環境工程

本研究以三膦酸酯配體、2-(2-吡啶)-苯并咪唑和 Cd(ClO4)2、CuCl2，合成[Cu2 (H6tpmm)2(Hpybim)2]⋅H2O和[Cd2 (H6tpmm)2(Hpybim)2(H2O)4]·2H2O兩種膦酸錯合物，分別稱之為Cu-Complex和Cd-Complex，錯合物與重金屬結合後會產生螢光，藉此可量測是否水樣中含有重金屬離子。實驗結果發現，Cu-Complex會和Cd2+和Zn2+離子結合並產生明顯的螢光反應，Cd-Complex則會和Zn2+離子結合產生明顯的螢光反應，且能偵測到極微量的水中重金屬Zn2+達0.0086ppm，遠低於環保署的排放標準5ppm。經由測定工廠的流放廢水能確定將此錯合物運用在現實生活中的可行性。此外，我們合成的Cu/Cd-Complex提供一另類化合物檢驗水樣重金屬的方法，有別於用傳統昂貴精密儀器檢驗法，有運用於檢測生活中水質特定重金屬的潛力。

染整工業所產生之染料廢水處理一直都是個難題，傳統的處理方法皆具有其優缺點。本研究是利用壓電材料-鐵酸鉍BiFeO3 （BFO）進行亞甲藍降解，當BFO受到外力時，會出現正壓電效應並產生電場，使水溶液生成高活性的自由基，並產生氧化還原反應分解染料。我們先利用水熱法合成BFO，並且利用降解50ppm的亞甲藍的過程中找出合成之最佳溫度與水熱時間。而我們合成之最佳BFO經過一小時的降解後，可將亞甲藍濃度降解下降53%，接下來我們分別利用三種金屬離子取代Bi與Fe，我們發現當Ba：Bi=3：7與Ti：Fe=2：8時，可將降解率提高至73%與58%，我們期待此方法能為染料廢水的處理提供一個新的選擇，為環境盡一份心力。

本研究想透過能分解石油的嗜油菌加速同為碳氫構成的塑膠分解。本實驗採用參雜一般塑膠的生物可分解塑膠片。從含有油污的土中經過DNA分離與純化後透過NCBI比對出主要菌種為Pseudomonas citronellolis和Achromobacter。菌種與經實驗室紫外光照射24小時的塑膠片反應時重量下降幅度最大，經約含7%紫外線的太陽光照射3天的塑膠片次之，無前處理的塑膠片最小。本實驗透過三種堆肥方式研究塑膠片分解的情形，在加入菌種和碳基生物復育劑的土中反應的塑膠片重量下降幅度最大，加入碳基生物復育劑的土中的塑膠片次之，加入自來水的最小。從塑膠片殘留重量比與實驗天數畫出的折線圖中可看出若維持經實驗室紫外燈照射24小時且在加入菌種和碳基生物復育劑的土內反應的塑膠片重量下降趨勢便能在883天後完全分解。此外，在探討不同酸鹼值的實驗中，可知pH10的分解最快，而含沙量實驗中則可得知含沙量0%對分解對有利。未來預計長期研究嗜油菌與一般塑膠的分解及不同有機質對塑膠分解的影響，期望解決塑膠過量的問題，使環境不受影響。

隨著人們對綠色能源的日益重視，具有乾淨、無污染優勢的氫能源被寄予厚望。光電化學水分解被認為是一種新穎且有前景的產氫策略。然而，光電化學水分解受到載流子分離效率低、載流子界面傳輸速度慢和可見光吸收差等因素限制。FeOOH曾被報導能有效進行表面改質，並提升活性位點的手段，尤其β-FeOOH具更優秀的電化學表現，且具豐富的氧空缺，其可以輔助電洞轉移並與Fe2+結合[1]，因此本研究使用β-FeOOH奈米粒子修飾WO3奈米板的表面，且因為它具有較低的能隙，可有效提高其在可見光區域的光吸收。光電流密度在1.23 V vs. RHE(可逆氫電極) 時可顯著提高至1.41 mA /cm2，比純WO3奈米板高約2.3倍。特別是FeOOH @WO3奈米板的雙電層電容值更是提升至472 μF/cm2，並且在太陽光的吸收比純WO3奈米板都更有優勢。未來，我們將結合儲氫技術開發成套供能裝置，不斷提高太陽能製氫系統的效率。

