環境工程

Pests can ruin every healthy tree’s crop within 10-15 days. This huge loss can only be detected at harvest season. If the pests have already got inside the fruits or the fruits had fallen down prior to the time of harvest. If pest-control is unconscious, 50-75% loss may occur. In Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg county the most common fruit production is apple. Codling moth can cause significant damage to the crops. Codling moths damage the apple directly and they are expected during the whole year. If there are signs of any nuisance we are not able to protect the crops anymore, because in this case they protect themselves from chemicals. The most important part of protection against pests is prevention. Protection can be successful thanks to insects killers and expert’s prognosis. Pheromone traps developed against wrong-doers are very practical. They are easy to use, but the problem is that the manufacturer has to check these traps repeatedly to find out about the infection, and when one has to spray the trees with the right chemicals.

Nowadays Electric energy is the most useful in the world because we use it every day for lightening, work, entertainment ext … but electric energy also can be expensive and it will pollute the air plus we all know that the air pollution is getting worse. Our world consumes a huge amount of electric energy . Also we know that the homelessness is getting higher all around the globe and it reached a high percentage. The high price and the sudden cut of the electric energy and with it the air pollution makes a big problem. That’s why we created this project named TURN ON which is a friend of the environment and a friend of the humans. Our product will help us to produce and create strong, clean and renewable energy plus it will help the homeless to have free food and free transport tickets. After doing a lot of researches we found that our new method of producing energy gives a great electric energy and limit pollution. The kinetic energy is produced using rotations. That’s why we used the rotations of motorbikes, bicycles, cars wheels and turn that mechanical energy (wm) into electrical energy (we) that we can easily use in our daily life plus we can help homeless by giving them food widgets… in exchange with the electrical energy that they produced while using bicycles…After performing several tests and taking notes, we are able to conclude that our apparatus is indeed efficient as it is able to convert the rotation into electronic energy that we can store and use in emergencies to solve this big problem and in the same time to limit air pollution with using bicycles and reducing hunger regarding homeless. This machine should be easy to implement, cheap, does not depend on any other parameters such as the wind. Any rotation in any place can be a source of Electrical Energy. To facilitate the use of this new device, A START UP will be launched to rent electric bikes for “free”, distribute free food, snacks, tickets to homeless regarding to the energy production.

一般日常使用的電池雖是重要的供電來源，但在使用後也產生了許多的廢電池，造成環境汙染的問題。本實驗探討回收廢電池製成空氣電池的可行性，所謂的空氣電池是以空氣發電的一種電池，其負極為金屬，正極則是直接使用空氣中的氧氣。我們知道廢電池中所包含鋅殼、碳棒以及黑色粉末，其中黑色粉末內含有氧化錳與電解質，而電解質可溶於水，於是我們將其泡水過濾分離出氧化錳，然後將碳棒搗碎與得到的氧化錳混和製成正極。而鋅殼可作為負極。運用以上處理方法，我們成功的處理掉廢電池中大部分的廢棄物。 效能的研究方面我們改變了4個變因： 1. 正極反應物之碳與氧化錳的比例 2. 加熱純化氧化錳的溫度 3. 以不同金屬製成一次性電池 4. 改變電解液種類與濃度 分別得到以下的結果： 1. 碳粉0.8g加氧化錳1.2g時的反應最佳 2. 以300°C加熱可產生最多的二氧化錳讓反應較佳 3. 鋅可放電最久，高達19小時 4. 6MKOH中可產生最好的效能 此次實驗利用簡單的處理加工，將原本的廢棄物轉變成可以再次使用的能源，把這個技術做到最好，就是所謂的「循環材料高值化技術」。如果能夠擴大生產技術及回收流程成的速度，便可以發展成一個綠色能源。

中藥一直存有重金屬汙染的疑慮，而目前檢驗這些可疑重金屬的儀器與技術皆需耗費大量金錢與時間，因此研發出簡便快速的偵測工具極為迫切。本研究目的是利用基因轉殖的大腸桿菌，偵測出中草藥內的重金屬。 實驗結果顯示，利用含有銅離子基因轉殖的大腸桿菌，偵測7種常見的中藥材浸膏，除了黃岑之外，其他6種中藥材內可偵測到銅離子，並且具有定量的螢光表現。其中，研究發現由於黃岑本身會有吸附銅離子的現象，因此利用螯合劑EDTA來解決此問題。結果顯示，螯合劑不會影響大腸桿菌的正常代謝，但能成功地將銅離子搶出並誘導細菌產生螢光。最後利用螢光顯微鏡觀察，發現深色的中藥並不會影響大腸桿菌的螢光表現。 未來期望可將本研究初步成果，做更進一步的研究，除了能合成更多不同基因的大腸桿菌，以偵測不同種類的重金屬外，還製成便宜且方便使用的重金屬生物感測器產品，方便民眾檢驗手中的中草藥材，確保所使用的中草藥之安全性。

The lifestyle of the Arunachal Pradesh rural population demonstrates the example of sustainable living where bamboo plays a major role. Bamboo has its home in this tropical climate region of India. In order to understand various aspects of traditional bamboo constructions, a field visit was made to Rono, Emchi, Lekhi villages and Karsingsa, Pachin, NEEPCO areas. The paper studies the patterns affecting the housing styles of these regions, the traditional method of construction including bamboo treatments. Various parameters which are required to be considered for constructing a house are also studied. It has been found in the field survey that the utilization of bamboo is mostly in wall panels, columns, floor, door and windows. The question posed here is whether tradition houses perform better than a typical contemporary house in creating comfortable internal conditions. And if they do how it is possible for the contemporary house to benefit from the advantages presented in the design of the traditional house in terms of thermal performance. The results indicate that improved performance might be achieved by combining selected lessons from the traditional design e.g. improved shading, regional variations in window size related to orientation and adoption of adjustable ventilation and window openings.

