停車就是彈硬幣
在這個科展中我們要研究兩個非常有趣的問題：\r 停車場問題 與 彈硬幣遊戲.\r 停車場問題是這樣的：在一條單行道上有n個車位，編號從1到n。現在有n個司機排成一排要進入停車。但是每個司機都有怪癖，各自有最想要停的位子。他們依序將車子開進單行道，如果想要停的位子是空的，當然停在這個位子。但是如果不巧那個位子已經被停了，不得已只好找下一個空位，姑且停之。但是如果往下找都沒有空位，由於是單行道，司機就只好開走不停了。\r 比如說，如果現在有五輛車，司機的喜好分別是(3,1,2,5,2)。則五輛車都可以順利停車。但是司機的喜好如果是(3,1,4,5,4)，有些車就無法停車了。\r 彈硬幣遊戲是這樣的：考慮圓內接正n+1邊形，任意兩點都連線。這正n+1邊形中有一個頂點P是特殊的，每個頂點上一開始都放有一些硬幣(各點硬幣數可以不同)。如果P以外的某個頂點上的硬幣數n個，我們可以對這個頂點進行操作：一次操作是指將這個頂點上的硬幣各分一個給每個其他頂點。點P只在其他點都無法操作時操作。我們不理會頂點P上的錢數，因此這個遊戲可以無限地玩下去。
聞音起舞一 聲音對跳舞草小葉擺動之影響
跳舞草(Desmodium gyrans) 屬多年生木本豆科植物，其特殊之處在於小葉會對外界的聲音有所感應。本實驗以訊號產生器固定聲音強度，發出2、4、6、8、10 KHz不同聲頻之聲波刺激跳舞草，並以每5秒為單位紀錄小葉擺動角度之變化，分析其擺動週期、擺動幅度等不同的變化。實驗結果為跳舞草小葉之擺動週期與擺動振幅是隨著聲音頻率的增加而呈現sin函數變化之圖形。Desmodium gyrans (Leguminosae) is a perennial woody plant. Acoustic waves can stimulate stipules and cause to oscillation. This experiment used the coroma to immobilize strength, emitted the frequency of 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 KHz acoustic wave to stimulate stipules and recorded the changes of oscillation angle every five seconds. We calculated the oscillation cycle、oscillation span, and analyzed experiment data. The most importance result is that the experiment graphs of oscillation angle and oscillation span with different frequency of acoustic waves display sin function metamorphic diagram.
雙叉桿菌於不同優酪乳中抗氧化性之研究
The objectives of this investigation were to evaluate the growth conditions and the antioxidant activities of fermented black bean soy milk(BBSM) with Bifidobacterium longum B6 and 15708 cultured in four media, namely, ( BBSM ( 100%)+ 1% glucose ), ( BBSM (100%)), ( BBSM (50%) + milk (50%)), (milk (100%)) . These results indicated that; (1) both strains attained viable cell numbers about 7.19~9.53 log CFU/ml after 18 hrs of incubation and were in the order of ( milk (100%))＞( BBSM (50%) + milk (50%))＞ ( BBSM (100%) + 1% glucose)＞( BBSM (100%)), (2) both strains in ( BBSM (100%)) exhibited higher pH value ranging from 4.79 to 5.50 , but lower titratable acidity(%) ranging from 0.27% to 0.61% than the three other media after 48h of fermentation, (3) both strains displayed an even smaller tolerance to simulated gastric juice at pH = 2.0 for 3h, especially in ( BBSM(100%)), while in simulated gastric juice at pH =3.0 for 3h had higher tolerance , (4) both strains had high resistance ranging from 72.51% to 92.62% to 0.3% bile solution for 12h, (5) the reducing power of ( BBSM (100%)) was more excellent than that of ( milk (100%)), (6) the scavenging effect of yogurt (BBSM ( 100%) + 1% glucose) on DPPH radicals was significantly higher than that of ( milk (100%)), (7) In general, at ten- fold dilution the chelating effect on copper ions of these four un-fermented media except ( milk (100%)) was significantly higher than that of fermented media with B.longum B6 or 15708. 本研究是探討雙叉桿菌(Bifidobacterium longum B6及15708)在四種發酵基質(【黑豆奶(100%)+1%葡萄糖】、【黑豆奶(100%)】、【黑豆奶(50%)+牛奶(50%)】、【牛奶(100%)】)中的生長情形及抗氧化活性。結果顯示： (一) 兩株菌在四種培養基中的生長菌數大小順序如下：【牛奶(100%)】＞【黑豆奶(50%)+牛奶(50%)】＞【黑豆奶(100%)+1%葡萄糖】＞【黑豆奶(100%)】。 (二) 兩株菌在【黑豆奶(100%)】的pH值比較高於其他三種優酪乳，而最終發酵可滴定酸度比較低於其他三種優酪乳。(三) 兩株菌於pH2.0環境下，在【黑豆奶(100%)】優酪乳中耐酸性很低，而於pH3.0環境下卻有很高的耐酸性。(四) 兩株菌對0.3%膽鹽之耐受性均很高為72.52%~92.62%。(五) 在稀釋10倍的四種基質中，不論發酵前或發酵後的還原力皆以【黑豆奶(100%)】為最高，【牛奶(100%)】為最低。(六) 在濃度稀釋10倍時，【黑豆奶(100%)+1%葡萄糖】對DPPH‧自由基清除率明顯比【牛奶(100%)】高。(七) 在濃度稀釋10倍的四種優酪乳中，除【牛奶(100%)】外，發酵後比未發酵的銅離子螯合率明顯降低。
氣象因子對灰面鵟鷹過境遷徙之影響
