環境工程

本研究以不同微生物發酵方式(EM菌(Effective Microerganisms)、枯草桿菌(Bacillus subtilis)、蔡十八菌、木黴菌(Trichoderma))養殖蚯蚓，並固定牛糞、紙污泥與太空包與其他輔料(米糠、蔗渣、果皮、腐葉)成分(原料來自雲林縣工、農業廢棄物)，並用本土種的掘穴環爪蚓(Perionyx excavates)分解，以室內分層式堆肥採收蚓糞，再用機械篩選出高純度蚓糞；以雲林縣農作物：小白菜(西螺鎮)、香瓜(二崙鄉)、番茄(口湖鄉)為實驗作物，探討蚓糞當有機肥，作物生長與甜度變化；並將蚓糞與剩料(純度較低)運用於雞場除臭功能，經實驗結果顯示，蚓糞用於農作物與除臭皆有顯著的效果呈現。

ARC Generator is a acronym for Alternating Rotational Convertor. The purpose of the generator is to convert rotational motion into an alternating current. What makes this generator unique from other generators is that it uses a combination of aspects from rotational as well as linear generators. The A.R.C Generator is a experiment to generate electricity in new ways, potentially opening new doors in the area of electrical generation. The final goals for the ARC Generator project are to: 1. Make a electrical generator that is unique compared to other types of generators. 2. Make a hydro power based generator that is simple as well as affordable for private use. The generator itself is split into four distinct parts: • The channels • The inner chamber • The core • The coils

本研究改良傳統密閉式迴流法耗時、耗能、耗材的缺點，利用自製簡易微型微波迴流裝置，開發具有六大優點之震盪微波法。此檢測方法可一次進行多項實驗，不僅操作方便〈只需一人操作〉，快速〈傳統密閉式迴流法需2小時，震盪微波法只需震盪20分鐘、微波1分鐘〉，省能〈傳統法需耗電1.396度，震盪微波法只需耗電0.0067度〉，低汙染〈傳統法所需之重鉻酸鉀為10ml，震盪微波法只需5ml〉，且最經濟實惠〈傳統法需耗費2.932元，震盪微波法只需約0.014元〉。除此之外，此項裝置可適用於一般家用微波爐，不必在微波爐上打洞，利用極性分子吸收微波的特性，使系統具有選擇性，讓冷卻用的乾冰能夠重複使用。總而言之，此一裝置簡易方便，可做為及時檢測COD值之簡單裝置。

Pests can ruin every healthy tree’s crop within 10-15 days. This huge loss can only be detected at harvest season. If the pests have already got inside the fruits or the fruits had fallen down prior to the time of harvest. If pest-control is unconscious, 50-75% loss may occur. In Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg county the most common fruit production is apple. Codling moth can cause significant damage to the crops. Codling moths damage the apple directly and they are expected during the whole year. If there are signs of any nuisance we are not able to protect the crops anymore, because in this case they protect themselves from chemicals. The most important part of protection against pests is prevention. Protection can be successful thanks to insects killers and expert’s prognosis. Pheromone traps developed against wrong-doers are very practical. They are easy to use, but the problem is that the manufacturer has to check these traps repeatedly to find out about the infection, and when one has to spray the trees with the right chemicals.

As our planet suffers the effects of climate change, it is only a matter of time before society will have to centre all aspects of development around sustainability. In the past, clean solutions for transportation have been dismissed due to the higher cost, and lower efficiency than fossil fuels. However, in the past few decades, there has been a steep decline in solar module cost, and and a steady climb towards higher efficiency. From my findings in this project, I have concluded that we are now at a point where we can embrace the clean, renewable potential which our sun offers. I have created and tested a proof-of concept electric vehicle (Solar EV), which can run indefinitely during daylight hours, provided sunny conditions. There are several mechanical features of my project which highlight the potential that renewable energy in transportation can have. Firstly the vehicle’s 500W motor is powered by 3 100W solar modules, and 3 50W modules, for a total of 450W or power generation. This means that when driving at anything less than 90% throttle, the Solar EV can run continuously without needing to stop to charge or refuel. Another design mechanism installed in the vehicle are three 12V lead acid batteries. These batteries allow the Solar EV to be powered for over 1.5 hours, which is useful during cloudy conditions, night, and most importantly, when driving through areas of shade. A unique efficiency component designed into my vehicle is the linear actuator I installed into the module racking system. This design element allows the tilt of the modules to be altered, to maximize the efficiency of the solar module array. At early or late hours of the day, it can be heavily tilted with the press toggle switch, or kept at a relatively flat level when the sun is the highest in the sky. I ran a series of trials to figure out whether or not the theoretical data matches up with the experimental results. After my series of trials, the bike was yet to run out of power. The solar vehicle reaches speeds up to 32 km/h, however comfortably glides at around 25 km/h. The linear actuator I installed allows the solar modules’ tilt to change . During different times of day or year, the sun is at different heights in the sky, however it is very important to maximize the solar potential. With the press of a switch, the module can be actuated to account for this. Lastly, regenerative braking captures the energy from braking. Using the reversible nature of a DC motor with a specialized motor controller responding to feedback from the brake actuators allows the vehicle to reuse energy that would otherwise be wasted as heat.

