Synthesis of Nanocomposite Nanocellulose From Durio zibethinus L. and TiO2 NPs as Potential Food Packaging Antibacterial (E. coli Wild Type and Resistance)
According to the 印尼n Association of Olefin Aromatic and Plastic Industries/INAPLAS, 2019 national plastic consumption still relies on plastic packaging at 65% and surprisingly, around 60% of plastic waste is absorbed by the food and beverage industry. The waste has been widely sought to be environmentally friendly, one of which is by developing biodegradable packaging. The purpose of this research is to make durian peel cellulose nanocomposites impregnated with TiO2 NPs, to form antibacterial properties against E. coli wild type and resistance. In this research, there are research methods consisting of nanocomposite synthesis, PSA test, FTIR, physical characteristics test and resistance test. The results analyzed that the nanocomposite nanocellulose-TiO2 NPs was successfully made using a 1:1 ratio and had a particle size of 458.7 nm based on the PSA test, which is classified as a nano size. The success of nanocomposite synthesis was proven by the results of FTIR analysis, which showed the formation of 698.65cm-1 and 1633.99cm-1 spectra, indicating the peak of TiO2 NPs and O-H functional groups on TiO2 NPs, as well as 1028.98cm-1 and 1158.42cm-1 showing C-O and C-O-C bonds in cellulose. The antibacterial test performed showed no significant activity in disc diffusion and well diffusion tests against E. coli wild type and resistance. This is potentially caused by inhomogeneous particle size variation. Physical characteristics test showed that the tensile strength test (0.075 > 0.0125 MPa) Durio Nano-Pack is superior to styrofoam, but the compressive strength test (0.125 > 0.875 MPa) shows the opposite. In this study, nanocomposite has a potential innovation that provides good mechanical properties and has a dual function mechanically as bio-based food packaging and chemically as antibacterial. Further research is needed to improve the particle size homogeneity of nanocomposites, modify the impregnation method, so that it has the potential to develop multifunctional materials that excel in various applications.
一價銠金屬催化肉桂胺衍生物進行不對稱氫芳基化反應
Rhodium(I)-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydroarylation of Cinnamylamine Derivatives
一價銠金屬催化反應已經被廣泛應用於有機化學合成領域中。而本研究以具保護基之肉桂胺衍生物1與四芳基硼鈉試劑2a作為起始物進行銠金屬不對稱氫芳基化催化反應，得到具有保護基的掌性2,3-雙芳基丙胺衍生物3，並探討此反應的掌性雙烯配基對於反應的影響。本研究已完成使用Ts（對甲苯磺醯基）保護基之肉桂胺衍生物1a作為起始物進行反應，並改變與銠金屬錯合的配基，發現當配基使用2,5號位為芳基取代之配基L（掌性雙環[2,2,1]雙烯配基）時，反應有較好的位置選擇性，其中最佳的是芳基取代為苯基之配基L1，其位置選擇性比例為1:0:0.09。目前將進行改變起始物1之氮上的保護基，以L1作為配基進行反應，並與1a比較，優化反應性及產率。
製備藻類衍生物碳點與 Mxene複合材料並應用高效超級電容
本研究運用綠藻、螺旋藻、卡拉膠（k,i,λ）進行製備碳點並應用高效超級電容。本實驗已完成綠藻、螺旋藻、卡拉膠（ k,i,λ）在不同的pH值中的溶解度測試，並找出綠藻、螺旋藻、卡拉膠（k,i,λ）各自適合溶解的溫度及溶液。此外，中途也已透過文獻中的實驗證實我們實驗中所運用的電化學實驗設計及裝置可以成功製備出碳點。而在電化學製備碳點的部分目前完成單獨藻類、藻類加histidne的電擊實驗以及測其吸收光譜，也運用先前製備出較穩定的碳點加入MXene進行電化學分析，透過碳點擴大MXene分層，以達到增加MXene電化學效能的效果。最後，預計之後將進行更多的電化學分析，進一步地確認碳點結合MXene能在超級電容的應用。
Resolving the Phosphate Fertilizer Dilemma through Progressive Wastewater Treatment
The study aimed to resolve global phosphate scarcity by developing a cost-effective method for phosphorus recovery from industrial wastewater. In existing wastewater treatment, oxidizing phosphite ions (PHO32-) posed a significant challenge. However, our research aimed to develop an effective method for this oxidation process, crucial for phosphorus recovery in industrial wastewater treatment. By utilizing low-cost iron compounds and innovative catalysts, such as iodine obtained from seawater and copper, we achieved remarkable success. Our method demonstrated the ability to oxidize over 80% of PHO32- into phosphate ions (PO43-) within 120 minutes, overcoming the limitations of existing costly methods involving palladium catalysts or high-voltage conditioned ozone (O3). Moreover, the process exhibited profitability, with a gross profit of $1.84 per kilogram of phosphorus, presenting a drastic reduction in cost compared to conventional methods using palladium catalysts. This breakthrough not only offers sustainable wastewater purification but also promises a pathway for resource recovery. Additionally, our future prospects involve refining this method into a device capable of purifying industrial wastewater and recovering phosphorus, emphasizing sustainability and reduced power consumption through innovative techniques like using iron and carbon plates forming a battery. This novel technology represents a sustainable solution utilizing abundant resources such as iodine from seawater, iron, and calcium, paving the way for sustainable phosphorus resource recovery.
Observation of volcanic gases with a simple alkaline filter paper method at Sakurajima Volcano in Kagoshima, Japan.
There are many active volcanoes in Kagoshima Prefecture, including Sakurajima Volcano. So, the volcanic disaster prevention is an urgent issue. Also, Hirabayashi of Tokyo Institute of Technology reported that the molar ratio of HCl/SO2 is large during periods of high HCl/SO2 and conversely small during periods of low HCl/SO2 , and that explosions increase one month after the molar ratio of HCl/SO2 increases during periods of no explosions. We decided to determine the composition ratio of volcanic gases (sulfur dioxide, hydrogen chloride, and hydrogen fluoride) emitted from Sakurajima crater in order to understand and predict volcanic activities. Th us, we established a simple collection method for volcanic gases using alkaline filter paper and a quantitative method using a self m ade absorbance photometer so that even high school students could perform the measurement at many points, and we discussed the data from various perspectives. Furthermore, since last year, we have found a correlation between the variation of Cl-/SO2 ratio and the number of eruptions at Sakurajima volcano. Also, a model for the behavior of volcanic gases was developed based on a comparison of the amount of volcanic ash and the number of eruptions.