全國中小學科展

環境工程

雙酚 A 對白線斑蚊幼蟲生長發育的影響及病媒蚊防治策略探究

登革熱病媒蚊幼蟲主要孳生於人工積水容器中,幼蟲生長發育主要受到溫度與食物的影響。本研究至戶外調查人工積水容器,發現塑膠類人工容器為主要孳生類型。於實驗室以 11 種人工容器培養白線斑蚊幼蟲,結果發現塑膠底盆的幼蟲發育速度較快,蚊蟲平均翅長較長。以塑膠組成物質雙酚 A 進行試驗, 發現高濃度 (>50 mg/L) 雙酚 A 會導致幼蟲死亡, 活動力降低; 中濃度(12.5~1.56 mg/L) 會促進幼蟲生長速率,縮短發育時間;低濃度 (<0.78 mg/L) 則不顯著。以濃 6.25mg/L 雙酚A 處理蚊幼蟲,Q-PCR 顯示四個齡期的幼蟲蛻皮激素基因 (Ecr) 分別表現量都有增加,其中四齡幼蟲增加 9.68 倍,蛋白質分析顯示 34~72 kDa 之間的片段濃度增加。在蚊幼蟲防治上,4.0 %蛋胺酸和 1.0% 硼酸皆可 100%抑制孑孓活性,結合低濃度蛋胺酸(0.13%)和硼酸(< 0.5% )可以提升 30% 抑制孑孓活性的功效。

Automatic Solar Panel Sprinkler Irrigation System

As the global demand for sustainable agriculture practices and renewable energy sources continues to rise, the integration of solar power technology with irrigation systems has gained significant attention. This abstract presents an overview of an innovative solution known as the "Automatic Solar Panel Sprinkler Irrigation System," which combines solar panels and smart irrigation technology to efficiently manage water resources in agricultural settings. The proposed system leverages solar panels to generate electricity and simultaneously operate an automated sprinkler irrigation system. Solar panels are strategically positioned in proximity to crop fields, utilizing photovoltaic cells to convert solar energy into electrical power. This energy is then harnessed to power the irrigation system, providing a sustainable and eco-friendly method for crop hydration. In Solar Power Generation the system consists of photovoltaic panels designed to capture solar energy during daylight. This renewable energy source is converted into electrical power, which is stored in batteries for subsequent use. Automated Sprinkler Irrigation is an advanced control system manages the irrigation process, ensuring efficient water distribution based on crop requirements. Soil moisture sensors and weather data are integrated to optimize irrigation scheduling. In Remote Monitoring and Control, farmers can remotely monitor and control the irrigation system through a user friendly interface, accessible via smartphones or computers. This feature enables real-time adjustments and ensures that water resources are utilized optimally. In Water Conservation the system is designed to minimize water wastage by delivering precise and targeted irrigation, reducing over-watering and the associated environmental impact. In Cost Savings the harnessing solar power, this system reduces electricity expenses, making it an economically viable solution for farmers, particularly in regions with ample sunlight. Using a tracker with an automatic solar panel sprinkler irrigation system can be a smart and efficient way to optimize the system's performance. And the most important thing is that in my prototype it is under the panel and will track the location of the Sun and with that it will lead to the Automatic movement of the panel from east to west and when the evening starts it will go back to its position.

「稻」出「鋁」想「充」能力

本研究利用農業廢棄物再加工後的-炭化稻殼,經食用醋處理後搭配環保防水明膠配方製成碳紙電極,作為可充式鋁電池的正極材料;負極則是在鋁箔上塗一層較環保無毒的PVA;電解液使用2M氯化鋁/0.1M食鹽水/5g醋酸鈉,吸附在濾紙上,成功製作出可充式「炭化稻殼紙/鋁電池」,充放電循環3次後,放電的初始開路電壓最高可達1.296V,初始短路電流可達137.1mA,串聯兩個電池後,成功使LED燈發光持續至少72天,亦可推動風扇在約4mA的工作電流下維持215分鐘。本作品多使用食品級的環保材料,較以往作品具有低汙染、低成本、超輕薄、可充電、可彎曲等多項優勢,充電後的穩定性更優於市售石墨片電極,可連續充放電至少5次,在進行穿刺實驗後更證實其安全性較鋰電池高,期待能為大型儲能系統添加一股永續環保的新契機。

