環境工程

聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯 (PET) 是一種常見的合成高分子材料，其被應用的範圍相當廣泛，如產品包裝、手提袋等，然而隨著人類的過度使用，越來越多的 PET 產品被發現有回收不當的現象。 文獻指出，醇解法為一具有反應條件簡單、反應過程溫和及較不會產生多餘副產物的解聚 PET 方法，且醇解法能使用非均相觸媒，具有易於分離觸媒的優勢，具工業化潛力。本研究嘗試利用廢電池中的鋅作為催化劑用以解聚 PET 成單體對苯二甲酸乙二酯（BHET），並深入討論影響反應進行的因素與發展應用。利用廢電池中的鋅作為催化劑不但成本低廉，也更能符合本研究的核心「綠色化學」。 本研究已透過最適化條件搜尋，發現能在催化劑使用量為 0.2 克、反應時間 4 小時、反應溫度 180 度時，解聚 5 克的 PET，有最佳效果之 BHET 產率 75.8% 和 PET 轉化率 93.2%。根據最適化反應條件，並比較不同種的鋅化合物做為催化劑，發現廢電池中的鋅作為催化劑催化反應，具有較佳的轉化率與產率。

本研究利用自製包覆薄膜裝置，在濕粉圓表面包覆雙層海藻酸鈣薄膜(內層1.0%海藻酸鹽+外層0.5%海藻酸鹽)，經自然乾燥製成新型粉圓，可浸泡冷水不會崩解或破裂，且水分完全滲入粉圓內部僅需25分鐘；新型粉圓在泡水25分鐘後，其內部水分含量高達51.67%。新型粉圓要達到100%煮熟率之時間，僅乾粉圓的37.80%、濕粉圓的42.75%，省時效果十分明顯；而所消耗電能，僅乾粉圓的25.57%、濕粉圓的28.81%，節能效果極為顯著。新型粉圓經全質構分析(TPA)之彈性已達到商品化之水準，並經官能品評驗證，受試者對新型粉圓各項目之喜好程度均優於濕粉圓。最後，測試新型粉圓之水活性僅為0.684，其Aw值明顯低於一般微生物生長界限0.8，可在常溫下長時間貯存。

The lack of drinking water in human settlements triggers a series of problems that are linked and affect the development of humanity: health problems, lack of water security for companies, lack of jobs, insecurity, among others. We observe this problem in the communities of the municipality of Las Vigas de Ramírez, Veracruz, where there is a great problem with the water supply, although there is a high presence of mist. Faced with this situation, we undertook the task of investigating a water harvesting method that is easy to implement, operate and maintain. We investigated and analyzed the methods of mist condensation through physical barriers, finding that the polyethylene shadow mesh was the means to achieve this, because it allows the passage of the wind, it is very light, easy to manipulate and above all that it presents the phenomenon of percolation that allows water droplets of various diameters to be accommodated therein. We designed a device that allows to present a mist catchment area through a prismatic structure enabled with meshes and condensed water receivers, portable, easy to use and maintenance and very economical with a performance of 20 liters per day. To achieve our project, factors such as air humidity, dew point, wind speed and direction, height, temperatures and available spaces must be considered.

塑膠微粒常見於自然環境中，若攝入塑粒是否會對生物生存造成威脅？本研究以塑粒及小球藻餵食大型蚤(Daphnia magna)，以螢光顯微鏡觀察大型蚤腸道並監測小球藻濃度以推測大型蚤攝食情形，並監測新生水蚤個體數。 研究發現大型蚤在濾食中會攝入塑膠微粒，在含0.08 mg/L塑粒的培養環境下大型蚤攝食量顯著減少。在含0.01mg/L的塑粒環境下大型蚤開始抱卵天數有延長、第一子代個體數會減少，且平均體長亦減少。若子代出生即放回無塑環境，可恢復生長情形。 在含0.01mg/L的塑粒環境下，族群大小有顯著減少且在0.08mg/L濃度下的族群在第七天全部死亡，也就是有塑環境對大型蚤生殖及生長確實造成影響。

本研究目的主要是研發煙燻水製造機，第三代煙燻水製造機，採用稻梗燃燒室與噴霧式煙燻水產生室，製作並實驗說明煙燻水對農作物驅蟲、防疫、種子萌芽與肥力效果。結果顯示，第三代煙燻水製造機，生產之煙薰水品質穩定，且符合環保署空氣排放規定，其生成之煙燻水成分以氣相層析質譜儀檢測結果，共測得28種化合物，主要是醇、內酯、乙醛、酸、酮、生物鹼和酚類等。其中2(5H)-呋喃酮C4H4O2，可刺激小黃瓜種子萌發。酚類化合物C10H9N3O對抑制真菌生長有效，且在煙燻水添加甲殼素與鈣粉，有助於農作物幼苗成長。