本研究主要分析氣象因子對於灰面鵟鷹春季過境八卦山區之影響。分析1994年至2004年灰面鵟鷹遷徙資料發現彰化八卦山區之微氣象與灰面鵟鷹族群遷徙波動性具有顯著的相關性，其中以日平均氣壓、日平均相對濕度、日平均風速及日平均風向等氣象因子分別對起鷹、落鷹之族群數影響最為明顯。而其遷徙週期之動態變化，明顯地集中於約16日內完成主要族群之遷移。不論是同一年度內之高峰期變化，或是高峰期與日期契合之相關性，顯示氣象因子為其遷徙影響的重要因子。然而，從各年度間的遷徙高峰期間的相關性分析結果得知，目前11年過境調查紀錄，應該無明顯的規律性動態變化模式，考量其他對於遷徙過程可能具有影響的因子，應有其他的環境或生物因素影響遷徙期間族群的波動性及週期性。對於建立其遷徙模式而言，可能需要更多且更詳盡的遷徙紀錄，以及配合遷徙過程的各過境點的氣象或其他因素合併分析，方能獲得更為明確的結果。The main purpose of this study is to find the effects of the meteorological factors on the dynamics of the migrating population observed at the Pakuashan area in spring for the gray faced buzzard. The migrating population dynamics observed at the Pakuashan area correlated significantly with the local meteorological factors noted from 1994 to 2004. The daily average atmospheric pressure, average relative humidity, average wind speed and wind direction had significant impact on the soaring and landing populations of the gray faced buzzard. Obviously the annual migrating dynamics observed at the study site was accomplished within 16 days. In addition, the similar variation pattern of the peak migrating populations in the same year as well as the consistency of the date of the peak population observed annually supports the hypothesis that the local meteorological factors have a great impact on the migrating behavior of the populations. However, the correlation analysis of the peak migrating populations among years indicated that little cyclic migrating pattern was found in the past 11 years’ observation records. Other biotic or abiotic factors might have influence on the periodicity and fluctuation of the migrating populations. In order to establish a precise population model to describe the migrating behavior of the gray faced buzzard, detailed records of the migration process and the analyses of the relationships among the meteorological data as well as other factors and the bird populations observed should be gathered and performed.
金屬的盔甲
Our aim to attend this science fair is to design an instrument that can plat and measure the mass at the same time. In hope of designing a simple, accurate and convenient apparatus, we created an electronic circuit to display our original idea. In the process of constant improvements, we finally accomplished a “Super Mass Plating Gauge”, which can be easily and widely utilized in school teaching. The production of microbalance and the arrangement of electric circuit are the most significant parts in our research. The major components of the “Super Mass Plating Gauge” include a straw, metal clips and our creativity—the well-arranged electric circuit. The idea of microbalance originated from the Internet, but we advanced it by numerous experiments. First, we attached a steel cord to one side of the cathode in the electricity supplier. Next, we fixed the other side to the negative plate. And then, on the end of the negative plate, we tied a metal clip with the metal that will be plated. Eventually a new “plating gauge” was invented. By doing so, we could use this instrument to make our experiments. Our experimental goal is to research how different kinds of metal, time, electrode and voltage can affect the reduced mass on the cathode. We made use of such metal as copper, zinc and silver to carry out the experiments. In the end, by analyzing the results, we concluded a plating formula that can be applied to metal plating.
