環境工程

The purpose of this research is to make an ecological insecticide that mixes the extracts of Piper tuberculatum, Annona muricata and Melia azedarach, that together in application cause mortality and repellence of the mosquito Aedes aegypti with the intention to help in the control of the diseases this mosquito is guilty of: dengue, zika and chikungunya, and decrease the risk of infection by a safe and organic way.

全球性氣候變遷，一般的種植常因無法順應調節而產生病害，合併蟲害傳染時更須使用化學農藥。現今新興的農業設施有溫室栽培、魚菜共生及植物工廠等，但仍存在著介質控管、溫濕度控制及成本過高等問題。 本研究自行設計製作「植物箱」，運用替代光源及冷熱蒸散原理，模擬取代自然環境中之最佳光照、溫度與溼度，建立適宜植物生長的環境。實驗結果顯示：一、T5燈管能模擬陽光的輻射熱能和光度，配合紅藍光比例及定時器，可控制光照時間及取代陽光照射。二、水冷機控制貯水槽溫度，結合風扇向上吹送，有助水氣蒸發與凝結，達到溫度控制。三、溼度控制器結合風扇向下吹送，有助水氣吹送，形成循環對流，達到溼度控制。四、自製密合及低功率的「植物箱」為智能環控，可避免病蟲害及農藥的使用。 在未來可創造極大的經濟價值，以更節能環保的方式與地球永續共存。

本文研究轉換二氧化碳成為替代能源，介紹運用太陽能源，以SnS2及光觸媒進行CO2還原反應，以產生碳氫和碳氫氧化合物。我們以溶劑熱法配置SnS2，過程中藉由加入不同重量百分比例的銅(0, 0.5, 1, 5, 10 wt.%)探討銅的添加對於觸媒的影響：能隙縮短、底面為從六角形至四邊形晶體結構、吸收光範圍延伸至可見光之域。以活性測試探討其綜合性能，結果呈現1 wt.%銅修飾的SnS2光觸媒有最高CO2轉換效率，且產物單一為乙醛。未來希望藉由研究最佳銅修飾的比例，以改良二硫化錫光觸媒的吸光特性、減少電子電洞對復合，並進一步增加其量子轉換效率、增加產量。

The study aims to evaluate the technique of extracting water from humid air using solar energy through greenhouses in local areas. This technique is believed to provide limited amount of water in areas where potable water is not accessible or abundant. To solve this problem a pyramid-shaped device was designed, it is made of glass panels ad equipped with glass doors, fans operated by solar energy, and multiple shelves covered with fabric to act as Absorbent Calcium Chloride (CaCl2) with a 30% concentration. The doors are open during the night for absorption and closed during the day for energy-generating. Humidity, temperature, and atmospheric pressure are measured every two hours. The amount of water extracted in this area in one full day was around 3.0 liters a day for every square meter. Perhaps the limited amount of water is due to low level of humidity in the area: an average of 50% and temperature of F10 Celsius at night. However, the device itself is independent, does not need power sources, water sources, or infrastructure, can be installed in various places depending on humidity level as well as having the possibility of increasing number or size of device. This makes the device a promising, alternative and environmental friendly solution to produce water. Cost-effective and lighter material can be used to make the device, which will produce an easy-to-use and affordable devices. It is an area in need for further research to improve and further develop it.

There is currently an interest in developing supercapacitors as the booming of smartphones and other mobile electric devices. Despite offering key performance advantages, many capacitors pose significant environmental hazards once disposed. They often contain fluorine, sulfur, toxic transition metal and cyanide groups, which are harmful if discarded by using conventional landfill or incineration methods. The objective of this project is to find an environmentally benign alternative for building various key components of supercapacitors structures. From the electrolyte, carbon substrate and materials corresponding for Faradic reaction, all the materials were devised from renewable biomass. In our research, two novel designs of betanin/sulfonated carbon supercapacitor and quinone/sulfonated carbon supercapacitor were invented. Betanin and quinone, extracted from beets and Sencha, was preloaded on the sulfonated carbon nanosphere as the composite. While sulfonated carbon nanosphere were fabricated by hydrothermal synthesis of renewable biomaterial, followed by surface functionalization - sulfonation for increasing the loading capacity of nanoparticle. Nanostructured morphology and surface functional groups were examined and confirmed by SEM and IR spectroscopy. Specific capacitance can be boosted up through optimizing the particle size, morphology and surface polarity of carbon substrate and the type of electrolyte. From the experimental result, it is believed that the nano-architecture, with active functional groups, of carbon nanosphere enables the efficient charge transport and electrode stability, allowing the composite with high capacitance (94–209 F g–1 at a current density ranging from 1 to 4 mA cm–2), high capacitance retention of over 90% after over 20,000 cycles respectively, and over a wide range of temperature. Superior electrochemical performance of both betanin/sulfonated and quinone/sulfonated carbon supercapacitor can be attributed to the large accessible surface area of the porous structure, low interfacial resistance and its structural stability. It shows that they have relatively higher tolerant towards heat and extreme pH mediums. The green electrochemical capacitor exhibits a promising capacitive performance of 209 F g–1 with high capacitance retention of over 90%, opening up new possibilities for the production of environmental friendly, cost efficient and lightweight energy storage system using renewable biomass as the basic building materials without harming the environment.

