環境工程

Microplastics are tiny invisible plastic pieces that are piling up in the marine environment emerging as one of the many environmental issues which our planet is facing today. Researches for the removal of these particles are important because studies that have been made so far haven't come up with an effective solution. This project aimed to detect microplastics and remove them from aqueous environments with an effective and practical method then it was aimed to determine the removal amount of microplastics by optical measurements with the developed system. Firstly, the magnetic carbonanotubes (m-CNT) which is intended to hold onto the surfaces of microplastics was synthesized and added to the mixture of microplastics. Then the magnet within a glass tube was passed through the mixture and the sample was cleared of microplastics. A spectrometer was made to monitor this process and after its calibration, it was used to measure coffees with different concentrations. It has been shown that their concentrations can be determined by calculating the transmission values and Rayleigh scattering. In the end, it has shown that there are no micro or nano-sized plastic particles when removed with M-CNT, within the accountable range of the spectrometer that had been made. Hence the removal of the microplastics: an invisible threat for the environment has been studied by combining nanomaterials with unique surface properties in the removal process and an optical principle such as Rayleigh scattering, a new technique has been developed that can measure quickly, economically,

Microplastics are tiny invisible plastic pieces that are piling up in the marine environment emerging as one of the many environmental issues which our planet is facing today. Researches for the removal of these particles are important because studies that have been made so far haven't come up with an effective solution. This project aimed to detect microplastics and remove them from aqueous environments with an effective and practical method then it was aimed to determine the removal amount of microplastics by optical measurements with the developed system. Firstly, the magnetic carbonanotubes (m-CNT) which is intended to hold onto the surfaces of microplastics was synthesized and added to the mixture of microplastics. Then the magnet within a glass tube was passed through the mixture and the sample was cleared of microplastics. A spectrometer was made to monitor this process and after its calibration, it was used to measure coffees with different concentrations. It has been shown that their concentrations can be determined by calculating the transmission values and Rayleigh scattering. In the end, it has shown that there are no micro or nano-sized plastic particles when removed with M-CNT, within the accountable range of the spectrometer that had been made. Hence the removal of the microplastics: an invisible threat for the environment has been studied by combining nanomaterials with unique surface properties in the removal process and an optical principle such as Rayleigh scattering, a new technique has been developed that can measure quickly, economically,

本研究探討富含膠原蛋白的魚鱗，藉由嘗試各種電器及配合熬煮時間長短，萃取出最佳濃度之魚鱗萃取液，並找出最佳成膜配方為魚鱗萃取液20 g、5 %TG酵素水溶液0.8 mL、甘油 1 mL、乙醇 1.5 mL，以冰箱冷藏方式製作出魚鱗薄膜，接著以自製儀器測量魚鱗薄膜之透水性、穿刺強度、彈性、水溶溫度、膠熔溫度等物理性質，再將製作出的魚鱗薄膜包覆胡椒乾粉及油料醬包，以熱壓來密封包裝膜封口，封膜效果好不會溢出，放入熱水中 2 分鐘內皆可完全溶解，攪拌後調味料分布平均，是很適合當作泡麵調味包的包裝材料，故將魚鱗廢棄物再利用，製作的薄膜不但能食用，亦能取代塑膠，預期可達到「低污染、省資源、無廢棄」等減量減廢之環保理念。

本研究討論以酒精、沙拉油、飽和醋酸鈣溶液，尋找最佳酒精凝膠的穩定度，增加凝膠穩定度方法：(1)密閉系統，(2)飽和醋酸鈣溶液：酒精以1：5的比例，(3)添加沙拉油時，穩定度會下降，但添加使用過的廢油時，穩定度會增加。 沙拉油或回收廢油皆無法直接點燃做為燃料，但若溶入酒精凝膠中，則可製成再生固體燃料，本研究結論：回收廢油10克、酒精10 mL、飽和醋酸鈣溶液2 mL，於室溫經簡單混合，就可製得燃燒效能與市售酒精塊相仿、大於200 cal/ g的自製固體燃料；若是成分較簡單的回收廢油，除酒精及飽和醋酸溶液，若再添加適量硬脂酸亦可製得固體燃料。本研究讓「回收廢油」產生新的再利用的機會，對環境、綠能有所貢獻。

Nowadays, cooling open spaces in hot seasons without using fossil fuels has gained a lot of attention. In this regard, natural air conditioning is a great method for conserving energy that can be used for reducing energy consumption and environmental pollution. Structures like windcatchers are used for natural air conditioning as a building component in warm climates since they are placed in the path of the wind and direct the wind to play a significant role in reducing the temperature. The main objective of the current study is to explore air conditioning in open spaces based on sustainable architecture. The current study reviews the relevant literature from credible journals, and it includes studies with relevant subjects published from 1851 to 2021. The findings show that implementing this design project can result in significant advances in terms of reducing humidity, removing dust and insects from the air, conserving energy, reducing the global temperature, using renewable energies, and producing conditioned air for the area

