環境工程

The purpose of my project was to prove if the seeds of invasive plants are spread throughout the Peace region in hay harvested by local farmers. Invasive plants are so dangerous because they adapt to their environment fast and some of them can cause harm to both animals and humans. Within a year they can completely wipe the ecosystem out of native plants. Many invasive plants are either poisonous or can affect the systems of the animals body’s. I collected 22 hay samples from local farms around the North Peace region. I conducted a survey to help collect information about the samples. A pretest was conducted to determine which of two homemade sifters (one with three layers of decreasing size wire mesh, and one with 6 layers of materials with larger size holes) was the best for sifting through hay. I was able to determine that the larger sifter was easier for sifting hay. I sifted through all 22 samples with the larger sifter. I individually looked through each layer and removed what I believed to be seeds. Each seed was individually bagged, labeled, and photographed through a microscope. After each seed was photographed they were planted to help identify the seeds. I contacted a seed specialist. I was able to send him the images of my seeds. He helped me to identify my findings. I removed a total of 5568 potential seeds in my 22 samples. Out of all the potential seeds found 628 seeds were invasive. All invasive plants identified either cause pain to animals or they easily over take the native plants.

The continued growth of dairy farming in NZ and the move toward keeping cows on stand-off pads has seen a major increase in two significant waste streams, the wood fibre that is scrapped off the surface of the standing pads and the effluent that is now concentrated at the site of these pads. In combination these waste streams offer the farmer an opportunity to recycle valuable nutrients back into the soil as an up-valued soil conditioner. This investigation explores vermicomposting as a tool to efficiently manage these two significant waste streams. Sludge was removed from a settling pond and mixed with a range of carbon products that are recommended by Dairy NZ for use in stand-off pads: wood chips, post peeling, sawdust and also wood shavings (used in calf sheds). The wood fibre/sludge mixtures were assessed on their acceptability to tiger worms (Eisenia fetida) by measuring the pH of the mixture and seeing if they corresponded with the preferred pH for tiger worms. The vertical spatial distribution of tiger worms was measured over a period of 15 days and the rate at which the worms moved into the different mixtures was assessed. The worm mass before and after this 15 day period was also measured to ascertain the mixtures’ ability to support worm growth. Finally, different ratios of sludge and post peelings removed from a calf shed were used in a choice chamber experiment to establish the worms’ preference. Tiger worms were used throughout the investigation as they represent the worm species most widely used in vermicomposting in New Zealand. Tiger worms feed on decomposing organic matter, bacteria and fungi in the upper organic horizon of soil. All of the unused wood fibre and dairy sludge tested lay within the acceptable pH range for tiger worms. Wood fibre exposed to large amounts of urine ie calf shed post peelings, that lie outside the acceptable range can be favourably adjusted with the addition of dairy sludge. All the particle sizes of the wood fibre tested were found to be acceptable to tiger worms and capable of supporting increase in their body mass beyond that of the compost. Due to the observation that the worms did not integrate themselves as fully in sawdust as the other fibres tested it is recommended that further investigation should be carried out before sawdust is used for vermicomposting. While a comparison of the average worm density in each mixture may indicate a preference for post peelings this cannot be statistically proven and more trials are recommended. The preferred ratio within the limits that were tested is 1:3 calf shed post peelings to sludge (41% dry weight). Vermicomposting can therefore be recommended as a possible onsite technology to process the twin waste streams of wood fibre and effluent generated by dairy farms. The next step would be to implement medium scale field trials with a continuous windrow system, testing resulting compost for its nutrient content and then comparing this output to that of current practises

本研究以不同水解纖維素的方法，包括傳統酸水解、微波及臭氧法，完成效果比較，並以各方法最優勢理論組成最快速且產醣量最高的水解程序。再以麴菌發酵將醣轉為生質酒精，以止逆閥自製簡易即時取樣發酵裝置並研究效率最佳的麴菌酒精發酵，其中速發酵母平均一天酒精生成率高達約90.5%。 藉由基礎水解及發酵研究成功設計一套「低耗能、低成本、低汙染、高效率」自製可攜式簡易水解發酵膠囊進行纖維素水解，轉化為醣後又可在同一膠囊中加入麴菌進行酒精發酵，效果極佳，提升轉換率達63.8%。本研究進一步透過此自製膠囊推廣到廢棄稻草桿、甘蔗渣、甘蔗皮等，皆可得到極佳效果。

By saving water you are saving lives including yours. All of us know that water is an invaluable and priceless gift. We can’t dispense it. The consumption of water differentiate from one country to another, we may use over quantities of water, in other countries people are thirsty living under the limits of poverty .It’s very important for agriculture, industry even human animals and plants can’t live without water. But people are careless, they consume a huge quantities of water in shower, washing car, gardening…. So that we thought to make this brilliant project F.W.S (frugal water system). This system is connected with you mobile phone by an application that shows you your water consuming and makes you control it. It record in every minute your consumption. This control system helps us to preserve water for the future generation. Besides, it tells you the price that you will pay and warns you if you pass the quantity of water that you should consume in a defined period. So you can also save your water bill. So we have to make this project works to let every person know that he is doing squandering water. With this system we can save planet resources of water. Finally, the water is as precious as our lives and with frugal water system, we will be able to monitor and control our water consumption. Also be alerted in the event of a leak or flooding. This project helps us to preserve water, reduce and avoid over-consumption. So we have to stand together against water squandering by making this project works.

