以提高其導電度，致活性較大的奈米銀粒子於氧化後，隨即與氯離子形成氯化銀的沉澱，而降低聚苯胺的導電度，如添加1﹪(w/w)奈米銀粒子的，其導電度由2.28 s/cm 降至0.65 s/cm，隨後隨著添加量的增加導電度先降後再稍回升。一般非奈米級銀粒子因氧化電位為負值，即化學活性小，而不易被氧化。由實驗結果，我們發現同樣添加3%(w/w)的奈米級銀粒子或微米級銀粒子，添加奈米級銀粒子的導電度由2.28 下降為0.47，添加微米級銀粒子的導電度卻由2.28 上升為2.44，此乃說明本方法確實足以證明奈米級金屬的化學活性的確遠大於微米級金屬，因相同條件下，微米級銀粒子未如同奈米級銀粒子一樣被氧化成銀離子。即奈米級銀粒子可以輕易的被氧化，而非奈米級銀粒子則不易被氧化。尤其也可由X 光繞射儀分析光譜圖和場發射式掃描電子顯微鏡拍攝圖證明。因此，我們可以採用添加3 %(w/w)奈米級金屬銀粒子及微米級金屬銀粒子於導電高分子的方法，並藉導電度的變化，證明奈米金屬粒子的高活潑性。

Chemistry experiments in school produce an abundance of waste in both materials and equipment. Since hands-on experimentation is a critical pedagogical tool the trend in classroom experimentation is clearly towards environmentally friendly experiments that scale, but was also able to measure reaction rate in blue cupric sulfate solution using the color dissipation as a rate gauge. There was an evolution of apparatus and experiment design beginning with simple magnifying glass optics and advancing to a custom made, light-gathering microscope video apparatus that allows the experiment to be monitored and files recorded for later viewing. I was inspired by the Yin Yang Sea phenomenon in Taipei County. The Yin Yang Sea is a coastal area in Chinkuashih, Taipei County where coastal currents in the area lack the strength to disperse the heavy metal pollutants that empty into the Lientung Bay. The result is a contrast between the blue sea water and the turgid yellow ground water. This contrast led me to add an all-purpose indicator to the reactant solution. This deepens the visual effect of the electrolysis experiment. 我們從環境保護的角度去思考學校的化學實驗時，減量減廢的微型化學實驗已是未來實驗的趨勢。經過多年的努力，我除了成功的做到電解最微量的一滴溶液外，對於從藍色硫酸銅溶液顏色消失的電解時間裡，還可做定量的檢定感到不可思議！為了更清楚看到液滴溶液的電解反應，儀器的設計由放大鏡到自組顯微投影機，最後進階到顯微視訊的畫面，它不但可記錄下來，而且可在電腦中播放。為了更清楚看到液滴溶液的氧化還原反應和酸鹼變化，我想到了在北台灣的金瓜石海域一處特別的景觀，那就是離岸近海處有黃藍兩個不同顏色的陰陽海！於是我加了廣用指示劑到液滴中，由電解後出現的的陰陽海畫面，更可加深實驗的效果。 最重要的是：最環保也最接近零污染的顯微化學實驗，已然是未來可發展下去的目標。

本研究計畫主要探討液晶摻雜奈米碳管後，液晶面板對可見光區之穿透光譜。由於奈米 碳管在應用上有一大缺點是容易聚結糾纏在一起，不容易排列整齊，為了使奈米碳管能夠依 照所希望的方向排列，並且能動態地改變碳管的排列方向，我們將奈米碳管散布在液晶內， 藉以控制奈米碳管的排列。為此，我們自製液晶面板以便能夠自由改變液晶材料的成分，即 調整奈米碳管的種類及粗細長短程度和奈米碳管與液晶材料的混合比例，並量測其穿透光 譜，探討奈米碳管對液晶分子偏轉程度的影響，及摻雜奈米碳管後的液晶面板，其穿透光譜 對各波長光的關係。 第一階段的基礎實驗中，我們先經由控制不同的外加電場，了解液晶分子對各波長的光 之穿透程度隨電場變化的關係；第二階段的實驗中，再進一步控制更多的變因，依需求將控 制不同變因自製液晶面板，並且逐步探討其穿透光譜對於種種變因的關係為何。

