環境工程

厭氧生物反應較好氧處理系統，操作成本低、耗能低、少污泥，亦生成甲烷產能，可將污水轉換為能源生成。然而常溫菌(30-40°C)代謝活性陡降於15°C，也降低了COD去除率。因此，厭氧生物系統被應用於長年高溫的熱帶及亞熱帶地區，而非較高緯度地區。厭氧生物反應限制於溫度<15°C的環境如何維持COD去除率，進而導致厭氧系統難以全球廣泛應用。本研究採用額外添加的兩種酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisi 和Saccharomyces pastorianus)，觀察在低溫下可否有效提升厭氧系統溫度。而添加的酵母亦可藉由增加COD去除率，提升氣體產物CO2、CH4之產量。 在本研究中，於低溫控制厭氧生物系統添加酵母試驗 (1)反應槽系統溫度平均增加4.22°C (2) COD去除率增加9.99%，氣相CH4增加2.9%，CO2增加9.7%。於常溫操作添加酵母試驗 (3)氣相CH4增加8.7%，CO2增加6.2%，(4) COD去除率則增加3%。研究結果驗證於低溫及常溫環境，酵母發酵可有效促進酸化反應，進一步影響甲烷生成。而添加酵母於厭氧生物系統的操作，可有效提升COD去除率及甲烷含量。添加酵母於厭氧生物系統之操作有低成本、生成甲烷產能的優點，將可提升在稍高緯度國家的使用優勢。

本研究目的是為了更了解海藻膠製成的膠膜於食品包裝的應用。我們將此膠膜命名為新型環保非塑性保鮮膜。實驗顯示，環保非塑性保鮮膜的成功取決於甘油和醋酸的關鍵比例成份。我們以適當比例的甘油，醋酸和海藻膠糊液，能夠控制薄膜的流動性和柔軟性。藉由透明度、穿刺強度、拉伸強度和伸長率的物理性能測試，我們的研究證明，新型保鮮膜具有初步商品化之水準。環保非塑性保鮮膜之水活性值遠小於0.6。在實際應用上，「自製新型保鮮膜」包裝功能特性、包裝視覺效果甚佳，並具備優良的冷藏保鮮效果，而且不用擔心因保鮮膜接觸油脂、蒸煮或微波加熱處理所衍生的食安問題。「自製新型保鮮膜」之水活性值遠小於0.6，因此，常溫下具有相當好的貯藏性。最後，經3週掩埋測試，證明「自製新型保鮮膜」之腐敗性甚佳，是一種對環境十分友善的環保材質。

The lack of drinking water in human settlements triggers a series of problems that are linked and affect the development of humanity: health problems, lack of water security for companies, lack of jobs, insecurity, among others. We observe this problem in the communities of the municipality of Las Vigas de Ramírez, Veracruz, where there is a great problem with the water supply, although there is a high presence of mist. Faced with this situation, we undertook the task of investigating a water harvesting method that is easy to implement, operate and maintain. We investigated and analyzed the methods of mist condensation through physical barriers, finding that the polyethylene shadow mesh was the means to achieve this, because it allows the passage of the wind, it is very light, easy to manipulate and above all that it presents the phenomenon of percolation that allows water droplets of various diameters to be accommodated therein. We designed a device that allows to present a mist catchment area through a prismatic structure enabled with meshes and condensed water receivers, portable, easy to use and maintenance and very economical with a performance of 20 liters per day. To achieve our project, factors such as air humidity, dew point, wind speed and direction, height, temperatures and available spaces must be considered.

路燈若變壓器損壞，會連同高效率LED晶片被丟棄，就像勞斯萊斯的引擎壞了就整台廢棄。本作品思考如何回收LED良品，改造成「不需要」變壓器也能發揮高功率路燈LED的強光照明並長時間使用。 用a-IGZO取代電阻器，從已發表的論文知a-IGZO經紫外線或藍光激活後，有超過一天以上的持久性光電流，可讓LED有更好的發光效率，路燈LED發藍光，且適合放在玄關入口照得到紫外光激活可持續到晚上。LED需要直流偏壓3.7V下工作，用110V交流電除了電壓相差太大，也有閃爍問題。我們巧妙利用路燈LED是集成晶片，經設計可在交流電變換極性時都有LED亮著，再用擴散片(從液晶螢幕拆下)將光弄勻，讓燈看起來是恆亮，材料成本僅需一元(電阻器)。回收再製後，可用在大門入口或走廊下長時間照明，環保愛地球省電省錢。利用Arduino設計監測模組並用wifi傳回數據，可長時間觀測，證明可行。