Nowadays, cooling open spaces in hot seasons without using fossil fuels has gained a lot of attention. In this regard, natural air conditioning is a great method for conserving energy that can be used for reducing energy consumption and environmental pollution. Structures like windcatchers are used for natural air conditioning as a building component in warm climates since they are placed in the path of the wind and direct the wind to play a significant role in reducing the temperature. The main objective of the current study is to explore air conditioning in open spaces based on sustainable architecture. The current study reviews the relevant literature from credible journals, and it includes studies with relevant subjects published from 1851 to 2021. The findings show that implementing this design project can result in significant advances in terms of reducing humidity, removing dust and insects from the air, conserving energy, reducing the global temperature, using renewable energies, and producing conditioned air for the area

本研究探討改善冬季養殖廢水中亞硝酸降解不良的問題。潘朵拉菌Pantoea sp.可在冬天生長並降解水體亞硝酸，不同於其他菌其在低溫時生長較好但降解較差，顯示兩者非正相關。進一步得知溫度會影響Pantoea sp.細胞內代謝機制，也發現氨濃度降低時降解能力上升，西方墨點法及酵素活性實驗得知MDH表現量和活性在低溫較高。水體中添加葡萄糖可使冬季亞硝酸降解能力提升6倍，且不影響其生長，與文獻添加碳源會促進益生菌生長不同。比較各式糖類後得知單醣和雙醣皆可提升降解能力，其中單醣較雙醣好，且此做法適用各鹽度環境，而碳源可提升降解能力，推測因其影響細胞內TCA cycle運作。最後實際到戶外採集養殖池水研究，結果顯示成本低的擴培方式可有效降解亞硝酸，對改善台灣冬季養殖廢水水質有高度應用價值。

本研究從餐廳截油槽中採菌，並以含Tween80及Ca2+培養基篩選出具lipase的五種菌。進一步在大豆沙拉油與豬油中培養，發現一號菌及二號菌有較佳的分解能力，二號菌最佳，且二號菌在分解沙拉油(6.0%)的能力大於豬油(4.9%)。將此兩種菌進行深入探討，發現二號菌在處理截油槽中的廢油效能上優於一號菌，且當一、二號菌混合時更佳；於不同油脂Nutrient Broth 培養基的生長情況，二號菌表現比一號菌好。經定序後比對序列後，推斷一號菌接近Serratia marcescens，二號菌較接近Serratia grimesii。總結一、二號菌是具備油脂分解潛力的菌種。 未來規劃，將菌加入自行設計的油脂分解截油槽，比較計算其分解能力，運用於含油脂的廢水處理，減少環境汙染。

微塑膠因為其密度小、表面積大之特性可吸附有害物質，並傳播至各地，而對人體和環境造成危害，故回收微塑膠是科學家研究的重要主題。本實驗發現：在中性50 mL水樣品中回收以砂紙磨製的微塑膠時，加入0.050克的Fe3O4和1~2 mL乙酸乙酯或正己烷後，微塑膠、有機溶劑和Fe3O4可互相吸附，再用磁鐵將三者同時吸出而與水分離，可達到清除微塑膠的效果，不同微塑膠(PP、PET、HDPE和PETG)的清除效果皆可高於89%以上。 而在中性的50 mL水樣品中，回收較大顆粒之微塑膠(顆粒大小介於0.500 mm~2.380 mm)時，加入微塑膠0.5克、水50 mL、0.5克Fe3O4¬和不等量正己烷時，會有不同回收效果，但普遍以不加入正己烷，微塑膠(PP、HDPE、LDPE和PS)回收效果最佳，皆約85%以上。 推測此清除機制為微塑膠可吸附有機溶劑，有機溶劑可吸附Fe3O4，三者混合後即可用磁鐵以磁力將此混合物和水樣分離，達到清除微塑膠的效果。但當為塑膠顆粒較大、重量較大時，則會停留在有機層中，反而難以用磁鐵分開，故以Fe3O4即可達到回收微塑膠的效果。

本研究選用Aspergillus tubingensis、Aspergillus oryzae、Aspergillus japonicus 三種真菌作為研究對象，將實驗分為兩個部分，一為三種真菌是否能降解PU、PE、PLA三種塑膠，結果發現Aspergillus tubingensis在黑暗中皆能降解塑膠而效果為PU、PE>PLA，Aspergillus oryzae 與Aspergillus japonicus則有降解PU與PLA之能力。二為探討Aspergillus tubingensis在不同色光及不同pH值下降解塑膠的效果，結果發現Aspergillus tubingensis 在相同色光不同瓦數情況下，降解PLA的能力為3W>1W，降解PU則是1W>3W；相同瓦數的情況，降解PU能力為白光>紅光>藍光，降解PLA能力為紅光>白光>藍光；在pH=4及pH=9環境中皆無明顯降解塑膠之能力。