環境工程

I live in the harbor town of Walvis Bay in the heart of Namib Desert which\r is surrounded by sea and dunes and both are famous in the world. Walvis\r Bay is situated in Namibia formally known as South West Africa.\r Walvis Bay is a fishing industry town with an international harbor\r The population of Walvis Bay is about 54000 people and growing daily.\r Our fish is daily exported to many European and some of Asian countries.\r Industry in Walvis Bay is contributing nearly 50% to the Namibian economy.\r The town has also been declared as an EPZ (Economic Production Zone). Its\r harbor serves as a corridor to the neighboring land locked countries.\r Walvis Bay offers more job possibilities than most other Namibian towns.\r Every year many jobless people, even foreigners, stream to this town to\r seek employment as laborers or as specialists in the various industries.\r These people are in need of accommodation and often have to make due\r with any sort of shelter in Walvis Bay.

Steel slag, is received from iron and steel production facilities in Turkey, and is up to 25-30% from steel production. These couldn’t have been reclamation for any field of use and free stored in nature. When the structure of this slag examined, it was contained metallic formation (Fe2O3, Al2O3, MnO2, MgO2 etc.) and oxide compositions (SiO2, CaO2 etc.). The aim of this project is investigate metallic content of steel slag used as fertilizer in plants. For this purpose, slag is used to determine the physical and chemical characterization. Then, it is separated from metallic content by using shaking table and multi gravity separative (MGS) method. After these procedures, there are determinate 6 groups with different densities and different grit size. Element analysis was made of these groups by atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) and ICP-OES system. In addition, mineral analysis was determined by XRD device. Thus, within each group minerals have been identified. Slag-soil mixture was prepared for determination the highest yield of using six different slag groups as fertilizer in the plant. Thus, corn crops were grown in different combinations. Then harvested corn plants and done soil analysis of the plants. As a result of experiments, percentage of the most effective slag-soil composition for corn was determined. The highest yield in the slag pot was determined the rate of %12.5 and coarse-grained. Ideally, the slag content found to be chinerals such as merwinite (3CaO-MgO-2SiO2), akermanite (2CaO-MgO-2SiO2), gehlenite (2CaO-Al2O3-SiO2). Thus, it was detected the steel slags can be used as feed material for plants. Hence by maintaining the ecological balance economic contribution to the country was achieved.

Our research is connected with the problem of the mercurious wasre products (MWP) recycling, luminescent lamps take a great part among them. The problem of recycling MWP is topical not only in Yakutsk, but also in other cities of Russia because of its toxic influence on the human’s body. Mercury is the top among eight the most dangerous metals. I have analyzed the conditions of recycling of luminescent lamps in Yakutsk schools. I have got data on the problem. There is a great amount of the fused luminescent lamps is stored in the territory of schools, it produces danger for the pupils’ health. On the research work I have proposed some ways of solution of the problem.

鑒於氨氮會消耗水中溶氧，造成水質惡化、危害水域生態，且政府將逐步管制廢水的氨氮含量，處理氨氮的技術日益重要。去除氨氮的方法有物理、化學及生物法，但物理、化學法成本高且有二次汙染的風險，因此本實驗希望找到能有效分解廢水中氨氮之菌種。採取可口可樂工廠的七池汙水，以高氨氮培養基篩出七種細菌(RW、ST、ET、BA、BS、SR、CA)，並挑選出三種氨氮分解效率最佳的細菌(RW、ST、ET)。進一步發現其能有效降低廢水中氨氮，並減少氨氮廢水對水中動植物的危害。因此，我們認為RW、ST、ET能有效處理廢水中的氨氮並減緩氨氮對於環境的危害。

葉綠素為植物體內進行光合作用關鍵物質，在能源領域內也有不少的應用。葉綠素是光合作用的鑰匙，葉綠素能夠累積光的能量並放出激發態電子，利用激發態電子的能量進行一連串複雜的反應，本研究的理論就建立在光合作用上，利用葉綠素吸收光能轉為電能的特性開發新型光電池。光電池使用金屬或非金屬材料，照光後能產生電流之材料作為發電材料。電池的製作過程非常簡單，實驗發電材料葉綠素也很容易取得，完全沒有汙染環境的疑慮，是非常乾淨的綠色能源。另外也探討葉綠素濃度對於發電效能的影響。研究使用的裝置是由兩片玻璃與矽膠片組裝而成的電池，在電池中間加入葉綠素與電解液。藉由改變電解液與有無光照來探討葉綠素在該電池中的氧化還原作用是否有明顯的變化，並推出化學反應式。結果顯示在葉綠素與電解液的配合下能夠建立出一套循環產電系統。