在實驗用共振法測量聲音在固體、液體、氣體中的駐波聲場，測量各介質中的聲速。研究超聲波在液體中的空腔效應，鋁箔在不同液體受空腔效應所破損面積與時間略成正比，並發現在水與各濃度的洗潔精水溶液中以水的破損效果最明顯。另外利用1.65MHz 高頻超聲波打入水中，因駐波使水有疏密不同產生狹縫，以雷射通過狹縫有光的繞射花紋產生，由干涉條紋可推估駐波波長。利用閃頻共振法研究光彈材料超聲波場，且發展出以肉眼觀測的裝置，由光彈材料的花紋級數與應力研究中，發現花紋級數與應力成正相關，由聲場中的花紋顏色判斷所受應力大小，並發現超聲波不僅有聲場產生並伴隨熱效應，會影響觀測花紋級數。This project began by studying the fundamental properties of acoustic waves, the relationship between its velocity, frequency and wavelength. Experiments regarding the distribution of sound waves in different mediums, and the induction of resonance in solid, liquid and gaseous materials were conducted. Results from utilizing suspending method to confirm theoretical prediction of sound velocity was accurate, and the sound wave patterns in photo-elastic materials were observed. It was also observed that an aluminum foil would be cut in an ultrasonic cleaning device. The effects of different liquids such as water and detergents on cleaning effectiveness were then experimentally determined, taking into account factors such as viscosity. From reference materials, we learned that ultrasonic waves would create Caritation in liquids. Traditionally, sound waves are expected to exhibit only longitudinal waves, yet in this study it was discovered that the residual\r stresses from resonance in photo-elastic materials also indicate the existence of transverse waves.

A novel and simple method was developed to determine the activity of silver in nanometer particles more than in non-nanometer particles. The conductivity of conducting polymer, polyaniline (PANI) doped with different amount of nanometer silver particles was used to evaluated the activity of nanometer silver. In polymerization of polyaniline, hydrogen chloride solution usually used to increase the conductivity of polyaniline. When 1%(w/w) nanometer silver particles doped during the polymerization, the conductivity of polyaniline was down from 2.28 s/cm to 0.65 s/cm, then increased with increasing the amount of nanometer silver doped. The conductivity of polyaniline was changed from 2.28 s/cm to 0.47 s/cm when 3%(w/w) nanometer silver particles doped, but it is increased from 2.28 s/cm to 2.44 s/cm when was doped with 3%(w/w) micrometer silver particles. The conductivity of polyaniline changed due to the formation of silver chloride (AgCl) in doping nanometer silver. Some of the nanometer silver particles were formed to silver ion in hydrogen chloride solution for the high activity property of nanometer silver. This also can be proved from the spectra of XRD and FE-SEM. Therefore; determination the conductivity of conducting polymer by doping nanometer metal particles can be used to determine the activity of the nanometer particles. 本研究為開發一個新穎的檢測奈米金屬粒子化學活性大於非奈米金屬粒子的簡易方法。方法為利用導電高分子聚苯胺，於合成過程中添加不同濃度的奈米銀粒子，並分別偵測其成品的導電度，藉以評估奈米銀粒子的化學活性。由於聚苯胺在合成過程中通常加入鹽酸以提高其導電度，致活性較大的奈米銀粒子於氧化後，隨即與氯離子形成氯化銀的沉澱，而降低聚苯胺的導電度，如添加1﹪(w/w)奈米銀粒子的，其導電度由2.28 s/cm 降至0.65 s/cm，隨後隨著添加量的增加導電度先降後再稍回升。一般非奈米級銀粒子因氧化電位為負值，即化學活性小，而不易被氧化。由實驗結果，我們發現同樣添加3%(w/w)的奈米級銀粒子或微米級銀粒子，添加奈米級銀粒子的導電度由2.28 下降為0.47，添加微米級銀粒子的導電度卻由2.28 上升為2.44，此乃說明本方法確實足以證明奈米級金屬的化學活性的確遠大於微米級金屬，因相同條件下，微米級銀粒子未如同奈米級銀粒子一樣被氧化成銀離子。即奈米級銀粒子可以輕易的被氧化，而非奈米級銀粒子則不易被氧化。尤其也可由X 光繞射儀分析光譜圖和場發射式掃描電子顯微鏡拍攝圖證明。因此，我們可以採用添加3 %(w/w)奈米級金屬銀粒子及微米級金屬銀粒子於導電高分子的方法，並藉導電度的變化，證明奈米金屬粒子的高活潑性。