厭氧生物反應較好氧處理系統，操作成本低、耗能低、少污泥，亦生成甲烷產能，可將污水轉換為能源生成。然而常溫菌(30-40°C)代謝活性陡降於15°C，也降低了COD去除率。因此，厭氧生物系統被應用於長年高溫的熱帶及亞熱帶地區，而非較高緯度地區。厭氧生物反應限制於溫度<15°C的環境如何維持COD去除率，進而導致厭氧系統難以全球廣泛應用。本研究採用額外添加的兩種酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisi 和Saccharomyces pastorianus)，觀察在低溫下可否有效提升厭氧系統溫度。而添加的酵母亦可藉由增加COD去除率，提升氣體產物CO2、CH4之產量。 在本研究中，於低溫控制厭氧生物系統添加酵母試驗 (1)反應槽系統溫度平均增加4.22°C (2) COD去除率增加9.99%，氣相CH4增加2.9%，CO2增加9.7%。於常溫操作添加酵母試驗 (3)氣相CH4增加8.7%，CO2增加6.2%，(4) COD去除率則增加3%。研究結果驗證於低溫及常溫環境，酵母發酵可有效促進酸化反應，進一步影響甲烷生成。而添加酵母於厭氧生物系統的操作，可有效提升COD去除率及甲烷含量。添加酵母於厭氧生物系統之操作有低成本、生成甲烷產能的優點，將可提升在稍高緯度國家的使用優勢。

本研究目的是為了更了解海藻膠製成的膠膜於食品包裝的應用。我們將此膠膜命名為新型環保非塑性保鮮膜。實驗顯示，環保非塑性保鮮膜的成功取決於甘油和醋酸的關鍵比例成份。我們以適當比例的甘油，醋酸和海藻膠糊液，能夠控制薄膜的流動性和柔軟性。藉由透明度、穿刺強度、拉伸強度和伸長率的物理性能測試，我們的研究證明，新型保鮮膜具有初步商品化之水準。環保非塑性保鮮膜之水活性值遠小於0.6。在實際應用上，「自製新型保鮮膜」包裝功能特性、包裝視覺效果甚佳，並具備優良的冷藏保鮮效果，而且不用擔心因保鮮膜接觸油脂、蒸煮或微波加熱處理所衍生的食安問題。「自製新型保鮮膜」之水活性值遠小於0.6，因此，常溫下具有相當好的貯藏性。最後，經3週掩埋測試，證明「自製新型保鮮膜」之腐敗性甚佳，是一種對環境十分友善的環保材質。

路燈若變壓器損壞，會連同高效率LED晶片被丟棄，就像勞斯萊斯的引擎壞了就整台廢棄。本作品思考如何回收LED良品，改造成「不需要」變壓器也能發揮高功率路燈LED的強光照明並長時間使用。 用a-IGZO取代電阻器，從已發表的論文知a-IGZO經紫外線或藍光激活後，有超過一天以上的持久性光電流，可讓LED有更好的發光效率，路燈LED發藍光，且適合放在玄關入口照得到紫外光激活可持續到晚上。LED需要直流偏壓3.7V下工作，用110V交流電除了電壓相差太大，也有閃爍問題。我們巧妙利用路燈LED是集成晶片，經設計可在交流電變換極性時都有LED亮著，再用擴散片(從液晶螢幕拆下)將光弄勻，讓燈看起來是恆亮，材料成本僅需一元(電阻器)。回收再製後，可用在大門入口或走廊下長時間照明，環保愛地球省電省錢。利用Arduino設計監測模組並用wifi傳回數據，可長時間觀測，證明可行。

Microplastics are tiny invisible plastic pieces that are piling up in the marine environment emerging as one of the many environmental issues which our planet is facing today. Researches for the removal of these particles are important because studies that have been made so far haven't come up with an effective solution. This project aimed to detect microplastics and remove them from aqueous environments with an effective and practical method then it was aimed to determine the removal amount of microplastics by optical measurements with the developed system. Firstly, the magnetic carbonanotubes (m-CNT) which is intended to hold onto the surfaces of microplastics was synthesized and added to the mixture of microplastics. Then the magnet within a glass tube was passed through the mixture and the sample was cleared of microplastics. A spectrometer was made to monitor this process and after its calibration, it was used to measure coffees with different concentrations. It has been shown that their concentrations can be determined by calculating the transmission values and Rayleigh scattering. In the end, it has shown that there are no micro or nano-sized plastic particles when removed with M-CNT, within the accountable range of the spectrometer that had been made. Hence the removal of the microplastics: an invisible threat for the environment has been studied by combining nanomaterials with unique surface properties in the removal process and an optical principle such as Rayleigh scattering, a new technique has been developed that can measure quickly, economically,

The lack of drinking water in human settlements triggers a series of problems that are linked and affect the development of humanity: health problems, lack of water security for companies, lack of jobs, insecurity, among others. We observe this problem in the communities of the municipality of Las Vigas de Ramírez, Veracruz, where there is a great problem with the water supply, although there is a high presence of mist. Faced with this situation, we undertook the task of investigating a water harvesting method that is easy to implement, operate and maintain. We investigated and analyzed the methods of mist condensation through physical barriers, finding that the polyethylene shadow mesh was the means to achieve this, because it allows the passage of the wind, it is very light, easy to manipulate and above all that it presents the phenomenon of percolation that allows water droplets of various diameters to be accommodated therein. We designed a device that allows to present a mist catchment area through a prismatic structure enabled with meshes and condensed water receivers, portable, easy to use and maintenance and very economical with a performance of 20 liters per day. To achieve our project, factors such as air humidity, dew point, wind speed and direction, height, temperatures and available spaces must be considered.