在相對較高氧化電位下的前處理，這樣的活化步驟已被普遍接受。藉由這樣的活化步驟，廢煤渣（傳統鋼鐵業）轉變成能夠有效偵測微量鉛金屬離子的催化劑。微量鉛金屬離子的偵測是藉由方波剝除伏安法進行。在最佳化參數下，偵測鉛金屬離子的靈敏度為11.482μA/ppm(斜率??)，線性範圍為0.1－2ppm。最後，照光設備之應用亦可用來提升偵測鉛金屬離子時之靈敏度。最終實際應用則取天然的水進行實驗之驗證。The preactivation process (i.e., preanodization) at very positive potentials has been accepted as the prime activating procedure. By using the preactivation process, waste cinder (from steel industry) were converted into an efficient catalyst in the determination of Pb2+ in cinder-modified carbon paste electrodes. The possibility of determining Pb2+ at trace levels was examined by square-wave anodic stripping voltammetry. Under the optimized analytical conditions, the sensitivity, linearity, and detection limit are 11.482 μA/ppm, and0.1－2 ppm (r = 0.974). Finally, the lighting was also used to raise the sensitivity of the determining Pb2+. The practical applications were demonstrated to measure trace Pb2+ in natural waters.

台灣西海岸的河川，常飽受嚴重的水污染，其中最嚴重者莫過於重金屬離子所造成的危害了。所以，本作品即探究：從了解【電解水的氧化還原反應】到設計【小型多重兩極分流電解槽】上，希望藉此設計能給相關單位參考，以為農田引水灌溉及養殖水域做把關的工作。最後並對長期以來校內涉及電解、電鍍…等含重金屬離子的實驗做徹底的減廢設計，以排出無污染性的廢水。;Rivers along the west coast of Taiwan have been seriously polluted for a long time, the most hazardous one of which has been caused by heavy metal ion. As such, this article aims at how to discharge a pollution-free wastewater by understanding first from the oxidation- reduction reaction of electrolytic water to design of a miniature multiple bipolarity divided-flow electrolyser. It is hoped that this design would provide related government regulatory agencies with adequate information so that they may be capable of doing a responsible pollution-prevention job in water irrigation for farming land and water for marine farming as well. Finally, the author may further add that this design has been through constant laboratory tests involving electrolysis and electroplating of heavy metal ion in the hope that a perfect design to eradicate wastewater can be produced so as to discharge pollution-free waste water.

This project determined which varietal of grapes grew best in the Lytton / Lillooet area. This project specifically measured growth rates, maturity levels, and breakage rates of the 18 grape varietals (9 red, 9 white) that grew on different slope positions. This experiment determined which varietal was best suited for the site specifically chosen in Lillooet and provided a ranking of the most desirable varietals for potential grape growers.

The purpose of research:Lies the importance of research in rationalizing the consumption of water during the irrigation of gardens, farms and green spaces. Where the world suffers from the problem of water scarcity, especially groundwater was the slogan of World Water Day in 2007 ((water scarcity)), and therefore we find through studies and scientific research that the world is suffering from a marked decrease in the water up to 30% and thus to drought. The one of the reports issued by the United Nations Environment Programme, that more than half the world's population will live during the next thirty years until in 2032, In areas suffering from water shortages, and West Asia, including the Arabian peninsula will be more areas suffering from water shortages, are expected to live about 90% of the population in areas suffering from water shortages in 2032. Steps of scientific research: Theme: the rationalization of water consumption in irrigation How can rationalize water consumption and maintenance? How to benefit from raw materials to the environment be friends of the environment and water? How to maintain in our hemisphere is suffering from the problems of pollution? R: field environment Compile information: Started to develop the idea of working model in detail (scientific deliberate scheme) of the parts used in the rationalization process model and then work on the ground. Forming hypotheses, research and analysis of information: Assume that the flow of water through the faucet immediately for a period of one minute quantity of 2 liters permission when using pregled control the flow of water and a minute amount of water will be 0.2 liter. Suppose that the system used in the rationalization process is linked with the timing of rush hour drops of water every minute and measuring the quantity flowing from the pipeline, we find it 2 / 10 from the amount of water flowing from the tap directly. Procedures used: Been working model ready by using the following tools: Ban small-sized water Basin water model using plastic-coated shell and clay. Wall hours with wire sensitive prove on the basis of hours rolled aluminium conductor of electricity affected debates clock Plastic trees. Electricity wires - the context of an electric effort to 220 volts. The idea of working model: Labour deliver electric power 220 volts. Scorpion am touching on the sensitive installed base pm (aluminium foil) relates to the electric dynamo worked on the flow of water to the delicate moment senses only wait until touching once again to work regularly. Conclusion: Conclude that the rationalization of water consumption by 90% during irrigate parks and green spaces and farms. Perception of the future work: Research can be developed so that rationalization for more than a minute using the control and distance.