環境工程

本實驗希望發展簡易光降解有機物的裝置以降低分解一些實驗室中常見的有機廢液，實驗中採用Pyrex 玻璃取代昂貴的石英材質反應槽，使用空氣打氣機取代純氧氣的輸送，以TiO? 在分解甲基橙的水溶液中可測得反應速率為二級，利用二級反應速率推得甲基橙降解半生期約44.5小時。本實驗中並嘗試以不同的反應初濃度探討甲基橙降解效果，發現甲基橙在愈稀薄的溶液中，分解效果較佳。;We hope that the experiment can help us develop an equipment to reduce the common organic waste in some laboratories. We will use Pyrex glasses to replace the expansive quartz reactor and the air pump to increase air flow instead of pumping pure oxygen. The results show that our reaction equipment is good decomposition efficiency. The phtodegradation in methyl orange is second order reaction, and the half of livetime is 44.5 hour. We find that the photodegradative rate of the methyl orange is much effective in a thinner solution.

本實驗是利用二氧化矽分子篩保護奈米銀的方法，有別於市面上奈米銀產品大都以有機溶劑浸泡，且保護劑均是採取界面活性劑，該項產品浸在純水中除了不會改變溶液性質外，又能以分子篩特性讓奈米銀漸進式釋放而達到長效性效果。 針對棉衫吸附奈米銀實驗非常成功，經過十次以上洗滌且放置時間長達一個月以上，對於抗菌效果也有長效性的功能，為本次實驗重大突破。 The experiment is to use SiO2 molecular sieve protected nano Ag method , different from nano Ag popular product which is organic solvent-soak, and the protectant are all surfactant. This product will not change solvent’s proterty in pure water , beside , molecular sieve generally release nano Ag and achieve long-term effect . The experiment for cotton clothes adsorptive nano Ag is very successful , and achieve long-term effect in antibacterial property , that is the most significant .

Islands far from lands use the underground or surface water as the water for living. The population of the islands is growing fast and the amount of water usage is increasing year after year. However, the amount of water usage is limited, so that people who live in islands have trouble using water. To compensate this problem, underground water is drawn from deeper underground sites. If this matter occurs continuously, sea-level may rise and then we cannot use underground water. Seawater desalination is a way to solve the water shortage, but it requires a lot of energy. It is difficult for island far away from lands to supply a lot of energy. It is considered the eco-friendly way to minimize the use of energy on the island. In order to solve the problem of water shortage on the island, it is considered fog that on the island occur frequently. It is an attempt to create water from fog, but it is a lack of research of efficiency of fog-catching nets to create water from fog. In this research, I have studied the efficiency of the fog-catching nets, a way to increase the efficiency, the amount of water that is created on the island, usage of discarded fishing net for fog-catching nets. Through this research, I found a kind of fog which can be changed into water and the difference in efficiency due to the difference in the size of the mesh size of the fog-catching nets, wind direction, wind speed, water absorption capacity of thread of fog-catching nets, installation direction of fog-catching nets, a way of installation of fog-catching nets. Also I found fog-catching nets of discarded fishing nets on the island and the possibility of usage for everyday life that the amount of water are created for a day or a month during dry season on the island.

由於奈米科技之進步發展神速，許多難以偵測的奈米污染物可能對生物體造成不可預知的負面影響，然而傳統之感測方法主要針對氣體分子，可能不適用於感測粒狀奈米污染物質。因此，本研究之主要目的是探討(也建立一套)奈米污染物簡易感測方法之可行性。利用二至三個塑膠瓶、塑膠管組裝簡易感測實驗，並且使用非常少量(約0.05 mL)之綠色溶劑(離子熔液)，實驗結果顯示奈米ZnO 及螢光粉塵灰(2 或奈米CuO 反而使電阻增加；未通過過濾材料之螢光粉塵灰(2 and phosphor particulates was conducted in a home-made nanopollutant sensing system. Experimentally, abstraction of nano ZnO into the IL caused a reduction of the IL resistance. Similarly, decreasing of the IL resistance was also observed in the abstraction of phosphor particles with particles sizes of 2 particles was found. Abstraction of nano CuO in the IL also led to a slight increase of the IL resistance. The determined characteristic resistances of the IL for abstraction of select nano particles such as nano ZnO, nano CuO, nano TiO2 and phosphor particulates may be used in the development of novel nanopollutants sensors.

Vacuum packaging is a packaging technique intended to extend the shelf life of food via the removal of air from an enclosed package prior to sealing. This process limits the growth of aerobic bacteria or fungi due to oxygen deprivation. In this work, we present a novel do-it-yourself vacuum packaging device using the exchange of water and air between two bottles to continuously generate a vacuum-suction effect. The sizes of bottle and vacuum bag were investigated for its impact on the vacuum generation in a plastic bag containing smoked fish sausages. Large commercial 3.1-litre PET bottle generated more vacuum than the smaller ones. An equilibrated vacuum pressure of a smaller plastic bag was lower than that of a larger size. With 3.1-litre PET bottles, the vacuum pressure for 3”x5”, 5”x8” and 6”x9” bags was equilibrated at 8, 10, 18 mmHg, respectively. Sausages packaged by our device last for 14 days when they were kept in -20oC refrigerator, which was comparable to those packed by the commercial vacuum packaging system for household use. This project demonstrates an application of simple science in a real life situation as well as a promotion of environmental protection idea as the electricity is not used in the vacuum generation process and the disposed plastic bottles can be reused.

