電腦科學與資訊工程

本研究企圖建構一個運用邊緣運算技術(Edge Computing)之人工智能機器人代理人(AI Agent)，並將之運用於實體人型格鬥用機器人的研究開發中。 在此以人型格鬥機器人做為場景需求使用設定目標，運用彈性化模組，加上分散式、嵌入式即時網路技術來降低系統設計的複雜度，整合通訊協議與深度學習YOLO影像演算法，進一步運用ZMP運動控制理論，以及多維感測器融合技術(sensor fusion)，融合陀螺儀(GYRO)、加速儀(accelerometer)、CMOS Sensors、FSR(Force sensing resistor)作為人形機器人智慧平衡基礎，再藉由圖形識別做為預測辨識以及智慧姿態ZMP控制技術作為攻防策略判斷。 整體系統藉由AI 晶片與嵌入式系統網路作為整合。透過網路即時傳輸環境資訊與指令，使機器人可以知道高層的指令目的資訊。值得一提的是本系統網路設計建構依照仿生哺乳類動物的分層式架構。神經系統將反射以及即時控制交由智慧代理人軟體作為即時演算與控制來達到高性能與彈性發展的需要，未來可用在高等擴充性的人形機器人使用，包括格鬥機器人，人形機器人工地建材搬運、具自平衡醫療外骨骼機器人......等，使人與機器人能並肩工作，提升人與機器人整合互動。

Triage is the process by which nurses manage hospital emergency departments by assigning patients varying degrees of urgency. While triage algorithms such as the Emergency Severity Index (ESI) have been standardized worldwide, many of them are highly inconsistent, which could endanger the lives of thousands of patients. One way to improve on nurses’ accuracy is to use machine learning models (ML), which can learn from past data to make predictions. We tested six ML models: random forest, XGBoost, logistic regression, support vector machines, k-nearest neighbors, and multilayer perceptron. These models were tasked with predicting whether a patient would be admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), another unit in the hospital, or be discharged. After training on data from more than 30,000 patients and testing using 10-fold cross-validation, we found that all six models outperformed ESI. Of the six, the random forest model achieved the highest average accuracy in predicting both ICU admission (81% vs. 69% using ESI; p<0.001) and hospitalization (75% vs. 57%; p<0.001). These models were then added to an Android application, which would accept patient data, predict their triage, and then add them to a priority-ordered waiting list. This approach may offer significant advantages over conventional triage: mainly, it has a higher accuracy than nurses and returns predictions instantaneously. It could also stand-in for triage nurses entirely in disasters, where medical personnel must deal with a large influx of patients in a short amount of time.

本研究旨在應用立體思維解決循環式的最大流量問題，於教師介聘中，可提出擁有品質保證之方法，並求得介聘成功人數之區間。教師介聘應為一限制的網路流（每個節點至少一入一出），試著求出最大循環流量。 教師介聘為學校間之教師調換作業，透過志願選填與其他參與者進行交換。以110年的介聘規則而言，介聘順序為單調→五角調→四角調→三角調→互調，相同者以積分高為優先。現有制度受限於作業期程、業務人員能力，約略簡化問題原型，但即使如此，介聘處理的結果仍不提供數據分析，導致無從分析其品質及過程，因此介聘的結果、數量和方法皆仍有很大的研究空間。 此研究除了可使媒合數量最大化外，進而由原模型衍伸出多種策略，可以透過調整參數並於結果與時間中取得平衡。單志願介聘中，透過使用不同模型使準確率（介聘成功人數/最多成功人數）介於88～100%，運算時間與準確率成正相關。多志願介聘以自訂規則作為範例，套用單志願介聘模型呈現效果。

