環境工程

本研究改良傳統密閉式迴流法耗時、耗能、耗材的缺點，利用自製簡易微型微波迴流裝置，開發具有六大優點之震盪微波法。此檢測方法可一次進行多項實驗，不僅操作方便〈只需一人操作〉，快速〈傳統密閉式迴流法需2小時，震盪微波法只需震盪20分鐘、微波1分鐘〉，省能〈傳統法需耗電1.396度，震盪微波法只需耗電0.0067度〉，低汙染〈傳統法所需之重鉻酸鉀為10ml，震盪微波法只需5ml〉，且最經濟實惠〈傳統法需耗費2.932元，震盪微波法只需約0.014元〉。除此之外，此項裝置可適用於一般家用微波爐，不必在微波爐上打洞，利用極性分子吸收微波的特性，使系統具有選擇性，讓冷卻用的乾冰能夠重複使用。總而言之，此一裝置簡易方便，可做為及時檢測COD值之簡單裝置。

Nine years ago, the Great East 日本 Earthquake caused the spread of a large amount of radioactive materials. Even now, the amount of contaminated water is increasing at a rate of 180 tons per day, and it is said that the storage tanks for the contaminated water will run out of space in the next two years (Fig. 1). If the contaminated water is discharged into the ocean, it will cause reputational damage to the fishing industry, and the environmental pollution. We are conducting to research to prevent it from happening. In the wake of the nuclear accident, the senior started water quality surveys at Chaya Marsh near the school. During the survey, they found (Chara braunii, Fig. 2), (Nitella axilliformis, Fig. 3), Closterium moniliferum (Fig. 4), and (Nostoc commune, Fig. 5).

本研究首先製作「蔬菜紙吸管」，其耐水性及吸飲功能不佳，改以海藻膠製作吸管，經歷多次改良後的「第三代海藻膠吸管」其質地近似塑膠吸管，但吸飲功能仍然不佳。接著，以海藻膠為膠著劑；紅茶粉為骨材，成功製作出耐水性、吸飲功能較佳且可散發紅茶香氣的「紅茶吸管」。提高添加紅茶粉之比例，能有效提升吸管硬度，可應用在飲料封口膜之戳入，在冰水、熱水中均可長時間維持吸飲功能，製作大口徑「紅茶吸管」，可輕易吸飲波霸珍珠，徹底解決吸飲波霸珍珠之難題。自製擠出成型機械，可控制出料速度維持穩定，在滑軌上以直線移動，可製作出粗細一致且筆直的吸管，最後試製綠茶、咖啡、檸檬等調味吸管，均會飄出天然原料之香氣，頗具商品化之潛力。

Based on NEA Waste Statistics and Overall Recycling Rate for 2017, 809,800 tonnes of food waste and 815,200 tonnes of plastic waste was generated. Both food waste and plastic waste account for more than 10% of the total waste generated in Singapore in 2017 respectively. However only 16% of the food waste and 6% of plastic waste was recycled, the rest of it was disposed at the incineration plants and then the landfill. Such action will eventually lead to 2 major environmental issues that Singapore will face in near future: 1)Semakau landfill is our only landfill left and it is expected to run out of space in near future 2)The burning of food waste results in the release of methane (CH4), a greenhouse gas that has over 25 times the impact in trapping excess heat in the atmosphere as compared to Carbon Dioxide (CO2). This will increase carbon footprint and contribute to greenhouse effect and global warming in due course. According to the Sustainable Singapore Blueprint 2015, Singapore is working towards becoming a Zero Waste Nation by reducing our consumption, reusing and recycling all materials. A national recycling rate target of 70% has been set for 2030 with an aim to increase domestic recycling rate from 20% in 2013 to 30% by 2030 and non-domestic recycling rate from 77% in 2013 to 81% by 2030. As part of our total commitment towards waste management and sustainability effort, the purpose of doing this research project is to investigate whether food waste can be recycled and made into biodegradable plastics. First of all, chitosan will be derived from shrimp shells and be dissolved in acetic acid and lactic acid produced by probiotic fermentation of fruit and/ or vegetable waste for synthesis of biodegradable plastics.

Our oceans, coasts, and estuaries are home to diverse living things. These organisms take many forms, from the tiniest single-celled plankton to the largest animal on Earth, the blue whale. Understanding the life cycles, habits, habitats, and inter-relationships of marine life contributes to our understanding of the planet as a whole. Human influence and reliance on these species, as well as changing environmental conditions, will determine the future health of these marine inhabitants Humans influence the whole environment even if they don’t notice , the growth of men and our increasing reproduction over the years results to an over consumption of nutritious products , which makes us exploit the wildlife more and more and in the same time take parts of its habitats for us to life in and throwing our non-needed materials in what’s left of the world. And that’s a big problem because the Eco-System was just fine before we started over exploiting it in a greedy and unreasonable manner, and since the ecosystem’s parts are related altogether in an ongoing circle , the absence or the destruction of one part of It may lead to the unbalance and even destruction of the whole organized system. And that’s why as humans, it is our first duty to take care of nature generally and both fauna and flora specifically, not because of a moral code of some kind; but to protect Humanity from ourselves, and to preserve the human kind from destruction and extinction. And that’s the main goal of our project, that’s to help us organize our fishing exploitative activities with how much can the environment handle from it.