Citarum River is the longest and largest river in West Java. The upstream of the Citarum River starts from Mount Wayang, Bandung Regency and ends at the mouth of the Java Sea which is located in Muara Gembong, Bekasi Regency. The Citarum River plays an important role as raw water for PDAM drinking water, supplies electricity in Java-Bali and provides water for rice field irrigation in West Java. Citarum watershed is dominated by the manufacturing industry sector such as chemicals, textiles, leather, paper, pharmaceuticals, metals, food and beverage products, and others. Based on data from the World Bank, every day, the Citarum River is polluted by approximately 20,000 tons of waste and 340,000 tons of waste water with the majority of the waste contributors coming from 2,000 textile industries. By looking at these events, there is no doubt that the sustainability of the ecosystem and the environment in the Citarum River is damaged and polluted. (Zahra Fani Robyanti; 2020). The West Java Regional Environmental Management Agency stated that the content of E. coli bacteria in the Citarum River had increased. The bacteria that cause diarrhea come from industrial and household waste. In addition to E. coli bacteria, other pollutants in the Citarum River that have increased are biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and Suspended Solids. One of the efforts that can be done regarding E. coli bacteria that pollute the Citarum river is to make it as a substrate for Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC). Bacteria present in organic media convert organic matter into electrical energy. The nature of bacteria that can degrade organic media (enrichment media) in MFC produces electron and proton ions. It is these ions that produce an electric potential difference so that energy can be generated. Generally in conventional systems, MFC consists of two chambers consisting of anode and cathode chambers. The two spaces are separated by a membrane where proton exchange occurs. This system has not fully worked with bacteria because only the anode side contains bacteria, while on the cathode side it still works using chemical compounds such as Polyaluminum Chloride (PAC). However, recently MFC has been developed using bacteria at the cathode, or better known as biocathode. Bacteria in the cathode space have the same function as electron mediators that were previously carried out by chemical compounds. In many studies on MFCs, acetate is commonly used as a substrate for bacteria to generate electricity. These chemical compounds are easier for bacteria to process than wastewater. Acetate is a simple chemical compound that serves as a carbon source for bacteria. Another advantage of acetate is that this compound does not cause other reactions to bacteria such as fermentation and methanogenesis at room temperature. Based on this thought, the author will design a study entitled Utilization of Escherichia coli Bacteria in Contaminated Water in the Citarum River as a Dual Chamber Based Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) Substrate.

本研究研發出「能用池塘等高氨氮廢水來發電的新式微生物電池行動循環系統，搭配程式進行智能監控」。為了達成減碳的能源目標，我們設計了一個新式小型微生物電池。利用塑膠針筒連接常見的中藥塑膠罐，配合石墨棒加以改良，中間使用質子交換膜當鹽橋。串聯第14個微生物電池，電壓可達到7.53V，配合USB降壓板模塊，將放出的電能順利充入手機及行動電源儲存。首先將學校池塘水中的菌加以篩選出適合高氨氮環境中生存之菌種當成陽極微生物，能將含氨氮廢水以及葡萄糖氧化，配合傳統的魚菜共生形成新式微生物電池行動裝置，不僅達到綠能環保，還能行動自如地移動到不同水域進行發電。最後結合Arduino Uno程式監控水質，利用Arduino Uno程式搭配TDS感應器及繼電器，可以監測魚池中TDS雜質並啟動馬達抽水循環，Python程式回報水質。 本研究可解決環境汙染與能源缺乏的問題，期望達成水資源循環利用、永續發展。