Detection of Calcium Oxalate in Nephrolithiasis Using Ca-D
Nephrolithiasis isacommondiseasewherestoneisfoundinthe kidney. Kidney stones areharddepositsmadeofmineralsandsalts that form inside your kidneys. Urine has various wastes dissolved in it. When there is too much waste in too little liquid, crystals begin to form. Sometimes, tiny stones move out ofthebodyinthe urine without causingtoomuchpainanditcontainscalciumoxide. But stones that don't move may cause a back-up of urine in the kidney, ureter, the bladder, or the urethra. Therefore, Ca-d is used as an effective and affordable alternative device to check kidney stones. A new detector we can operate as an indicator for people who have high calcium oxalate levels in their urine. Which will help us to check calcium oxalate levels easily and practically with the use of tds (PPM as its unit). It can check whether people have high PPM levels that can cause issues like nephrolithiasis. It can also be used regularly so that people can avoid the disease by consistently checking their urine with Ca-d.
Resolving the Phosphate Fertilizer Dilemma through Progressive Wastewater Treatment
The study aimed to resolve global phosphate scarcity by developing a cost-effective method for phosphorus recovery from industrial wastewater. In existing wastewater treatment, oxidizing phosphite ions (PHO32-) posed a significant challenge. However, our research aimed to develop an effective method for this oxidation process, crucial for phosphorus recovery in industrial wastewater treatment. By utilizing low-cost iron compounds and innovative catalysts, such as iodine obtained from seawater and copper, we achieved remarkable success. Our method demonstrated the ability to oxidize over 80% of PHO32- into phosphate ions (PO43-) within 120 minutes, overcoming the limitations of existing costly methods involving palladium catalysts or high-voltage conditioned ozone (O3). Moreover, the process exhibited profitability, with a gross profit of $1.84 per kilogram of phosphorus, presenting a drastic reduction in cost compared to conventional methods using palladium catalysts. This breakthrough not only offers sustainable wastewater purification but also promises a pathway for resource recovery. Additionally, our future prospects involve refining this method into a device capable of purifying industrial wastewater and recovering phosphorus, emphasizing sustainability and reduced power consumption through innovative techniques like using iron and carbon plates forming a battery. This novel technology represents a sustainable solution utilizing abundant resources such as iodine from seawater, iron, and calcium, paving the way for sustainable phosphorus resource recovery.