鐵氧體是一種有特定晶體結構的複合氧化物，不溶於酸、鹼、鹽溶液和水。 鐵氧體法是目前較高效率、低成本處理六價鉻廢水的方法，該方法是利用亞鐵離子提供的電子將水溶液中的六價鉻還原成三價鉻，三價鉻取代鐵離子進入鐵氧體晶格後，形成鉻鐵氧體並沉澱。但在此過程中亞鐵離子只能提供一次電子，無法再次還原六價鉻。 目前已有文獻利用鐵氧體法達到99.68%的二鉻酸根去除率(1)。而在另一份文獻中指出，藉由亞鐵反應後形成的鐵離子與特定配體螯合，配體會釋出一個電子並使其再次還原成亞鐵離子(2)。根據這份文獻所指出的反應對鐵氧體法做出改良，進而達成亞鐵離子重複利用。目的是利用較少的亞鐵達到一樣甚至較高的去除率。 在我們的實驗中選擇了兩種配體。第一種是2,2'-聯吡啶，其是根據文獻的特定配體中選擇。第二種是乙二胺四乙酸二納，選擇它的理由是其對環境的危害較小。

大家好，我是國立臺灣師範大學附屬高級中學的呂宸昕，目前是高二，在2022醫療科技展中認識了明志科大劉定宇教授，並進入材料工程系的實驗室開始做實驗，看到學長姊處理基材結構的時候，就也決定投入SERS的研究，而我是選用昆蟲翅膀的仿生結構去做實驗，也將初步結果投稿到了國際期刊Polymers並且被接受刊登出來，非常感謝老師和教授協助。

本研究使用聚胺基甲酸酯海綿為基材，藉由在表面吸附石墨烯材料使海綿具有超疏水性，使其能從水中有效分離出油類，達到油水分離的效果。我們研究出簡易自製氧化石墨烯的方法，並使用自創的照紫外光乙醇法將其還原成還原氧化石墨烯，接著吸附在海綿上，再使用十三氟辛基三乙氧基矽烷修飾石墨烯海綿，使其鍵結上具有超疏水性官能基。藉由測量海綿表面與水珠間的接觸角，我們找出了製做超疏水性海綿的最佳條件，最終完成了矽烷修飾還原氧化石墨烯聚胺基甲酸酯海綿(FS-rGO-PU Sponge)。 本研究超疏水性海綿的製程簡易、成本低且符合綠色化學，同時具有單位體積吸油量大，可多次重複使用等優點，我們除了測試其對食用油、礦物油的回收能力，並製作成可連續分離油水的裝置，可應用在工業、家庭廢油及海上油汙的回收，甚至可做為空氣清淨機或排油煙機的濾網。

近年空氣品質已是居住環境與健康的指標，「細懸浮微粒」充斥在空氣中，造成過敏，增加肺癌的危險。本研究探討懸浮微粒在受到重力、空氣阻力與空氣浮力影響後，形成分層。並利用VPython軟體模擬不同大小的懸浮微粒(pm10、pm2.5與pm1.0)於空間中碰撞及受到空氣阻力產生能量衰減，藉此了解不同微粒之分層現象。再實作以居住樓層不同的垂直高度，設計組裝架設「懸浮微粒三維偵測器」及物聯網。以台灣中部地區，日益增加的空汙狀況下，模擬以台中火力發電廠為例，探討其風向、地理環境、以擴散模式理論模擬後，選定數棟建築物，監測每棟建築物地面上不同高度的空氣品質數值。最後監測數值自動上傳至物聯網雲端資料庫 ThingSpeak，並可於使用者端監測及取得測量數值；期許再利用機器學習及歷史累積的三維空氣品質資料，將來更優化預測空氣品質數值之成效。

"When the Well is Dry, we will know the Worth of Water." Most of 埃及 and the world suffers from water and petrol shortage. With the current consumption rate, two-thirds of the world's population may face water shortages by 2025. These are water pollution, overpopulation, and agriculture, leading to wastewater from landfills and pipes that seep into the ground and may pollute the water, making it unfit for human consumption and waste more water. Besides, some accidents happen to water distribution and irrigation systems, causing a significant loss in water. According to the ministry of water resources, in 2016, the need for freshwater is 67 billion cubic meters. On the other hand, 埃及 receives only 55 billion cubic meters (2.6 billion cubic meters of them evaporate during runoff). Also, one of the wasting water methods in modern irrigation systems is water leakage from pipes as the water transmission and distribution lose about 31% of the produced water due to pipe leakage. Besides, every day more than 3.3 billion liters of treated water – 20 percent of the nation's supply and 234 million liters a day more than a decade ago – are lost through leaking pipes in England and Wales. Many reasons lead to leakage in pipes like water pressure, clogs, and corrosion. The leakage in pipes does not exist in the lines of water only. Also, the pipes in a petrol can cause dangerous accidents like the accident in the Bahira government that led to the death of 6 people and made 19 in a dangerous state. Our project designed a system that can detect fluid leakage and deal with it fast to prevent the wasting of fluid by using sensors and electronic circuits. Our system provides us with information about the fluid (like the amount of the flowing fluid and its speed). Therefore, if there is a difference in the reads, we understand that there is a leakage in this region, and the system will automatically stop the fluid flowing through the pipes. the system will locate all the leakage sites and send them to the mobile app with the amount wasted and the actions taken.