We are conducting research for the purpose of treating contaminated water generated by the nuclear accident with C.moliniferum. In previous research, the school seniors examined whether there is a difference in absorption by changing the wavelength of the LED to establish efficient Sr2+ absorption conditions. As a result, the red wavelength was found to be effective for the efficient Sr2+ absorption of C. moniliferum. Therefore, in this study, in order to verify how much Sr is actually absorbed into the cell, the amount of Sr absorption using an atomic absorption photometer is quantified, and the previous research has shown that red is effective for the efficient Sr2+ absorption. The wavelength was considered to be effective because of photosynthesis, and was observed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) using the photosynthesis inhibitor (DCMU). As a result, it was clarified that C. moniliferum absorbs Sr intracellularly, and photosynthesis was related to absorption.

本研究首先製作「蔬菜紙吸管」，其耐水性及吸飲功能不佳，改以海藻膠製作吸管，經歷多次改良後的「第三代海藻膠吸管」其質地近似塑膠吸管，但吸飲功能仍然不佳。接著，以海藻膠為膠著劑；紅茶粉為骨材，成功製作出耐水性、吸飲功能較佳且可散發紅茶香氣的「紅茶吸管」。提高添加紅茶粉之比例，能有效提升吸管硬度，可應用在飲料封口膜之戳入，在冰水、熱水中均可長時間維持吸飲功能，製作大口徑「紅茶吸管」，可輕易吸飲波霸珍珠，徹底解決吸飲波霸珍珠之難題。自製擠出成型機械，可控制出料速度維持穩定，在滑軌上以直線移動，可製作出粗細一致且筆直的吸管，最後試製綠茶、咖啡、檸檬等調味吸管，均會飄出天然原料之香氣，頗具商品化之潛力。

Based on NEA Waste Statistics and Overall Recycling Rate for 2017, 809,800 tonnes of food waste and 815,200 tonnes of plastic waste was generated. Both food waste and plastic waste account for more than 10% of the total waste generated in Singapore in 2017 respectively. However only 16% of the food waste and 6% of plastic waste was recycled, the rest of it was disposed at the incineration plants and then the landfill. Such action will eventually lead to 2 major environmental issues that Singapore will face in near future: 1)Semakau landfill is our only landfill left and it is expected to run out of space in near future 2)The burning of food waste results in the release of methane (CH4), a greenhouse gas that has over 25 times the impact in trapping excess heat in the atmosphere as compared to Carbon Dioxide (CO2). This will increase carbon footprint and contribute to greenhouse effect and global warming in due course. According to the Sustainable Singapore Blueprint 2015, Singapore is working towards becoming a Zero Waste Nation by reducing our consumption, reusing and recycling all materials. A national recycling rate target of 70% has been set for 2030 with an aim to increase domestic recycling rate from 20% in 2013 to 30% by 2030 and non-domestic recycling rate from 77% in 2013 to 81% by 2030. As part of our total commitment towards waste management and sustainability effort, the purpose of doing this research project is to investigate whether food waste can be recycled and made into biodegradable plastics. First of all, chitosan will be derived from shrimp shells and be dissolved in acetic acid and lactic acid produced by probiotic fermentation of fruit and/ or vegetable waste for synthesis of biodegradable plastics.

本研究使用聚胺基甲酸酯海綿為基材，藉由在表面吸附石墨烯材料使海綿具有超疏水性，使其能從水中有效分離出油類，達到油水分離的效果。我們研究出簡易自製氧化石墨烯的方法，並使用自創的照紫外光乙醇法將其還原成還原氧化石墨烯，接著吸附在海綿上，再使用十三氟辛基三乙氧基矽烷修飾石墨烯海綿，使其鍵結上具有超疏水性官能基。藉由測量海綿表面與水珠間的接觸角，我們找出了製做超疏水性海綿的最佳條件，最終完成了矽烷修飾還原氧化石墨烯聚胺基甲酸酯海綿(FS-rGO-PU Sponge)。 本研究超疏水性海綿的製程簡易、成本低且符合綠色化學，同時具有單位體積吸油量大，可多次重複使用等優點，我們除了測試其對食用油、礦物油的回收能力，並製作成可連續分離油水的裝置，可應用在工業、家庭廢油及海上油汙的回收，甚至可做為空氣清淨機或排油煙機的濾網。

鐵氧體是一種有特定晶體結構的複合氧化物，不溶於酸、鹼、鹽溶液和水。 鐵氧體法是目前較高效率、低成本處理六價鉻廢水的方法，該方法是利用亞鐵離子提供的電子將水溶液中的六價鉻還原成三價鉻，三價鉻取代鐵離子進入鐵氧體晶格後，形成鉻鐵氧體並沉澱。但在此過程中亞鐵離子只能提供一次電子，無法再次還原六價鉻。 目前已有文獻利用鐵氧體法達到99.68%的二鉻酸根去除率(1)。而在另一份文獻中指出，藉由亞鐵反應後形成的鐵離子與特定配體螯合，配體會釋出一個電子並使其再次還原成亞鐵離子(2)。根據這份文獻所指出的反應對鐵氧體法做出改良，進而達成亞鐵離子重複利用。目的是利用較少的亞鐵達到一樣甚至較高的去除率。 在我們的實驗中選擇了兩種配體。第一種是2,2'-聯吡啶，其是根據文獻的特定配體中選擇。第二種是乙二胺四乙酸二納，選擇它的理由是其對環境的危害較小。