奈米 MPC 材料應用於電阻式有機氣體感測器

工業環境中揮發性有機化合物(VOCs)的洩漏不僅危害人體健康,更可能導致工安事故。現有氣體感測器常存在選擇性低、反應時間長等限制。本研究開發高選擇性與快速反應的奈米材料導電式氣體感測器,以實現即時監測。 研究中合成並測試六種銀奈米 (Ag-MPC)材料:Ag@C6、Ag@C12、Ag@C16、Ag@MCP、Ag@C12/MCP及Ag@C12/MBT複合材料。在500-5000 ppm濃度範圍內偵測1-丁醇、正辛烷及間二甲苯等目標氣體的電阻變化。實驗結果顯示,Ag@C12經官能基修飾後,對1-丁醇具有明顯的選擇性。我們開發基於Arduino微控制器的即時監測系統,透過運算放大器電路實現高精度的電阻變化檢測。可以在工業環境中持續監測VOCs濃度並即時示警。未來將著重於優化訊號放大電路、開發新型官能基修飾材料、實現複雜氣體混合物的組分分析。開發成本低、反應快、選擇性好的感測系統,為工業安全監測領域提供實際應用價值。

微生物燃料電池結合外加磁場與TiO2海綿--對於提升產電與柴油降解效率之潛能評估

柴油汙染已然造成嚴重的生態危機,我們藉由微生物快速生長與代謝有機物的特性,結合MFC解決油汙。將自製PVB-TiO2海綿加入MFC陽極反應室中,在兩側添加釹磁鐵形成外加磁場。為提升MFC代謝柴油效能,我們探討MFC電極種類、PVB-TiO2海綿的TiO2添加濃度、磁鐵數量與方向等參數。結果顯示,添加PVB-TiO2海綿(12 g/L)及外加相斥兩顆磁場,對COD降解率、平均輸出電壓、VFA代謝產量與柴油降解率,較未添加組有最顯著提升。分別達成COD降解率增為1.4倍、平均輸出電壓增為1.8倍、柴油降解率增為2.0倍之效果。預期本實驗未來能對柴油汙染提供解方,降低柴油洩漏對環境的衝擊。

Development of Oil Collecting Submarine using AI and hydrophobic solution

Such as the plastic waste and industrial discharge that permeate our oceans, it is the insidious and infamous nature of oil spills that demands our immediate attention. These spills, with their far-reaching ecological ramifications, pose a profound danger to our marine ecosystems, demanding urgent action and a heightened awareness of the true menace that is caused by this oil

Upcycling of Abandoned Beehives!!

Upcycling abandoned beehives to make new products can reuse the useful materials in old beehives and produce less trash. As known that bees leave their beehive in these following situations like insufficient replenishment, frequent unboxing and environmental issues. Then the beehive will be abandoned and will have no use left. In this project, a piece of honeycomb was collected from abandoned beehive and melted in order to extract beeswax. The potential of the extracted beeswax for replacing plastic to produce fillers of 3D pens was studied. Natural materials like seashell, rosin, soy bean and coffee ground were tested as ingredients of 3D printing materials. Finally, the potential of using extracted beeswax in 3D printing was confirmed. Beeswax has a low melting point at around 64°C and solidify quickly at room temperature. The high plasticity of this natural wax fulfills the criteria of 3D printing materials. Biodegradable wastes, like coffee grounds and soy bean grounds were tested as additives for reducing the beeswax content. Sea shell grounds were eliminated from the tested list as its filaments broke into small pieces of brittle fragments during the production process. 5% and 10% of these additives were the optimal formula for making long filaments. Yet, the thin filaments made by pure beeswax were not strong enough, filaments of selected beeswax-soy bean grounds were further strengthened by mixing with 5% or 10% rosin. Among the four different ratios of Beeswax: Soy bean grounds: Rosin (9:1:0.5 / 9:1:1 / 9.5:0.5:0.5 / 9.5:0.5:1), filaments in the ratio 9.5:0.5:0.5 demonstrated better flexibility, higher tensile strength and compressive strength, thus B9.5:S0.5:R0.5 was the final formula of biodegradable beeswax 3D filament.

