Nowadays, cooling open spaces in hot seasons without using fossil fuels has gained a lot of attention. In this regard, natural air conditioning is a great method for conserving energy that can be used for reducing energy consumption and environmental pollution. Structures like windcatchers are used for natural air conditioning as a building component in warm climates since they are placed in the path of the wind and direct the wind to play a significant role in reducing the temperature. The main objective of the current study is to explore air conditioning in open spaces based on sustainable architecture. The current study reviews the relevant literature from credible journals, and it includes studies with relevant subjects published from 1851 to 2021. The findings show that implementing this design project can result in significant advances in terms of reducing humidity, removing dust and insects from the air, conserving energy, reducing the global temperature, using renewable energies, and producing conditioned air for the area

我們的研究是利用空氣盒子設計出一個裝置，用以觀察環境中懸浮微粒潮解膨脹現象。 我們觀察了由硝酸銨與硫酸銨各自以及不同比例與混合模式組成的懸浮微粒。純硝酸銨的潮解點不明顯，純硫酸銨有明顯的潮解點。內混合懸浮微粒有一個潮解點，並且出現3種類型的潮解行為，分別是偏向硝酸銨或硫酸銨以及過渡型，後者粒徑成長的比例會比前兩者來得高。外混合懸浮微粒有兩個潮解點，保留兩種成分各自的特性。 我們利用雨水觀察環境中懸浮微粒的潮解膨脹現象，將其與內混合懸浮微粒的潮解點與潮解行為做比較，來推估其成分與來源。確定我們的裝置能推估出主要的污染成分及來源。

矽元素因具有極高的理論電容和鋰攝取量(Li Uptake)而被認為是有潛力的鋰電池負極材料，然而該材料的特性使其在充放電時體積巨幅脹縮，造成結構碎裂，縮短了電池壽命。 本研究設計一套低耗能、低成本的製程，以現今台灣光伏產業大量難以回收之廢矽泥及鎂金屬為原料，將矽之粒徑縮小為奈米級以解決上述體積膨脹問題而成為極佳的鋰電池負極材料。 我們先將矽合成矽化鎂，再利用二氧化碳及氮氣的氧化還原反應製成多孔矽，隨後再利用創新的化學蝕刻法產出奈米矽。目前業界奈米矽的製備仍以高功率研磨為主，本研究首度使用銅離子、過氧化氫及氫氟酸作為蝕刻液，成功製造出平均粒徑100nm之負極材料。而過程中所使用的鎂粉可回收再使用，回收率高達94%，故幾乎無成本廢料排放，大幅降低當今鋰電池的生產成本，也落實防廢、再生、節能等綠色化學原則。

The lack of drinking water in human settlements triggers a series of problems that are linked and affect the development of humanity: health problems, lack of water security for companies, lack of jobs, insecurity, among others. We observe this problem in the communities of the municipality of Las Vigas de Ramírez, Veracruz, where there is a great problem with the water supply, although there is a high presence of mist. Faced with this situation, we undertook the task of investigating a water harvesting method that is easy to implement, operate and maintain. We investigated and analyzed the methods of mist condensation through physical barriers, finding that the polyethylene shadow mesh was the means to achieve this, because it allows the passage of the wind, it is very light, easy to manipulate and above all that it presents the phenomenon of percolation that allows water droplets of various diameters to be accommodated therein. We designed a device that allows to present a mist catchment area through a prismatic structure enabled with meshes and condensed water receivers, portable, easy to use and maintenance and very economical with a performance of 20 liters per day. To achieve our project, factors such as air humidity, dew point, wind speed and direction, height, temperatures and available spaces must be considered.

本研究利用自製包覆薄膜裝置，在濕粉圓表面包覆雙層海藻酸鈣薄膜(內層1.0%海藻酸鹽+外層0.5%海藻酸鹽)，經自然乾燥製成新型粉圓，可浸泡冷水不會崩解或破裂，且水分完全滲入粉圓內部僅需25分鐘；新型粉圓在泡水25分鐘後，其內部水分含量高達51.67%。新型粉圓要達到100%煮熟率之時間，僅乾粉圓的37.80%、濕粉圓的42.75%，省時效果十分明顯；而所消耗電能，僅乾粉圓的25.57%、濕粉圓的28.81%，節能效果極為顯著。新型粉圓經全質構分析(TPA)之彈性已達到商品化之水準，並經官能品評驗證，受試者對新型粉圓各項目之喜好程度均優於濕粉圓。最後，測試新型粉圓之水活性僅為0.684，其Aw值明顯低於一般微生物生長界限0.8，可在常溫下長時間貯存。

The research work is dedicated to analyzing the impact of disposable tableware and packages made from synthetic polymers on people and the environment, and the search for ecological alternatives to synthetic polymers used in their production. Various types of disposable tableware and packages, their composition, production technology, harmful effects on the human body, environmental pollution, processing and recycling were studied. The statistics of the use of disposable tableware and packages in Ukraine and the world as a whole, the places of their use were analyzed. Ecological alternatives to disposable tableware and packages made from various natural materials have been studied. A practical study of the use of organic waste and wastepaper for the production of ecological disposable dishes and packages was carried out.

