全國中小學科展

環境工程

Considering Fukushima’s contaminated water treatment system using algae ~ To protect the oceans from radioactive emissions

Nine years ago, the Great East 日本 Earthquake caused the spread of a large amount of radioactive materials. Even now, the amount of contaminated water is increasing at a rate of 180 tons per day, and it is said that the storage tanks for the contaminated water will run out of space in the next two years (Fig. 1). If the contaminated water is discharged into the ocean, it will cause reputational damage to the fishing industry, and the environmental pollution. We are conducting to research to prevent it from happening. In the wake of the nuclear accident, the senior started water quality surveys at Chaya Marsh near the school. During the survey, they found (Chara braunii, Fig. 2), (Nitella axilliformis, Fig. 3), Closterium moniliferum (Fig. 4), and (Nostoc commune, Fig. 5).

The Waves Fish Controller

Our oceans, coasts, and estuaries are home to diverse living things. These organisms take many forms, from the tiniest single-celled plankton to the largest animal on Earth, the blue whale. Understanding the life cycles, habits, habitats, and inter-relationships of marine life contributes to our understanding of the planet as a whole. Human influence and reliance on these species, as well as changing environmental conditions, will determine the future health of these marine inhabitants Humans influence the whole environment even if they don’t notice , the growth of men and our increasing reproduction over the years results to an over consumption of nutritious products , which makes us exploit the wildlife more and more and in the same time take parts of its habitats for us to life in and throwing our non-needed materials in what’s left of the world. And that’s a big problem because the Eco-System was just fine before we started over exploiting it in a greedy and unreasonable manner, and since the ecosystem’s parts are related altogether in an ongoing circle , the absence or the destruction of one part of It may lead to the unbalance and even destruction of the whole organized system. And that’s why as humans, it is our first duty to take care of nature generally and both fauna and flora specifically, not because of a moral code of some kind; but to protect Humanity from ourselves, and to preserve the human kind from destruction and extinction. And that’s the main goal of our project, that’s to help us organize our fishing exploitative activities with how much can the environment handle from it.

懸浮微粒三維偵測與預報系統

近年空氣品質已是居住環境與健康的指標,「細懸浮微粒」充斥在空氣中,造成過敏,增加肺癌的危險。本研究探討懸浮微粒在受到重力、空氣阻力與空氣浮力影響後,形成分層。並利用VPython軟體模擬不同大小的懸浮微粒(pm10、pm2.5與pm1.0)於空間中碰撞及受到空氣阻力產生能量衰減,藉此了解不同微粒之分層現象。再實作以居住樓層不同的垂直高度,設計組裝架設「懸浮微粒三維偵測器」及物聯網。以台灣中部地區,日益增加的空汙狀況下,模擬以台中火力發電廠為例,探討其風向、地理環境、以擴散模式理論模擬後,選定數棟建築物,監測每棟建築物地面上不同高度的空氣品質數值。最後監測數值自動上傳至物聯網雲端資料庫 ThingSpeak,並可於使用者端監測及取得測量數值;期許再利用機器學習及歷史累積的三維空氣品質資料,將來更優化預測空氣品質數值之成效。

將廢矽泥製成奈米矽以及進一步應用於鋰離子電池負極材料之研究

矽元素因具有極高的理論電容和鋰攝取量(Li Uptake)而被認為是有潛力的鋰電池負極材料,然而該材料的特性使其在充放電時體積巨幅脹縮,造成結構碎裂,縮短了電池壽命。 本研究設計一套低耗能、低成本的製程,以現今台灣光伏產業大量難以回收之廢矽泥及鎂金屬為原料,將矽之粒徑縮小為奈米級以解決上述體積膨脹問題而成為極佳的鋰電池負極材料。 我們先將矽合成矽化鎂,再利用二氧化碳及氮氣的氧化還原反應製成多孔矽,隨後再利用創新的化學蝕刻法產出奈米矽。目前業界奈米矽的製備仍以高功率研磨為主,本研究首度使用銅離子、過氧化氫及氫氟酸作為蝕刻液,成功製造出平均粒徑100nm之負極材料。而過程中所使用的鎂粉可回收再使用,回收率高達94%,故幾乎無成本廢料排放,大幅降低當今鋰電池的生產成本,也落實防廢、再生、節能等綠色化學原則。

以空氣盒子探討台灣環境中懸浮微粒的潮解膨脹現象

我們的研究是利用空氣盒子設計出一個裝置,用以觀察環境中懸浮微粒潮解膨脹現象。 我們觀察了由硝酸銨與硫酸銨各自以及不同比例與混合模式組成的懸浮微粒。純硝酸銨的潮解點不明顯,純硫酸銨有明顯的潮解點。內混合懸浮微粒有一個潮解點,並且出現3種類型的潮解行為,分別是偏向硝酸銨或硫酸銨以及過渡型,後者粒徑成長的比例會比前兩者來得高。外混合懸浮微粒有兩個潮解點,保留兩種成分各自的特性。 我們利用雨水觀察環境中懸浮微粒的潮解膨脹現象,將其與內混合懸浮微粒的潮解點與潮解行為做比較,來推估其成分與來源。確定我們的裝置能推估出主要的污染成分及來源。