二氧化碳捕捉術-銅鋅雙金屬奈米觸媒對二氧化碳還原反應效能及機制之研究(Carbon Dioxide Capture Technology: Study on the Efficiency and Mechanism of CO2 Reduction Reaction Using Copper-Zinc Bimetallic Nanocatalysts talyst)

本研究以電化學二氧化碳還原反應(CO2RR)技術將二氧化碳還原成高經濟能源燃料,使用水相合成法製備Cu/Zn銅鋅雙金屬奈米觸媒,改變金屬間的比例: Cu2Zn1、Cu1Zn1、Cu1Zn2以及通入N2/O2/H2 熱處理改變觸媒氧化態,而改變氧化態可以在化學性質、催化活性、電子結構等方面有重要影響使其催化出不同反應路徑,改變產物生產效率和選擇性。用能量散射光譜儀、X光繞射儀鑑定奈米觸媒間金屬比例和晶型;線性掃描伏安法和氣相層析儀探討二氧化碳還原法拉第效應和生產效能。結果發現Cu2Zn1-N2能產生最多的CH4,因改變氧化態使其效能高達53.03%; Cu1Zn2產生最多的CO,效能為44.99%,推論為鋅的比例較高所致。

蚊蟲翅音的定性與防治應用

為隔離環境聲音增加蚊蟲專一性的聲音,自行製作降噪錄音箱,分析聲譜使用Audacity及Room EQ Wizard兩個軟體,結果顯示自製錄音箱可吸收95.7%的環境聲音能量。白線斑蚊的雄蚊平衡棍長與翅音統計達顯著相關;而雌蚊平衡棍長與翅長統計達顯著相關。白線斑蚊及埃及斑蚊兩者翅音皆具有專一性,同種雄蚊及雌蚊會受彼此翅音誘引,而雌蚊交尾後會被同種交尾雌蚊翅音誘引。雌性埃及斑蚊交尾後的翅音對同種雌蚊平均誘引產卵率為85.8%,統計達顯著差異。自製捕蚊機(合成翅音誘捕,平均誘捕率為66.7%)較市售捕蚊機(UV光誘捕,平均誘捕率49.7%)誘捕率高出17.0%。自製捕蚊機可做為白線斑蚊及埃及斑蚊防治資材之一,且為環境友善防治法。

Autonomous Ecosystem Surveillance Robot

Our project, the Autonomous Ecosystem Surveillance Robot, aims at closing the aquatic gap in biosecurity measures by including several functions, such as water quality monitoring, aquatic species monitoring, and seabed topology surveillance. Several instances have shown the need for such a system, as demonstrated below. The United States Corps of Engineers completed an electrich fish barrier in the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal in 2002, in order to prevent the invasive Asian carp from moving into the Great Lakes. The introduction of the Asian carp into the Great Lakes would be an ecological disaster, as the Great Lakes provide an ideal habitat for the carp to proliferate, choking out native fish species that exist there. This would result in a major loss for the fishing industry in the area. One of the Great Lakes, Lake Erie, suffers annual algae blooms threats, which affect up to 12 million people in the Great Lakes region of the United States and Canada. These algae blooms are caused by runoff pollution, which occurs when rainfall washes fertilizer and manure from farmland into Lake Erie, fueling algae that can make water toxic to humans and animals alike. In addition, there are many existing customs regulations around the world that are set in place to ensure biosecurity of national ecosystems, such as in Taiwan, where it is illegal to bring pork from abroad. Despite this, there still exists a very large gap in biosecurity measures; that of the aquatic nature. Through these three functions, we have the ability to protect local aquatic biodiversity via the ability to detect invasive species, therefore allowing authorities to properly deal with them. This allows less harmful measures to be taken against them, thereby limiting collateral damage to endangered native species. Coupled with the ability to map bodies of water, the Autonomous Ecosystem Surveillance Robot is an extremely potent tool to preserve aquatic biodiversity and to ensure biosecurity of local waters.