液體中之球體運動與液體的黏滯性有關，本實驗找出球體半徑與終端速度之間的關係。利用攝錄機作為紀錄工具，拍攝三種材質（壓克力、玻璃、水晶）的球體在沙拉油中的自由落體過程。使用電腦影像處理軟體將影像分解成幅影像，時間的解析度為1/30秒。測量球體的高度與時間，分析高度與時間的變化情形，發現終端速度與球體半徑之間的關係。 流體中之運動方程Fdrag = -k1V，無法符合實驗結果。我們的實驗結果顯示油中的自由落體的運動方程應該是Fdrag = -（k1V+ k2V2）。由不同材質的壓克力球（~1.18g/cm3）、玻璃珠（~2.47g/cm3）與水晶球（~2.66g/cm3）所獲得的終端速度（Vt）與球體半徑（a）的關係為a3(ρ-ρ') = 0.00003（a Vt）2 + 0.00021（a Vt） + 0.00575，其中ρ與ρ'分別為球體密度與沙拉油密度（0.90 g/cm3）。 再者，在相同半徑的條件下，密度越大的球體終端速度越大，在靜止下落後，越久達到終端速度。 The motion of a sphere which is falling through a fluid is subject to the fluid viscosity. In this study, we find out the relation between the radius of a sphere and the terminal velocity. We used a digital camera to record the sphere's descent in the oil. The three kinds of sphere we choose are acrylic（~1.18g/cm3）, glass （~2.47g/cm3）and crystal （~2.66g/cm3）. Frame-by-frame analysis of the video footage yielded rough estimates of the sphere's location within 1/30 seconds accuracy for statistically consistent results. By measuring the location and time and analyzing them, we find out the relation between the radius of a sphere and the terminal velocity. The expression of the drag force,Fdrag = -k1V, is not cosistent with our results. The study indicates the expression of the drag force should be Fdrag = -（k1V+ k2V2）. The expression for the terminal velocities of the three kinds of sphere is of the form：a3(ρ-ρ') = 0.00003（a Vt）2 + 0.00021（a Vt）+ 0.00575, where a is the radius, ρ is the sphere density and ρ' is the oil density（0.90 g/cm3）. In addition, if the radius is the same, the terminal velocity of a denser sphere is higher and the time to approches the terminal velocity is longer.

在這篇報告中，我們以貝斯曲線的做圖原理建立出一種新的曲線－環狀貝斯曲線，進而得到不少有趣的結果。我們發現有名的古典曲線－蚶線，也是屬於二次環狀貝斯曲線。軌跡方程式為：，此時，係數恰符合二項式定理。之後我們推廣至n次環狀貝斯曲線的軌跡方程式：，也符合二項式定理。 在複數平面上，給定z0、z1、z2三點，我們定義出一個二次變換 ，若，，可映射成蚶線的圖形；若z∈實數，則可映射成拋物線。利用此結果類推我們找到一個複數平面上由 z0、z1、...、zn 所決定的n次變換將以原點為圓心的單位圓，映射成n次環狀Bezier曲線。 In this essay, we use the method of forming a Bezier Curve to establish a new curve, circular Bezier Curve, and find a lot of interesting results. We discover the famous classical curve ＂limacon＂, which belongs to the Quadratic Circular Bezier Curve. The locus of Quadratic Circular Bezier Curve is, where. Its coefficients match the binomial theorem. Then we apply it to the locus of nth-circular Bezier Curve:, and it also matches the binomial theorem.On the complex plane, we define a quadratic transformation corresponding to three points—z0,z1 and z2 as .If , where , a limacon is mapped. If z is a real number, a parabola is mapped. With this result, we will find a nth transformation defined by z0、z1、...、zn on the complex plane. It will form a nth-circular Bezier Curve with unit circle centering on the origin.