Microplastics are tiny invisible plastic pieces that are piling up in the marine environment emerging as one of the many environmental issues which our planet is facing today. Researches for the removal of these particles are important because studies that have been made so far haven't come up with an effective solution. This project aimed to detect microplastics and remove them from aqueous environments with an effective and practical method then it was aimed to determine the removal amount of microplastics by optical measurements with the developed system. Firstly, the magnetic carbonanotubes (m-CNT) which is intended to hold onto the surfaces of microplastics was synthesized and added to the mixture of microplastics. Then the magnet within a glass tube was passed through the mixture and the sample was cleared of microplastics. A spectrometer was made to monitor this process and after its calibration, it was used to measure coffees with different concentrations. It has been shown that their concentrations can be determined by calculating the transmission values and Rayleigh scattering. In the end, it has shown that there are no micro or nano-sized plastic particles when removed with M-CNT, within the accountable range of the spectrometer that had been made. Hence the removal of the microplastics: an invisible threat for the environment has been studied by combining nanomaterials with unique surface properties in the removal process and an optical principle such as Rayleigh scattering, a new technique has been developed that can measure quickly, economically,

The lack of drinking water in human settlements triggers a series of problems that are linked and affect the development of humanity: health problems, lack of water security for companies, lack of jobs, insecurity, among others. We observe this problem in the communities of the municipality of Las Vigas de Ramírez, Veracruz, where there is a great problem with the water supply, although there is a high presence of mist. Faced with this situation, we undertook the task of investigating a water harvesting method that is easy to implement, operate and maintain. We investigated and analyzed the methods of mist condensation through physical barriers, finding that the polyethylene shadow mesh was the means to achieve this, because it allows the passage of the wind, it is very light, easy to manipulate and above all that it presents the phenomenon of percolation that allows water droplets of various diameters to be accommodated therein. We designed a device that allows to present a mist catchment area through a prismatic structure enabled with meshes and condensed water receivers, portable, easy to use and maintenance and very economical with a performance of 20 liters per day. To achieve our project, factors such as air humidity, dew point, wind speed and direction, height, temperatures and available spaces must be considered.

Microplastics are tiny invisible plastic pieces that are piling up in the marine environment emerging as one of the many environmental issues which our planet is facing today. Researches for the removal of these particles are important because studies that have been made so far haven't come up with an effective solution. This project aimed to detect microplastics and remove them from aqueous environments with an effective and practical method then it was aimed to determine the removal amount of microplastics by optical measurements with the developed system. Firstly, the magnetic carbonanotubes (m-CNT) which is intended to hold onto the surfaces of microplastics was synthesized and added to the mixture of microplastics. Then the magnet within a glass tube was passed through the mixture and the sample was cleared of microplastics. A spectrometer was made to monitor this process and after its calibration, it was used to measure coffees with different concentrations. It has been shown that their concentrations can be determined by calculating the transmission values and Rayleigh scattering. In the end, it has shown that there are no micro or nano-sized plastic particles when removed with M-CNT, within the accountable range of the spectrometer that had been made. Hence the removal of the microplastics: an invisible threat for the environment has been studied by combining nanomaterials with unique surface properties in the removal process and an optical principle such as Rayleigh scattering, a new technique has been developed that can measure quickly, economically,

Nowadays, cooling open spaces in hot seasons without using fossil fuels has gained a lot of attention. In this regard, natural air conditioning is a great method for conserving energy that can be used for reducing energy consumption and environmental pollution. Structures like windcatchers are used for natural air conditioning as a building component in warm climates since they are placed in the path of the wind and direct the wind to play a significant role in reducing the temperature. The main objective of the current study is to explore air conditioning in open spaces based on sustainable architecture. The current study reviews the relevant literature from credible journals, and it includes studies with relevant subjects published from 1851 to 2021. The findings show that implementing this design project can result in significant advances in terms of reducing humidity, removing dust and insects from the air, conserving energy, reducing the global temperature, using renewable energies, and producing conditioned air for the area

Nowadays, cooling open spaces in hot seasons without using fossil fuels has gained a lot of attention. In this regard, natural air conditioning is a great method for conserving energy that can be used for reducing energy consumption and environmental pollution. Structures like windcatchers are used for natural air conditioning as a building component in warm climates since they are placed in the path of the wind and direct the wind to play a significant role in reducing the temperature. The main objective of the current study is to explore air conditioning in open spaces based on sustainable architecture. The current study reviews the relevant literature from credible journals, and it includes studies with relevant subjects published from 1851 to 2021. The findings show that implementing this design project can result in significant advances in terms of reducing humidity, removing dust and insects from the air, conserving energy, reducing the global temperature, using renewable energies, and producing conditioned air for the area

本研究討論以酒精、沙拉油、飽和醋酸鈣溶液，尋找最佳酒精凝膠的穩定度，增加凝膠穩定度方法：(1)密閉系統，(2)飽和醋酸鈣溶液：酒精以1：5的比例，(3)添加沙拉油時，穩定度會下降，但添加使用過的廢油時，穩定度會增加。 沙拉油或回收廢油皆無法直接點燃做為燃料，但若溶入酒精凝膠中，則可製成再生固體燃料，本研究結論：回收廢油10克、酒精10 mL、飽和醋酸鈣溶液2 mL，於室溫經簡單混合，就可製得燃燒效能與市售酒精塊相仿、大於200 cal/ g的自製固體燃料；若是成分較簡單的回收廢油，除酒精及飽和醋酸溶液，若再添加適量硬脂酸亦可製得固體燃料。本研究讓「回收廢油」產生新的再利用的機會，對環境、綠能有所貢獻。