Microplastics are tiny invisible plastic pieces that are piling up in the marine environment emerging as one of the many environmental issues which our planet is facing today. Researches for the removal of these particles are important because studies that have been made so far haven't come up with an effective solution. This project aimed to detect microplastics and remove them from aqueous environments with an effective and practical method then it was aimed to determine the removal amount of microplastics by optical measurements with the developed system. Firstly, the magnetic carbonanotubes (m-CNT) which is intended to hold onto the surfaces of microplastics was synthesized and added to the mixture of microplastics. Then the magnet within a glass tube was passed through the mixture and the sample was cleared of microplastics. A spectrometer was made to monitor this process and after its calibration, it was used to measure coffees with different concentrations. It has been shown that their concentrations can be determined by calculating the transmission values and Rayleigh scattering. In the end, it has shown that there are no micro or nano-sized plastic particles when removed with M-CNT, within the accountable range of the spectrometer that had been made. Hence the removal of the microplastics: an invisible threat for the environment has been studied by combining nanomaterials with unique surface properties in the removal process and an optical principle such as Rayleigh scattering, a new technique has been developed that can measure quickly, economically,

本研究目的主要是研發煙燻水製造機，第三代煙燻水製造機，採用稻梗燃燒室與噴霧式煙燻水產生室，製作並實驗說明煙燻水對農作物驅蟲、防疫、種子萌芽與肥力效果。結果顯示，第三代煙燻水製造機，生產之煙薰水品質穩定，且符合環保署空氣排放規定，其生成之煙燻水成分以氣相層析質譜儀檢測結果，共測得28種化合物，主要是醇、內酯、乙醛、酸、酮、生物鹼和酚類等。其中2(5H)-呋喃酮C4H4O2，可刺激小黃瓜種子萌發。酚類化合物C10H9N3O對抑制真菌生長有效，且在煙燻水添加甲殼素與鈣粉，有助於農作物幼苗成長。

厭氧生物反應較好氧處理系統，操作成本低、耗能低、少污泥，亦生成甲烷產能，可將污水轉換為能源生成。然而常溫菌(30-40°C)代謝活性陡降於15°C，也降低了COD去除率。因此，厭氧生物系統被應用於長年高溫的熱帶及亞熱帶地區，而非較高緯度地區。厭氧生物反應限制於溫度<15°C的環境如何維持COD去除率，進而導致厭氧系統難以全球廣泛應用。本研究採用額外添加的兩種酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisi 和Saccharomyces pastorianus)，觀察在低溫下可否有效提升厭氧系統溫度。而添加的酵母亦可藉由增加COD去除率，提升氣體產物CO2、CH4之產量。 在本研究中，於低溫控制厭氧生物系統添加酵母試驗 (1)反應槽系統溫度平均增加4.22°C (2) COD去除率增加9.99%，氣相CH4增加2.9%，CO2增加9.7%。於常溫操作添加酵母試驗 (3)氣相CH4增加8.7%，CO2增加6.2%，(4) COD去除率則增加3%。研究結果驗證於低溫及常溫環境，酵母發酵可有效促進酸化反應，進一步影響甲烷生成。而添加酵母於厭氧生物系統的操作，可有效提升COD去除率及甲烷含量。添加酵母於厭氧生物系統之操作有低成本、生成甲烷產能的優點，將可提升在稍高緯度國家的使用優勢。

本研究討論以酒精、沙拉油、飽和醋酸鈣溶液，尋找最佳酒精凝膠的穩定度，增加凝膠穩定度方法：(1)密閉系統，(2)飽和醋酸鈣溶液：酒精以1：5的比例，(3)添加沙拉油時，穩定度會下降，但添加使用過的廢油時，穩定度會增加。 沙拉油或回收廢油皆無法直接點燃做為燃料，但若溶入酒精凝膠中，則可製成再生固體燃料，本研究結論：回收廢油10克、酒精10 mL、飽和醋酸鈣溶液2 mL，於室溫經簡單混合，就可製得燃燒效能與市售酒精塊相仿、大於200 cal/ g的自製固體燃料；若是成分較簡單的回收廢油，除酒精及飽和醋酸溶液，若再添加適量硬脂酸亦可製得固體燃料。本研究讓「回收廢油」產生新的再利用的機會，對環境、綠能有所貢獻。