During the evolution of humankind, development of frontal cortex has played a critical role, where higher brain function like emotions, self-consciousness, decisions…etc, were all related to frontal cortex. On the other hand, thalamus is usually associated with relaying the sensory signals from peripheral receptors. In order to understand the functional role of frontal cortex, the signal processing mechanisms in the thalamo-frontal cortical pathway became an important research issue. The aim of this experiment was to find a method to dissect a brain slice that contains a connecting route in vitro between thalamus and frontal cortex with functional activity. Through nerve fibers tracking technique using fluorescent-dye (DiI), it was understood that the 3D-space connection between thalamus and frontal surface was an upward curve with a turn of about 110 degrees and bending inwards from the two sides. If a conventional horizontal section was performed, the route would be cut-off and its integrity lost regardless of the direction. To solve this problem, a novel section method was developed to retain the route. Based on the route direction shown by the fluorescent-dye, a piece of brain block was cut and flattened of about 110 degrees. Other sections were performed as control for studying the effectiveness of the sectioning on the plane of the route. Finally, electrophysiological methods were used to verify the connection route was complete and functional. Thalamus-evoked extracellular field potentials in the frontal cortex were observed by changing stimulation strength, adjusting slice temperature and prepared oxygen supply and administration of drugs like CNQX and picrotoxin in the 110 degree flattened slice but not the others. It was found that the reaction was essentially a neuronal response, indicating the pathway between thalamus and frontal surface was retained substantially. With this novel brain slice technique, we can assess the functional connection between thalamus and frontal cortex and investigate the cellular mechanisms of the signal processing in this connection pathway. It is anticipated that present technique provides an important step to further elucidate the functional role of the frontal cortex. 在人類的演化史上，前額葉的發展扮演了極為重要的角色，凡舉情緒、自我意識、決策等，皆與前額葉有關。而丘腦通常與視覺、聽覺及本體感受如痛覺、觸覺、溫度覺的訊息傳遞有關。要了解前額葉的功能，丘腦到前額葉的徑路及訊息處理機制，便成為一個很重要的研究課題。本實驗的目的是尋找一個方法能在離體的腦切片上維持具有丘腦到前額葉連結的徑路並且有功能的活性。經由螢光染料(DiI)神經束追蹤技術，了解從丘腦至前額葉路徑的三度空間連結為一先向下再向上約110度的角度轉折，並同時先由內向外再轉向內的曲線，若用一般水平之切片方法，無論何種方向，其路徑必定會被切斷，不能保持其完整性。為了解決此問題，發展出一種可以保存其路徑的腦切片方法。依照螢光染料所顯示出的的路徑走向，在腦塊的皮質上切一刻痕，將腦塊以110度的角度展平，使其路徑處在一個平面上再切片。最後利用電生理的方法來證明所切出的連結路徑是完整且具有活性。改變在丘腦的刺激強度、調整腦切片(腦脊髓液)溫度、氧氣的供給以及施予藥物CNQX、picrotoxin，觀察其前額葉之電位變化，發現其反應確實為神經反應，表示從丘腦至前額葉的路徑已在這種特殊的腦切片中被完整保存。藉由這個方法，將有助於研究丘腦至前額葉功能性連結，神經網路結構，及其訊息處理機制，並期待以這樣一個全新的方法將來有助於瞭解前額葉的功能。

The study is to investigate Taiwanese tardigrades,and the research of that is few. Tardigrades are commonly called water bears and have been identified more than 750 species. Limno-terrestrial tardigrades are small, 0.2-0.5 mm in length, and mostly found in moss cushions growing on rocks, soil, or the wall of houses. When the environment dehydrates in dry weather, Tardigrades desiccate into a reversible state of metabolic suspension called cryptobiosis. We have been finding a number of tardigrades in moss at many places in Taoyuan country. First, we put the moss on the dissected microscope to seek for tardigrades, and then placed it on the microscope for photographing and observing. The study is mainly focus on Taiwanese tardigrades. we have classified 11 Taiwanese species in four families（Echiniscidae,Calohypsibiidae,Milnesiidae and Macrobiotidae）, making Chinese keys of classification. From the habitat envoriment, the species, the density and the diversity we survey as well as the most suitable pH envoriment we experiment, we approach the relationship between the distribution of tardigrades and their habitat. Besides, we also research lots of conditions which bring cryptobiosis and make culture medium in order to inspect its living. These results indicate that tardigrades desiccate into cryptobiosis in ten munites in acid rain(pH4.65). From outdoor surveys, we have noticed tardigrades can’t be found in the moss right next to road.The length of each family is: Calohypsibiidae＞Milnesiidae Milnesium＞Macrobiotidae＞Echiniscidae. 此研究是探討台灣熊蟲，而有關台灣熊蟲的文獻資料極少。熊蟲屬於緩步門，體長約 0.2-0.5 mm，熊蟲在不利的環境會蟄伏，環境有利時又會膨脹而復甦，而其構造系統不因此而破壞。 我們在桃園縣多處的苔蘚發現熊蟲，我們先將採集的苔蘚放至解剖顯微鏡下尋找熊蟲，再由複式顯微鏡觀察構造並拍照紀錄。研究主要是探討台灣本地的熊蟲，我們已分類出十一種台灣熊蟲，製作中文檢索表。藉由觀測採集環境和所測的密度、歧異度和種類，及實驗出其最適宜的 pH值，探討環境對其分布的影響。也探討各種因素與蟄伏的關係，製作培養基以觀測其生活史。研究結果顯示：1.已經分類出台灣有緩步門四科（端爪科、Calohypsibiidae科、Milnesiidae科和 Macrobiotidae科）十一種熊蟲。2. 污染嚴重或環境髒亂的地方，不會有熊蟲的存在，且熊蟲有群居性。3. 端爪科(棕色)熊蟲在 pH4.65（台灣都會區雨的酸鹼值）以下的液體環境活動力明顯降低。4.熊蟲多分布在高溼度（87.5~90.4％）的地方，不分布在中低溼度 （76％以下） 的地區。5. 各科的體長為 Calohypsibiidae科＞Milnesiidae科 Milnesium屬＞Macrobiotidae科＞端爪科。