The number of natural disasters has risen significantly in recent years, and with climate change there is no end in sight. Consequently, the demands on rescue forces around the world are increasing. For this reason, I asked myself what I can do to improve the work of rescue teams. Advances in artificial intelligence and drone technology enable new possibilities for problem solving. Based on the technological advances mentioned above, an autonomous Search and Rescue drone was developed as part of this project. The system assists rescue workers in searching for survivors of natural disasters or missing people. This paper also suggests a method for prioritizing survivors based on their vitality. The system was implemented using a commercial Parrot ANAFI drone and Python. The software was tested on a simulated drone. To simplify the development, the whole system was divided into the following subsystems: Navigation System, Search System and Mission Abort System. These subsystems were tested independently. The testing of solutions and new concepts were performed using smaller test programs on the simulated drone and finally on the physical drone. The Search and Rescue system was successfully developed. The person detection system can detect humans and distinguish them from the environment. Furthermore, based on the movements of a person, the system can distinguish whether the person is a rescuer or a victim. In addition, an area to be flown over can be defined. If something goes wrong during the mission, the mission can be aborted by the Mission Abort System. In the simulation, the predefined area can successfully be flown over. Unfortunately, controlling the physical drone does not work. It stops in the air after takeoff due to the firmware of the drone. It does not change the flight state of the drone, which results in all subsequent commands from the system being ignored. This paper shows that artificial intelligence and drone technologies can be combined to deliver better rescue services. The same system can be applied to other applications.

1920年代和1930年代，攝影設備剛剛起步，攝影設備只能拍攝黑白圖像的照片或影片，但仍有許多經典電影被記錄下來。如今，隨著科技的進步，攝影設備也在不斷迭代，彩色成像技術和高品質成像技術不斷被更好的技術所取代。因此，如何將黑白圖像轉換為彩色圖像成為一個重要的研究課題。本研究的目的是將黑白影片轉換成彩色影片。我們的方法可以分為兩部分：彩色化模型設計和影片連續性優化。在顏色轉換模型設計部分，我們使用了生成對抗網絡（GANs）技術，基於U-Net設計了5個模型，並使用COCO數據集訓練顏色生成模型。在電影連續性優化部分，我們首先使用景觀數據集中微調的前五個模型中最好的模型。在這個過程中，我們發現模型生成的影片存在顏色不連續的問題。因此，我們設計了三套方案來解決，比如使用H.264重新編碼生成電影，使用平均像素的色調值提高電影的色調穩定性，使用ORB預測個別幀。結果表明，影片的色彩轉換效果表現優異。

According to CNN Indonesia 2020, the demand for e-Commerce in Indonesia has nearly doubled during this pandemic. This surge in demand calls for a time-efficient method for warehouse order-picking. One approach to achieve that goal is by incorporating automation in their warehouse systems. Globally, the market of warehouse robotics is expected to reach 12.6 billion USD by 2027 (Data Bridge Market Research, 2020). In this research, the warehouse system studied would utilize AMR (Autonomous Mobile Robots) to lift and deliver movable shelf units to the packing station where workers are at. This research designed a heuristic algorithm called A.N.T.s (Algorithm for Navigating Traffic System) to conduct task assigning and pathfinding for AMR in the automated warehouse. The warehouse layout was drawn as a two-dimensional map in grids. When an order is placed, A.N.T.s would assign the task to a robot that would require the least amount of time to reach the target shelf. A.N.T.s then conducted pathfinding heuristically using Manhattan Distance. A.N.T.s would help the robot to navigate its way to the target shelf unit, lift the shelf and bring it to the designated packing station. A.N.T.s algorithm was tested in various warehouse layouts and with a varying number of AMRs. Comparison against the commonly used Djikstra’s algorithm was also conducted (Shaikh and Dhale, 2013). Results show that the proposed A.N.T.s algorithm could execute 100 orders in a 27x23 layout with five robots 9.96 times faster than Dijkstra with no collisions. The algorithm is also shown to be able to help assign tasks to robots and help them find short paths to navigate their ways to the shelf units and packing stations. A.N.T.s could navigate traffic to avoid deadlocks and collisions in the warehouse with the aid of lanes and directions.