目前所發展之微生物燃料電池，不僅成本極高，多數皆直接使用河水、汙水中之微生物，多為雜菌，且所分解者多為一般河川、家庭廢水。而生活中，高氨氮廢水的處理成本較高，一般微生物亦較不易於高氨氮環境中生存。本實驗先篩選出可在高氨氮環境中生存之專一性菌種，以高氨氮生活廢水為分解對象，應用於微生物燃料電池，找出發電效果最佳之菌株，既可分解廢水又可發電，兼具環保與經濟價值。 本研究先以高氨氮培養基仿效高氨氮生活廢水，篩出合適菌種並作用於電池裝置，探討菌種、菌量、陰陽極面積大小、兩極間距、養分多寡/種類、環境明暗等變因之影響，最後以高氨氮廢水取代培養基進行實驗。微生物電池由第一代、第二代，終發展出材料取得容易、成本低、內電阻低、電壓穩定、可間歇式放電之第三代微生物電池，實用價值極高。

The research is based on the production of biodegradable plastic-like material by only using household materials. Also, it can be made at home and it causes no harm to the environment. The biodegradable plastic-like materials made by different ratio of amylose, amylopectin, glycerol and water has different use. The finished product has smooth surface, highly transparency and well flexibility. Also, it can support strong load and be able to be deformed under stress. Ratios of components are tested on: 1. Easy to injection mold 2. Flexibility 3. Tensile strength and ductility & 4. Water resistance. It is found that the ratio of tapioca starch: glycerol: water = 1.5: 0.5: 9 can withstand 13N of force and 1.5: 0.93: 9 with high ductility. To improve water resistance, more amylopectin should be added to amylose. The best water resistance ratio is glutinous rice flour: tapioca starch: glycerol: water = 0.6:0.91:0.5:9 can withstand 16N force, while 0.6:0.91: 0.93:9 and 1.35:0.16: 0.5:9 with high ductility. All materials are available in supermarkets. Higher ratio of tapioca starch can produce bookmark, with laminate effect. More tough, higher ratio of glutinous rice flour can make cups, spoons and dishes.

雙春海濱公園五年前規劃?紅樹林栽培區，透過學校向管理單位\r 申請調查。經由兩位學姊的協助下和特有生物保育中心所提供的資\r 料，結合目前調查和測試結果，對紅樹林成長過程中所產生的環境和\r 動物相改變，能有更詳細的探討。\r (一)、四種紅樹林品種以海茄苳成長最快繁殖力也比較強，其次是紅\r 海欖。\r (二)、紅樹林的成長伴隨環境因素的改變：\r 1. 砂土的攔截堆積量明顯增加。\r 2. 土壤的酸性因種植的紅樹林品種而有所改變。\r 3. 水質由於指標生物的出現間接可知有所改善。\r 4. 枯枝落葉等有機質增加提供食物網的基層能量。\r 5. 河道縮減導致漲潮時潮水漫流到低漥處。\r (三)、動物相的改變：\r 1. 以魚類魚苗、螺、貝和蟹類的種類和數量增加最明顯。\r 2. 養殖業中常出現的無脊椎寄生蟲數量增加，間接可以得知宿主\r 的數量也會有相對的增加。\r 3. 許多以往紅樹林調查未曾紀錄過的海鞘和星蟲均有新紀錄。\r Shuang-chun Coastal Park is planned as the planting region of mangrove during\r five years. The investigation is granted through our school’s application to the\r authorities concerned. Through the assistance of two senior alumni and the\r information offered by ESRI, combined with our investigation and the testing result,\r we can conduct a more detailed discussion about the changing phases of the\r environment and animals during the growing process of the mangrove.\r (I) Of the four species of mangroves, Avicennia marina grows the fastest with\r superior reproduction, and second comes Rhizophora mucronata.\r (II) The growth of mangrove accompanying the factor in the change of the\r environment:\r 1. The apparent increase in the sand piling\r 2. The variation of the soil acidity subject to the differences of mangroves\r 3. The quality of water is known to improve indirectly due to the existence of\r target living things.\r 4. Withered twigs and fallen leaves form organic substances to offer the bottom\r energy of the food chain.\r 5. The shrinkage of the river width leads to the overflowing of the low-lying area\r when the tide is on the flow.\r (III) The changes in the animal phase\r 1. The apparent increase in the species and number of fish fry, spiral shells, shells,\r and crabs.\r 2. The increase in the spineless parasites existing in the aquaculture, indirectly\r estimating the proportional increase in the hosts of the parasites.\r 3. A new record of tunicate and Sipunculus sp.，which were not recorded in the\r past many mangrove investigations.\r \r

為檢驗地下水的微量金屬，本研究組裝可同時測定透光度及散射光的LED光電儀，微觀金屬離子與單寧酸作用，找出單寧酸適用濃度及金屬可偵測濃度範圍。研究結果顯示，單寧酸對鐵及亞鐵離子皆會產生黑色錯合物，與鉛離子則產生沉澱及顏色變化。利用儀器的高靈敏度，利用10-4M的單寧酸測量鐵離子與鉛離子產生的變化，經透射電壓值分析後，可成功量到10-6M(5.6×10-2 mg/L)鐵離子，檢量線的關係為[Fe3+]=(0.4510-logVt)/6704.9 ，而鉛離子則為10-5M(2 mg/L)，檢量線的關係為[Pb2+]=(0.2485-logVt)/657.4 。有別於一般的金屬檢驗方法，以單寧酸檢測法為創新且具穩定效果，成本低無污染，可應用在高中的實驗室。