Our research is connected with the problem of the mercurious wasre products (MWP) recycling, luminescent lamps take a great part among them. The problem of recycling MWP is topical not only in Yakutsk, but also in other cities of Russia because of its toxic influence on the human’s body. Mercury is the top among eight the most dangerous metals. I have analyzed the conditions of recycling of luminescent lamps in Yakutsk schools. I have got data on the problem. There is a great amount of the fused luminescent lamps is stored in the territory of schools, it produces danger for the pupils’ health. On the research work I have proposed some ways of solution of the problem.

洗滌用的界面活性劑分散系，沾在吸管可吹成泡，沾在框上則生成特定形體的薄膜；兩種不同現象，依據各自的性質原理，分別設計為可測量的裝置，研討表面張力與濃度間的關係，發現『兩泡連通法』，測量的靈敏度較佳，並且；薄膜總面積法則會因為框的形不同，測得薄膜總面積與表面張力大小的變化趨勢不一樣，而且數據誤差都比『兩泡連通法』大。市售的洗劑有肥皂與合成清潔劑兩類，它們溶於水的分散系，表面張力與濃度大小的變化趨勢正好相反；肥皂的濃度愈大表面張力愈大，合成清潔劑的濃度愈小表面張力愈大。這種現象發生的原因，和分散質是否含苯環結構無關。用數位照相輔助毛細管上升法，觀測『兩泡連通法』標準液的張力與濃度關係，數據顯示兩泡連通法與毛細管上升法，兩者比較各種分散系張力與濃度大小的結果相同。因此，用『兩泡連通法』比較不同分散系張力大小是簡便生動的可行方法。The dispersion of surfactant used for the purpose of cleasing,if dipped on a blowpipe,can be blown into bubbles and,if dipped on a frame,will form a certain shape of membrane.For these two different situations,according to the principle of their quality,measuringdevices can be respectively designed to explore the relation of surfact tension to its concentrate.It is discovered that,with the measuring device of the Two Bubble Connection Method,the sensitivity measured is better;and that,because of the difference of the structures of the frames,the total area of the membrane and the change trend of the degree of the surface tension will also be different and the probable error of the measured digits is always larger and it is not easy to find regularity. For the two categories of dispersion,soaps on the market and synthesis detergent,when they are measured with the Two Bubble Connection Method about the relationship of their surface tension to the degree of their concentrate,the trend of change is exactly opposite.The surface tension and concentrate of the category of soap are in right proportion whereas,for synthesis detergent used for cleaning bowls and plater and washing clothes,when its concentrate is less,its surface tension is more intense.Based on the findings of this study,the concentrate and the change trend of the degree of tension have no connection with whether there is benzene structure in the solvent. With the Capillary Rise Method assisted by digital photography to observe the relation of the tension of standard solution to the concentrate,we have found that they totally correspond to the result measured with the Two Bubble Connection Method designed in this study.

這是一種可在膨脹狀態及未膨脹狀態間轉換的膨脹收縮瓶塞。本設計之瓶塞包含一彈性橡膠之塞座及一剛性塑膠之旋轉控座。該瓶塞在未膨脹狀態，可將瓶塞置於平口內將瓶塞順時針方向旋轉90度使瓶塞由未膨脹狀態轉換至膨脹狀態將瓶子密封；欲開瓶時將瓶塞逆時針方向旋轉約90度使瓶塞由膨脹狀態轉換至未膨脹狀態，可輕易將瓶塞從瓶子內拉出。根據顧客之需求設計瓶塞並選定適當之塑膠材料以製作旋轉控座及適當之衛生橡膠以製作塞座，依廠商提供塑膠及衛生橡膠之特性資料做有限元素分析預測橡膠元件受撐大之變形量，進行加工與製造印證分析之結果，與預期目標有相當的差異，故製作簡易之試件進行探求塞座內縮量與瓶塞膨脹量之關係， 探求瓶塞膨脹量與瓶子所能承受的壓力之關係，進而逆向設計瓶塞之塞座內縮量。 This is a kind of bottle plug that can change at the situation of swell or unswell.The design of this bottle plug includes a rubber plug and a rigid plastic controller that can revolve around. We can put the bottle plug at the top of the bottle and rotate it 90° c.w., the bottle pug will be at the situation of swell and then seal up the bottle. If we want to open the bottle, we just rotate 90° c.c.w., and the bottle plug will be at the situation of unswell and then we can pull the bottle plug out easily. I design this bottle plug according to the need of the customers; choose the certain plastic material to make the rigid plastic controller, and the properly rubber to make the plug; analyze and predict the amount of deformation by Finite Element Method in accordance with the characteristics of rubber and plastic supplied by the factories. However, the result and the expected result are quite different. In order to solve the problem, I make an easy sample to search for the relationship between the contraction of the rubber plug and the swells of the plastic controller and also the relationship between the swells of the plastic controller and the pressure that the bottle can endures. Then I design the contraction of the rubber plug on the base of the result of the experiment I made above.