ARC Generator is a acronym for Alternating Rotational Convertor. The purpose of the generator is to convert rotational motion into an alternating current. What makes this generator unique from other generators is that it uses a combination of aspects from rotational as well as linear generators. The A.R.C Generator is a experiment to generate electricity in new ways, potentially opening new doors in the area of electrical generation. The final goals for the ARC Generator project are to: 1. Make a electrical generator that is unique compared to other types of generators. 2. Make a hydro power based generator that is simple as well as affordable for private use. The generator itself is split into four distinct parts: • The channels • The inner chamber • The core • The coils

本研究在於製造出一顆環保並可回收利用的電池，在顧及環保的同時，也要有更多經濟與日常的考量。 在電解液方面：藉由添加植物肥料中常見的含氮、磷元素之化合物，及金屬離子以產生氧化還原反應來獲得電動勢，如此一來，電池使用完畢後，還能將剩餘的電解液做為肥料來為植物施肥。 在電極方面：在政府教育的推廣下，使用後的乾電池都必須要進行回收以免破壞生態。據此，我們進一步從廢棄乾電池中取出電極部分並作為環保電池的電極運用，如此一來便能使廢棄乾電池重獲新生。 在外殼方面：我們利用可生物分解的甘蔗渣吸管為包覆材質。 我們已自製成功可產生約1.5 V的環保電池，後續將發完電的電池做為肥料並用來使植物茁壯成長，未來若能取代現有乾電池，那麼對於廢棄電池造成的環境汙染，將具有極大的改善效益。

本研究以不同微生物發酵方式(EM菌(Effective Microerganisms)、枯草桿菌(Bacillus subtilis)、蔡十八菌、木黴菌(Trichoderma))養殖蚯蚓，並固定牛糞、紙污泥與太空包與其他輔料(米糠、蔗渣、果皮、腐葉)成分(原料來自雲林縣工、農業廢棄物)，並用本土種的掘穴環爪蚓(Perionyx excavates)分解，以室內分層式堆肥採收蚓糞，再用機械篩選出高純度蚓糞；以雲林縣農作物：小白菜(西螺鎮)、香瓜(二崙鄉)、番茄(口湖鄉)為實驗作物，探討蚓糞當有機肥，作物生長與甜度變化；並將蚓糞與剩料(純度較低)運用於雞場除臭功能，經實驗結果顯示，蚓糞用於農作物與除臭皆有顯著的效果呈現。

As our planet suffers the effects of climate change, it is only a matter of time before society will have to centre all aspects of development around sustainability. In the past, clean solutions for transportation have been dismissed due to the higher cost, and lower efficiency than fossil fuels. However, in the past few decades, there has been a steep decline in solar module cost, and and a steady climb towards higher efficiency. From my findings in this project, I have concluded that we are now at a point where we can embrace the clean, renewable potential which our sun offers. I have created and tested a proof-of concept electric vehicle (Solar EV), which can run indefinitely during daylight hours, provided sunny conditions. There are several mechanical features of my project which highlight the potential that renewable energy in transportation can have. Firstly the vehicle’s 500W motor is powered by 3 100W solar modules, and 3 50W modules, for a total of 450W or power generation. This means that when driving at anything less than 90% throttle, the Solar EV can run continuously without needing to stop to charge or refuel. Another design mechanism installed in the vehicle are three 12V lead acid batteries. These batteries allow the Solar EV to be powered for over 1.5 hours, which is useful during cloudy conditions, night, and most importantly, when driving through areas of shade. A unique efficiency component designed into my vehicle is the linear actuator I installed into the module racking system. This design element allows the tilt of the modules to be altered, to maximize the efficiency of the solar module array. At early or late hours of the day, it can be heavily tilted with the press toggle switch, or kept at a relatively flat level when the sun is the highest in the sky. I ran a series of trials to figure out whether or not the theoretical data matches up with the experimental results. After my series of trials, the bike was yet to run out of power. The solar vehicle reaches speeds up to 32 km/h, however comfortably glides at around 25 km/h. The linear actuator I installed allows the solar modules’ tilt to change . During different times of day or year, the sun is at different heights in the sky, however it is very important to maximize the solar potential. With the press of a switch, the module can be actuated to account for this. Lastly, regenerative braking captures the energy from braking. Using the reversible nature of a DC motor with a specialized motor controller responding to feedback from the brake actuators allows the vehicle to reuse energy that would otherwise be wasted as heat.

We are conducting research for the purpose of treating contaminated water generated by the nuclear accident with C.moliniferum. In previous research, the school seniors examined whether there is a difference in absorption by changing the wavelength of the LED to establish efficient Sr2+ absorption conditions. As a result, the red wavelength was found to be effective for the efficient Sr2+ absorption of C. moniliferum. Therefore, in this study, in order to verify how much Sr is actually absorbed into the cell, the amount of Sr absorption using an atomic absorption photometer is quantified, and the previous research has shown that red is effective for the efficient Sr2+ absorption. The wavelength was considered to be effective because of photosynthesis, and was observed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) using the photosynthesis inhibitor (DCMU). As a result, it was clarified that C. moniliferum absorbs Sr intracellularly, and photosynthesis was related to absorption.