Water treatment is considered as one of the top research priorities in Saudi Arabia. It has been reported by World Health Organization that, 50,000 people die every day from diseases caused by contaminated water. This research attempts to degrade organic pollutants present in wastewater by using Graphene Oxide synthesized from Saudi natural source. Physical activation of date pits was carried out by carbonizing the samples at different temperatures to produce active carbon. Hammer’s method was employed for the purpose of Graphene Oxide production. The resulted Graphene Oxide has been characterized using FT-Raman, XRD and SEM techniques. Methylene Blue (MB) dye was used as a model organic pollutants to examine the ability of Graphene with the aid of a microwave-system to remove such pollutants. A modified domestic MS furnace with a variable power was used to supply microwave energy. The MB solution 2.5x10-6M was mixed with 0.1gm of Graphene Oxide. The applied microwave power was ranged between 100 to 700 W and the time was set between 0 to 12 minutes. The samples were centrifuged and then filtered through a millipore filter to remove the Graphene Oxide dispersed particles. It is found that, 98% of the initial concentration of MB is removed effectively within 12 minutes under microwave power of 500 W. Chemical oxygen demand is shifted from 450 to 87 mg/L while biological oxygen demand was decreased from 270 to 12.8 mg/L which indicating the degradation of organic constituents. This method can be used for water purification from organic pollutants.

Pests can ruin every healthy tree’s crop within 10-15 days. This huge loss can only be detected at harvest season. If the pests have already got inside the fruits or the fruits had fallen down prior to the time of harvest. If pest-control is unconscious, 50-75% loss may occur. In Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg county the most common fruit production is apple. Codling moth can cause significant damage to the crops. Codling moths damage the apple directly and they are expected during the whole year. If there are signs of any nuisance we are not able to protect the crops anymore, because in this case they protect themselves from chemicals. The most important part of protection against pests is prevention. Protection can be successful thanks to insects killers and expert’s prognosis. Pheromone traps developed against wrong-doers are very practical. They are easy to use, but the problem is that the manufacturer has to check these traps repeatedly to find out about the infection, and when one has to spray the trees with the right chemicals.

本研究以不同水解纖維素的方法，包括傳統酸水解、微波及臭氧法，完成效果比較，並以各方法最優勢理論組成最快速且產醣量最高的水解程序。再以麴菌發酵將醣轉為生質酒精，以止逆閥自製簡易即時取樣發酵裝置並研究效率最佳的麴菌酒精發酵，其中速發酵母平均一天酒精生成率高達約90.5%。 藉由基礎水解及發酵研究成功設計一套「低耗能、低成本、低汙染、高效率」自製可攜式簡易水解發酵膠囊進行纖維素水解，轉化為醣後又可在同一膠囊中加入麴菌進行酒精發酵，效果極佳，提升轉換率達63.8%。本研究進一步透過此自製膠囊推廣到廢棄稻草桿、甘蔗渣、甘蔗皮等，皆可得到極佳效果。

Nowadays Electric energy is the most useful in the world because we use it every day for lightening, work, entertainment ext … but electric energy also can be expensive and it will pollute the air plus we all know that the air pollution is getting worse. Our world consumes a huge amount of electric energy . Also we know that the homelessness is getting higher all around the globe and it reached a high percentage. The high price and the sudden cut of the electric energy and with it the air pollution makes a big problem. That’s why we created this project named TURN ON which is a friend of the environment and a friend of the humans. Our product will help us to produce and create strong, clean and renewable energy plus it will help the homeless to have free food and free transport tickets. After doing a lot of researches we found that our new method of producing energy gives a great electric energy and limit pollution. The kinetic energy is produced using rotations. That’s why we used the rotations of motorbikes, bicycles, cars wheels and turn that mechanical energy (wm) into electrical energy (we) that we can easily use in our daily life plus we can help homeless by giving them food widgets… in exchange with the electrical energy that they produced while using bicycles…After performing several tests and taking notes, we are able to conclude that our apparatus is indeed efficient as it is able to convert the rotation into electronic energy that we can store and use in emergencies to solve this big problem and in the same time to limit air pollution with using bicycles and reducing hunger regarding homeless. This machine should be easy to implement, cheap, does not depend on any other parameters such as the wind. Any rotation in any place can be a source of Electrical Energy. To facilitate the use of this new device, A START UP will be launched to rent electric bikes for “free”, distribute free food, snacks, tickets to homeless regarding to the energy production.

福島核災的發生，更凸顯能源的重要性；又因近年來廢熱總量不斷提升與全球能源需求量增加，本研究利用熱電晶片冷端與熱端的溫度差產生電的特性，將環境廢熱回收成為可用的電能。 本研究設計之可撓性熱電晶片成功改良傳統熱電晶片的兩點缺點；其一 : 傳統的硬式平板狀晶片無法配合不同環境空間而改變其外型，其二 : 硬式晶片的表面為陶瓷片，較易摔破導致晶片毀損，本研究之可撓性熱電晶片改良以往熱電晶片的陶瓷基板材料，改用具有可撓性的FCCL材料作為基板，因此可完整吸收表面彎曲物體的能源並將熱能轉換成電能。本研究之可撓式熱電晶片成功大幅降低熱電晶片之成本，有利於未來大量生產，成功應用人體體溫發電，同時也可利用Peltier效應，作為醫療用冷敷或熱敷之器材。