全球性氣候變遷，一般的種植常因無法順應調節而產生病害，合併蟲害傳染時更須使用化學農藥。現今新興的農業設施有溫室栽培、魚菜共生及植物工廠等，但仍存在著介質控管、溫濕度控制及成本過高等問題。 本研究自行設計製作「植物箱」，運用替代光源及冷熱蒸散原理，模擬取代自然環境中之最佳光照、溫度與溼度，建立適宜植物生長的環境。實驗結果顯示：一、T5燈管能模擬陽光的輻射熱能和光度，配合紅藍光比例及定時器，可控制光照時間及取代陽光照射。二、水冷機控制貯水槽溫度，結合風扇向上吹送，有助水氣蒸發與凝結，達到溫度控制。三、溼度控制器結合風扇向下吹送，有助水氣吹送，形成循環對流，達到溼度控制。四、自製密合及低功率的「植物箱」為智能環控，可避免病蟲害及農藥的使用。 在未來可創造極大的經濟價值，以更節能環保的方式與地球永續共存。

本文研究轉換二氧化碳成為替代能源，介紹運用太陽能源，以SnS2及光觸媒進行CO2還原反應，以產生碳氫和碳氫氧化合物。我們以溶劑熱法配置SnS2，過程中藉由加入不同重量百分比例的銅(0, 0.5, 1, 5, 10 wt.%)探討銅的添加對於觸媒的影響：能隙縮短、底面為從六角形至四邊形晶體結構、吸收光範圍延伸至可見光之域。以活性測試探討其綜合性能，結果呈現1 wt.%銅修飾的SnS2光觸媒有最高CO2轉換效率，且產物單一為乙醛。未來希望藉由研究最佳銅修飾的比例，以改良二硫化錫光觸媒的吸光特性、減少電子電洞對復合，並進一步增加其量子轉換效率、增加產量。

近幾年已進入太陽模組退役的高峰期，比較現行主要回收方法，在乙烯/醋酸乙烯酯(EVA)處理過程中會產生危害環境物質，因此研究低毒性、易處理的EVA移除技術，減低環境負擔，是值得開發的技術。研究以上層利用高溫燒斷交聯鍵結，失去交聯的EVA再以二甲苯溶解；下層使用鹽酸輔助水分子與EVA碰撞，破壞聚合單體間的鍵結。水解的過程中產生的溶液，則根據離子特性以沉澱、氧化還原鑑定，以利規劃完整回收再利用。 破壞上層交聯結構所需鍛燒兩次各200℃、1.5小時，再置入二甲苯中震盪2小時，同時可去除背板。水解最佳條件為90℃、10M的鹽酸，在裂隙越多的模組效果越快。使用後的鹽酸中，必定有鋁、鎳離子釋出，導線破損還會溶出銅。依模組狀態分為較完整與破碎，破碎模組水解下層，輔助歐盟回收法；較完整的模組先破壞上層。水解時，產生的鹽酸溶液則利用離子交換樹脂處理，回收並減少二次傷害環境。

This study investigated the production of novel molecular templates, and analyze their adsorption effect on four heavy metal ions (Cu+2, Pb+2, Zn+2, Mn+2), which commonly exist in Taiwan's rivers. Different operating conditions (such as competitive adsorption, pH value and other factors) were explored to compare their adsorption effect of heavy metal ions by using the synthesized template molecules. The molecular templates were found to be specific towards their target metal ions with a high adsorption effect. Then combined with the idea of magnetic particles to produce magnetic molecule templates, a maximum amount of adsorption of heavy metal ions up to 95% through the molecular template was achieved while the effect of heavy metals desorption of up to 83% could be also successfully obtained. Experimental results showed that the magnetic molecule templates did not affect the adsorption of heavy metal ions. Not only can they speed up the recovery time of adsorption but the template molecules can also be collected more efficiently. We also proposed three different applications for the developed molecular templates. The development of magnetic molecular template may provide an affordable, highly-efficient way for dealing with heavy metal pollutions.

The purpose of this research is to make an ecological insecticide that mixes the extracts of Piper tuberculatum, Annona muricata and Melia azedarach, that together in application cause mortality and repellence of the mosquito Aedes aegypti with the intention to help in the control of the diseases this mosquito is guilty of: dengue, zika and chikungunya, and decrease the risk of infection by a safe and organic way.

行政院逐漸將全國的路燈更換成LED，又為了達到高亮度且省電的效果，多是採用100 lm/W以上的A級產品。這些高亮度的LED，在出廠的時候全部都被訂走做路燈，一般市面上買不到，零售的多是40 lm/W以下。但路燈只要有一小部分損害就要全部丟棄，有時只是變壓器壞掉而已。半導體的製程往往需要花費很高的成本，或是污染環境的代價，不該就這樣被丟棄。 本實驗嘗試著將路燈LED改造成植物生長燈。將路燈上的Y.A.G.螢光劑移除後，就是一個高效率的藍光LED。再塗佈LED專用的紅色螢光粉，使之發出植物生長需要的紅藍光，研究搭配不同的濃度或厚度，可發出不同比例的紅藍光。將所有實驗成品送至大學做積分球測量，發現自製植物生長燈電費與白熾燈相比可省下82%，與市售植物生長燈比較則省了37%。雖然LED專用的螢光粉很貴，但其實每顆所需的量極小。LED是回收來的，所以燈的成本很低，同時也省下可觀的電費。 五年前不太有人重視回收手機裡的貴金屬。隨著智慧型手機普及 現在卻可能是個大商機。同樣的，回收路燈再製成植物生長燈。隨著LED路燈全世界漸漸普及，回收再製高效率LED。未來會是個無限商機。我利用手工製作或許成果有限，但希望這個創意能被大家看見。