同「鋅」協力 —— 以醇解法探討金屬鋅催化解聚 PET之反應

聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯 (PET) 是一種常見的合成高分子材料,其被應用的範圍相當廣泛,如產品包裝、手提袋等,然而隨著人類的過度使用,越來越多的 PET 產品被發現有回收不當的現象。 文獻指出,醇解法為一具有反應條件簡單、反應過程溫和及較不會產生多餘副產物的解聚 PET 方法,且醇解法能使用非均相觸媒,具有易於分離觸媒的優勢,具工業化潛力。本研究嘗試利用廢電池中的鋅作為催化劑用以解聚 PET 成單體對苯二甲酸乙二酯(BHET),並深入討論影響反應進行的因素與發展應用。利用廢電池中的鋅作為催化劑不但成本低廉,也更能符合本研究的核心「綠色化學」。 本研究已透過最適化條件搜尋,發現能在催化劑使用量為 0.2 克、反應時間 4 小時、反應溫度 180 度時,解聚 5 克的 PET,有最佳效果之 BHET 產率 75.8% 和 PET 轉化率 93.2%。根據最適化反應條件,並比較不同種的鋅化合物做為催化劑,發現廢電池中的鋅作為催化劑催化反應,具有較佳的轉化率與產率。

Detect the Defect

"When the Well is Dry, we will know the Worth of Water." Most of 埃及 and the world suffers from water and petrol shortage. With the current consumption rate, two-thirds of the world's population may face water shortages by 2025. These are water pollution, overpopulation, and agriculture, leading to wastewater from landfills and pipes that seep into the ground and may pollute the water, making it unfit for human consumption and waste more water. Besides, some accidents happen to water distribution and irrigation systems, causing a significant loss in water. According to the ministry of water resources, in 2016, the need for freshwater is 67 billion cubic meters. On the other hand, 埃及 receives only 55 billion cubic meters (2.6 billion cubic meters of them evaporate during runoff). Also, one of the wasting water methods in modern irrigation systems is water leakage from pipes as the water transmission and distribution lose about 31% of the produced water due to pipe leakage. Besides, every day more than 3.3 billion liters of treated water – 20 percent of the nation's supply and 234 million liters a day more than a decade ago – are lost through leaking pipes in England and Wales. Many reasons lead to leakage in pipes like water pressure, clogs, and corrosion. The leakage in pipes does not exist in the lines of water only. Also, the pipes in a petrol can cause dangerous accidents like the accident in the Bahira government that led to the death of 6 people and made 19 in a dangerous state. Our project designed a system that can detect fluid leakage and deal with it fast to prevent the wasting of fluid by using sensors and electronic circuits. Our system provides us with information about the fluid (like the amount of the flowing fluid and its speed). Therefore, if there is a difference in the reads, we understand that there is a leakage in this region, and the system will automatically stop the fluid flowing through the pipes. the system will locate all the leakage sites and send them to the mobile app with the amount wasted and the actions taken.

The development of natural quick-cooking tapioca balls

本研究利用自製包覆薄膜裝置,在濕粉圓表面包覆雙層海藻酸鈣薄膜(內層1.0%海藻酸鹽+外層0.5%海藻酸鹽),經自然乾燥製成新型粉圓,可浸泡冷水不會崩解或破裂,且水分完全滲入粉圓內部僅需25分鐘;新型粉圓在泡水25分鐘後,其內部水分含量高達51.67%。新型粉圓要達到100%煮熟率之時間,僅乾粉圓的37.80%、濕粉圓的42.75%,省時效果十分明顯;而所消耗電能,僅乾粉圓的25.57%、濕粉圓的28.81%,節能效果極為顯著。新型粉圓經全質構分析(TPA)之彈性已達到商品化之水準,並經官能品評驗證,受試者對新型粉圓各項目之喜好程度均優於濕粉圓。最後,測試新型粉圓之水活性僅為0.684,其Aw值明顯低於一般微生物生長界限0.8,可在常溫下長時間貯存。

塑膠微粒對大型蚤生殖的影響

塑膠微粒常見於自然環境中,若攝入塑粒是否會對生物生存造成威脅?本研究以塑粒及小球藻餵食大型蚤(Daphnia magna),以螢光顯微鏡觀察大型蚤腸道並監測小球藻濃度以推測大型蚤攝食情形,並監測新生水蚤個體數。 研究發現大型蚤在濾食中會攝入塑膠微粒,在含0.08 mg/L塑粒的培養環境下大型蚤攝食量顯著減少。在含0.01mg/L的塑粒環境下大型蚤開始抱卵天數有延長、第一子代個體數會減少,且平均體長亦減少。若子代出生即放回無塑環境,可恢復生長情形。 在含0.01mg/L的塑粒環境下,族群大小有顯著減少且在0.08mg/L濃度下的族群在第七天全部死亡,也就是有塑環境對大型蚤生殖及生長確實造成影響。

煙燻水製造機運用於作物生長、疫病防治與肥力之研究

本研究目的主要是研發煙燻水製造機,第三代煙燻水製造機,採用稻梗燃燒室與噴霧式煙燻水產生室,製作並實驗說明煙燻水對農作物驅蟲、防疫、種子萌芽與肥力效果。結果顯示,第三代煙燻水製造機,生產之煙薰水品質穩定,且符合環保署空氣排放規定,其生成之煙燻水成分以氣相層析質譜儀檢測結果,共測得28種化合物,主要是醇、內酯、乙醛、酸、酮、生物鹼和酚類等。其中2(5H)-呋喃酮C4H4O2,可刺激小黃瓜種子萌發。酚類化合物C10H9N3O對抑制真菌生長有效,且在煙燻水添加甲殼素與鈣粉,有助於農作物幼苗成長。