全球性氣候變遷，一般的種植常因無法順應調節而產生病害，合併蟲害傳染時更須使用化學農藥。現今新興的農業設施有溫室栽培、魚菜共生及植物工廠等，但仍存在著介質控管、溫濕度控制及成本過高等問題。 本研究自行設計製作「植物箱」，運用替代光源及冷熱蒸散原理，模擬取代自然環境中之最佳光照、溫度與溼度，建立適宜植物生長的環境。實驗結果顯示：一、T5燈管能模擬陽光的輻射熱能和光度，配合紅藍光比例及定時器，可控制光照時間及取代陽光照射。二、水冷機控制貯水槽溫度，結合風扇向上吹送，有助水氣蒸發與凝結，達到溫度控制。三、溼度控制器結合風扇向下吹送，有助水氣吹送，形成循環對流，達到溼度控制。四、自製密合及低功率的「植物箱」為智能環控，可避免病蟲害及農藥的使用。 在未來可創造極大的經濟價值，以更節能環保的方式與地球永續共存。

ARC Generator is a acronym for Alternating Rotational Convertor. The purpose of the generator is to convert rotational motion into an alternating current. What makes this generator unique from other generators is that it uses a combination of aspects from rotational as well as linear generators. The A.R.C Generator is a experiment to generate electricity in new ways, potentially opening new doors in the area of electrical generation. The final goals for the ARC Generator project are to: 1. Make a electrical generator that is unique compared to other types of generators. 2. Make a hydro power based generator that is simple as well as affordable for private use. The generator itself is split into four distinct parts: • The channels • The inner chamber • The core • The coils

We are conducting research for the purpose of treating contaminated water generated by the nuclear accident with C.moliniferum. In previous research, the school seniors examined whether there is a difference in absorption by changing the wavelength of the LED to establish efficient Sr2+ absorption conditions. As a result, the red wavelength was found to be effective for the efficient Sr2+ absorption of C. moniliferum. Therefore, in this study, in order to verify how much Sr is actually absorbed into the cell, the amount of Sr absorption using an atomic absorption photometer is quantified, and the previous research has shown that red is effective for the efficient Sr2+ absorption. The wavelength was considered to be effective because of photosynthesis, and was observed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) using the photosynthesis inhibitor (DCMU). As a result, it was clarified that C. moniliferum absorbs Sr intracellularly, and photosynthesis was related to absorption.

As our planet suffers the effects of climate change, it is only a matter of time before society will have to centre all aspects of development around sustainability. In the past, clean solutions for transportation have been dismissed due to the higher cost, and lower efficiency than fossil fuels. However, in the past few decades, there has been a steep decline in solar module cost, and and a steady climb towards higher efficiency. From my findings in this project, I have concluded that we are now at a point where we can embrace the clean, renewable potential which our sun offers. I have created and tested a proof-of concept electric vehicle (Solar EV), which can run indefinitely during daylight hours, provided sunny conditions. There are several mechanical features of my project which highlight the potential that renewable energy in transportation can have. Firstly the vehicle’s 500W motor is powered by 3 100W solar modules, and 3 50W modules, for a total of 450W or power generation. This means that when driving at anything less than 90% throttle, the Solar EV can run continuously without needing to stop to charge or refuel. Another design mechanism installed in the vehicle are three 12V lead acid batteries. These batteries allow the Solar EV to be powered for over 1.5 hours, which is useful during cloudy conditions, night, and most importantly, when driving through areas of shade. A unique efficiency component designed into my vehicle is the linear actuator I installed into the module racking system. This design element allows the tilt of the modules to be altered, to maximize the efficiency of the solar module array. At early or late hours of the day, it can be heavily tilted with the press toggle switch, or kept at a relatively flat level when the sun is the highest in the sky. I ran a series of trials to figure out whether or not the theoretical data matches up with the experimental results. After my series of trials, the bike was yet to run out of power. The solar vehicle reaches speeds up to 32 km/h, however comfortably glides at around 25 km/h. The linear actuator I installed allows the solar modules’ tilt to change . During different times of day or year, the sun is at different heights in the sky, however it is very important to maximize the solar potential. With the press of a switch, the module can be actuated to account for this. Lastly, regenerative braking captures the energy from braking. Using the reversible nature of a DC motor with a specialized motor controller responding to feedback from the brake actuators allows the vehicle to reuse energy that would otherwise be wasted as heat.

近幾年已進入太陽模組退役的高峰期，比較現行主要回收方法，在乙烯/醋酸乙烯酯(EVA)處理過程中會產生危害環境物質，因此研究低毒性、易處理的EVA移除技術，減低環境負擔，是值得開發的技術。研究以上層利用高溫燒斷交聯鍵結，失去交聯的EVA再以二甲苯溶解；下層使用鹽酸輔助水分子與EVA碰撞，破壞聚合單體間的鍵結。水解的過程中產生的溶液，則根據離子特性以沉澱、氧化還原鑑定，以利規劃完整回收再利用。 破壞上層交聯結構所需鍛燒兩次各200℃、1.5小時，再置入二甲苯中震盪2小時，同時可去除背板。水解最佳條件為90℃、10M的鹽酸，在裂隙越多的模組效果越快。使用後的鹽酸中，必定有鋁、鎳離子釋出，導線破損還會溶出銅。依模組狀態分為較完整與破碎，破碎模組水解下層，輔助歐盟回收法；較完整的模組先破壞上層。水解時，產生的鹽酸溶液則利用離子交換樹脂處理，回收並減少二次傷害環境。