Chitin, a polysaccharide common in biocomposites, has an interwoven organic framework that can act as a scaffold for mineralization in natural systems. Acidic amino acids, namely aspartic (Asp) and glutamic (Glu) acids, are the primary active molecules at biomineralisation interphases in mollusks and play an important role in controlling the polymorph and morphology of the associated mineral.\r In this study, chitin was extracted from squid pens and used as a scaffold for crystallization. The chitin scaffold was functionalized with glutamic acid and aspartic acid separately to create an artificial microenvironment for the study of biomineralization of calcium carbonate. The objective was to investigate the usefulness of the extracted chitin to serve as a scaffold for calcium carbonate crystallization, especially the fidelity of the polymorph nucleated to the amino acids and proteins used.

在這篇報告中，特別針對了凝膠的機制去做探討，以許多的實驗數據，再輔以凝膠的基本定義，去臆測各種有關於凝膠的老化機制，並藉由其過程中推斷出一些有趣的性質： 1. 當膠體內水分含量不同，與凝結後的醇類膠體有相當的影響。 2. 凝膠老化後形成的結晶形狀，因凝膠溶質、溶液內互溶性的不同，形成了不同凝聚程度的絮聚現象。 3. 同種陰陽離子在不同碳數的醇類凝膠中，因為與水溶液的互溶性也有所不同，間接影響了凝膠的形成速度，這對於安定來說，包含了很大的意義存在。 4. 對於其老化的速度，會因其安定程度而有所影響。 5. 老化後的溶液內的陰陽離子濃度，會直接影響其再次安定與老化的情形。 In this report, we especially do the discussion to the mechanism of the gel. With a lot of experimental data and the basic definition of gel, we conjecture various kinds of aging mechanism about the gel, and infer some interesting problems from its course: 1. Moisture content in the gel effect the gel’s quality after alcohol condensed greatly. 2. Because of dissolving difference between the alcohol and the other substances, crystallization forms after the gel aged have formed different degrees phenomenon of gathered. 3. The same kind of negative and positive ion among the alcohol gel that have different carbon atoms. Because of dissolving difference between the ions and the solution, the ions influence forming speed of gel indirectly. To being stable of the gel, this phenomenon includes very great meaning. 4. Stable degree of the gel can influence its speed of aging. 5. The consistency of negative and positive ion in the aging solution of the gel can influence its stable and aging situation again directly.

Farmers in many countries are legally required to identify livestock with some sort of tagging system. Tagging is required for ownership, breeding and as a means of tracking livestock during a disease outbreak.\r New Zealand farmers are required to fit all livestock with two ear tags (one in each ear). Ear tags are applied in a similar way to the piercing of human ears. The two tags are of different sizes and are known as the primary and the secondary tags. The primary tag is physically bigger than the secondary tag.\r We farm deer and have noticed that after tagging some deer develop ear infections at the site of tagging.\r A randomized controlled trial was undertaken in 105 fawns to test the hypotheses:\r ‧ Pre treatment of the ear tag with liquid iodine will reduce post tagging infection.\r ‧ A reduction in ear infections as a result of tagging will lead to more rapid weight gain.\r The treatment group had iodine applied to the sharp part of both primary and secondary tags immediately prior to tagging of the fawns. The control group was tagged in the usual fashion. Fawns were then assessed for infection at 6 and 11 weeks after tagging. Each ear was individually graded for infection and recorded against the number of the animal. Grading was on a scale of 0-3: zero having no infection; 1-slight redness; 2-a larger ring of redness and possibly some dried blood; 3-as for grade 2 plus swelling of the ear around the pin.