According to CNN Indonesia 2020, the demand for e-Commerce in Indonesia has nearly doubled during this pandemic. This surge in demand calls for a time-efficient method for warehouse order-picking. One approach to achieve that goal is by incorporating automation in their warehouse systems. Globally, the market of warehouse robotics is expected to reach 12.6 billion USD by 2027 (Data Bridge Market Research, 2020). In this research, the warehouse system studied would utilize AMR (Autonomous Mobile Robots) to lift and deliver movable shelf units to the packing station where workers are at. This research designed a heuristic algorithm called A.N.T.s (Algorithm for Navigating Traffic System) to conduct task assigning and pathfinding for AMR in the automated warehouse. The warehouse layout was drawn as a two-dimensional map in grids. When an order is placed, A.N.T.s would assign the task to a robot that would require the least amount of time to reach the target shelf. A.N.T.s then conducted pathfinding heuristically using Manhattan Distance. A.N.T.s would help the robot to navigate its way to the target shelf unit, lift the shelf and bring it to the designated packing station. A.N.T.s algorithm was tested in various warehouse layouts and with a varying number of AMRs. Comparison against the commonly used Djikstra’s algorithm was also conducted (Shaikh and Dhale, 2013). Results show that the proposed A.N.T.s algorithm could execute 100 orders in a 27x23 layout with five robots 9.96 times faster than Dijkstra with no collisions. The algorithm is also shown to be able to help assign tasks to robots and help them find short paths to navigate their ways to the shelf units and packing stations. A.N.T.s could navigate traffic to avoid deadlocks and collisions in the warehouse with the aid of lanes and directions.

本研究使用半監督式機器學習搭配卷積神經網路來訓練核心模型，並將星系的圖片加入模型裡，讓電腦自動判斷出該星系的種類為何。我使用自行設計的CNN架構以及VGG-16當作我的卷積神經網路架構。資料集來源為EFIGI和Galaxy Zoo 2。我分為兩種任務，第一種任務是讓模型能分辨橢圓 (E)、螺旋 (S)、不規則 (I) 這三種類別的星系，訓練資料共有2,468張照片，最後的正確率能達到94%。第二個任務是將8種的星系照片(E、S0、Sa、Sb、Sc、SBa、SBb、SBc)進行分類，並使用自動編碼器作為預訓練，使用1,923張EFIGI的圖片以及1,258張Galaxy Zoo 2的照片當作訓練資料。由於各星系照片有許多外觀太過相似，測試準確度最高達到54.12%，基於我的研究，星系自動化辨識於天文學上應該有相當大的運用空間。

為了解決自動光學檢測的非穿透性檢測物體方式，使用自動X光檢測能解決此問題，因此，本研究嘗試開發自動X光檢測技術，並藉由常見的印刷電路板作為應用。作為結果，本研究能進行X光模擬理想化印刷電路板，搭配實體X光取像，藉由平移堆疊法重建出2.5D印刷電路板影像，並藉由霍夫法圓形辨識圈選錫球，輸入卷積神經網路，辨識錫球焊點之優劣。

2019年衛生福利部死因統計資料顯示和高血壓有高度相關的心臟疾病、腦血管疾病和高血壓性疾病皆在十大死因之列[15]。本研究提出以深度學習對心跳聲的時序頻譜圖進行訓練與分析的研究方法，應用此方法我們能以Convolution Neural Network(CNN)模型從受測者心跳聲預測出其血壓層級。CNN一般用於圖像分類，但在此研究中我們以此來分析心跳聲。本研究發現利用僅萃取第二心音的資料庫訓練效果較佳，並透過熱圖分析注意到模型對特定頻率域較為重視，在後續實驗中更進一步發現0~200 Hz和400~600 Hz在判斷高血壓時扮演重要角色。同時，我們也成功應用此方法，區分出長期高血壓和運動高血壓，證明心血管的結構改變在時序頻譜圖上有對應特徵。若應用於穿戴型裝置持續監控心跳聲，就能隨時追蹤使用者的血壓層級的變化，有異常便能盡早就醫，避免憾事發生。