近幾年已進入太陽模組退役的高峰期，比較現行主要回收方法，在乙烯/醋酸乙烯酯(EVA)處理過程中會產生危害環境物質，因此研究低毒性、易處理的EVA移除技術，減低環境負擔，是值得開發的技術。研究以上層利用高溫燒斷交聯鍵結，失去交聯的EVA再以二甲苯溶解；下層使用鹽酸輔助水分子與EVA碰撞，破壞聚合單體間的鍵結。水解的過程中產生的溶液，則根據離子特性以沉澱、氧化還原鑑定，以利規劃完整回收再利用。 破壞上層交聯結構所需鍛燒兩次各200℃、1.5小時，再置入二甲苯中震盪2小時，同時可去除背板。水解最佳條件為90℃、10M的鹽酸，在裂隙越多的模組效果越快。使用後的鹽酸中，必定有鋁、鎳離子釋出，導線破損還會溶出銅。依模組狀態分為較完整與破碎，破碎模組水解下層，輔助歐盟回收法；較完整的模組先破壞上層。水解時，產生的鹽酸溶液則利用離子交換樹脂處理，回收並減少二次傷害環境。

福島核災的發生，更凸顯能源的重要性；又因近年來廢熱總量不斷提升與全球能源需求量增加，本研究利用熱電晶片冷端與熱端的溫度差產生電的特性，將環境廢熱回收成為可用的電能。 本研究設計之可撓性熱電晶片成功改良傳統熱電晶片的兩點缺點；其一 : 傳統的硬式平板狀晶片無法配合不同環境空間而改變其外型，其二 : 硬式晶片的表面為陶瓷片，較易摔破導致晶片毀損，本研究之可撓性熱電晶片改良以往熱電晶片的陶瓷基板材料，改用具有可撓性的FCCL材料作為基板，因此可完整吸收表面彎曲物體的能源並將熱能轉換成電能。本研究之可撓式熱電晶片成功大幅降低熱電晶片之成本，有利於未來大量生產，成功應用人體體溫發電，同時也可利用Peltier效應，作為醫療用冷敷或熱敷之器材。

Water treatment is considered as one of the top research priorities in Saudi Arabia. It has been reported by World Health Organization that, 50,000 people die every day from diseases caused by contaminated water. This research attempts to degrade organic pollutants present in wastewater by using Graphene Oxide synthesized from Saudi natural source. Physical activation of date pits was carried out by carbonizing the samples at different temperatures to produce active carbon. Hammer’s method was employed for the purpose of Graphene Oxide production. The resulted Graphene Oxide has been characterized using FT-Raman, XRD and SEM techniques. Methylene Blue (MB) dye was used as a model organic pollutants to examine the ability of Graphene with the aid of a microwave-system to remove such pollutants. A modified domestic MS furnace with a variable power was used to supply microwave energy. The MB solution 2.5x10-6M was mixed with 0.1gm of Graphene Oxide. The applied microwave power was ranged between 100 to 700 W and the time was set between 0 to 12 minutes. The samples were centrifuged and then filtered through a millipore filter to remove the Graphene Oxide dispersed particles. It is found that, 98% of the initial concentration of MB is removed effectively within 12 minutes under microwave power of 500 W. Chemical oxygen demand is shifted from 450 to 87 mg/L while biological oxygen demand was decreased from 270 to 12.8 mg/L which indicating the degradation of organic constituents. This method can be used for water purification from organic pollutants.

行政院逐漸將全國的路燈更換成LED，又為了達到高亮度且省電的效果，多是採用100 lm/W以上的A級產品。這些高亮度的LED，在出廠的時候全部都被訂走做路燈，一般市面上買不到，零售的多是40 lm/W以下。但路燈只要有一小部分損害就要全部丟棄，有時只是變壓器壞掉而已。半導體的製程往往需要花費很高的成本，或是污染環境的代價，不該就這樣被丟棄。 本實驗嘗試著將路燈LED改造成植物生長燈。將路燈上的Y.A.G.螢光劑移除後，就是一個高效率的藍光LED。再塗佈LED專用的紅色螢光粉，使之發出植物生長需要的紅藍光，研究搭配不同的濃度或厚度，可發出不同比例的紅藍光。將所有實驗成品送至大學做積分球測量，發現自製植物生長燈電費與白熾燈相比可省下82%，與市售植物生長燈比較則省了37%。雖然LED專用的螢光粉很貴，但其實每顆所需的量極小。LED是回收來的，所以燈的成本很低，同時也省下可觀的電費。 五年前不太有人重視回收手機裡的貴金屬。隨著智慧型手機普及 現在卻可能是個大商機。同樣的，回收路燈再製成植物生長燈。隨著LED路燈全世界漸漸普及，回收再製高效率LED。未來會是個無限商機。我利用手工製作或許成果有限，但希望這個創意能被大家看見。

奈米鑽石之多官能基、介面電位負值(PH=7時)…等性質使本組考慮其吸附重金屬離子之可行性。本研究目的在於利用奈米鑽石吸附重金屬離子及探討重複利用性。 將硝酸鉛、鋅、鎳、銅、鈷與鐵離子及錯離子水溶液配製奈米鑽石混合懸浮液。本實驗利用共扼焦顯微鏡了解奈米鑽石之生物共生與吸附特性。於重金屬吸附上運用LM324系統、及ICP-MS測量溶液濃度， 且用SEM觀察表面。 研究結果顯示，奈米鑽石具優越吸附離子能力，吸附前後奈米鑽石表面在巨觀與表面微觀上有顯著改變；且再利用性極佳，可利用硝酸置換出金屬離子。故奈米鑽石應可作為具再利用性之吸附材料。