我們做此科展的目的，是要設計一個可以邊電鍍、邊測量質量的儀器，我們希望這個儀器是簡便、精確、且線路簡單，並且能推廣到教學的器材。經過我們不斷改良，終於完成了「便利質量電鍍器」 。 其中製作微量天秤和線路的配置方法，是本研究的重要部分。微量天秤的主要結構是吸管、鱷魚夾、及線路。微量天秤的構想，是參考以前的科展作品並加以改良，可精準測量到0.00010g，而裡面的線路，則是我們的創意（如圖一） 。只要把電源供應器的正極，接上左右任一鋼條，負極接到容器另一端，並加上一個鱷魚夾，夾上被鍍物，便是一個可邊電鍍，邊測量質量的儀器了！如此一來，我們就能以此儀器來作我們以下的實驗。 我們實驗目的在探討電鍍時不同金屬、不同時間、電極大小及電壓，對正極金屬片所減少質量的影響。 最後，我們推導出一個有關電鍍時正極金屬片質量變化量的實驗公式。為此，我們也要做許多次、許多種的實驗，來驗證我們的公式是否正確，並以我們所學的理論來推論。
環境標籤---地衣與環境污染的探討
隨著工商業發展，環境污染日益嚴重，對多數生長在這塊土地上的人，無疑造成了非常嚴重的影響。但若想要監控目前環境中的空氣品質，則必須具備專業的訓練，及昂貴的實驗設備，對一般民眾而言，根本就做不到。\r 藉由指標植物對所生長環境的高度敏感性，可以發展出一套純天然且免費的環境污染偵測器，不但方便、免攜帶、無須高級儀器協助、更不需要專業的分析技術。為此，我們以對二氧化硫等空氣污染物極為敏感的地衣作為指標植物，對其進行生態與環境污染關係的一系列觀察，並設計相關的實驗，找出環境污染物對地衣的實際影響，使其能夠實際的應用於日常生活，並可加以推廣，讓人人都可以利用地衣來了解自己所處的環境是否遭受污染，為自己家園的環境優劣把關。\r \r 文摘要 :\r With the development of industry and business , environmental pollutions become more and more serious . Undoubtedly , those pollutions have a great effect on us.\r However , by the means of the indicator plant which is highly sensitive to its environment , we can develop a set of natural and free environmental pollution detectors . In this project , we use lichenes,which are very sensitive to air pollution , to do a series of observations and to find out the influence the pollutants have on lichenes . If we can apply this to our regular lives , everyone can use lichenes to see if their environment is polluted or not .
蟹狀星雲的擴張
By comparing eight different epoch images of the crab nebula taken through 1942 to 2004, we have calculated the expansion velocity of 27 optical bubble features and 60 filaments. The mean expansion velocity of bubble features and filaments is 0.173 arcsec/yr and 0.15 arcsec/yr, respectively. We also estimated the maximum radial velocity of the expansion by analyzing the emission spectrum of the nebula. The maximum radial velocity is 1385.5 km/s. Combining these measurements indicates that the crab nebular is approximately 5870 light year away. In addition, if we assume that the nebula has been expanding at a constant rate, our expansion velocity projected backward indicates the mean date of the supernova event as A.D 1124, more than 70 yrs later than the accepted date of 1054. The result confirms the well-known acceleration in the crab's expansion. Although we have analyzed eight images with a 62 yr baseline, the acceleration still can't be derived from this study. 透過量測由1942年到2004年之間八張不同年代的蟹狀星雲中爆炸後殘骸的位置變化，可以計算出蟹狀星雲爆發的擴張速度。本研究選定了27個包狀物和60個纖狀物，計算出的擴張速度分別為0.173 arcsec/yr.和0.150 arcsec/yr。再透過分析蟹狀星雲的光譜所計算出的徑向速度（radial velocity）為1385.5 km/yr，進而推得蟹狀星雲的距離分別為5430光年和6370光年，平均值為5870光年。 另外，如果假設擴張速度是等速運動，那麼把求得的擴張速度倒推出的爆發日期是在西元1124年，這比中國紀錄中超新星爆發的1054年晚了70年。這顯示出蟹狀星雲的確非等速擴張而是有加速度的狀態，才會造成以等速倒推發生日期時，晚了70年。雖然本研究中分析了相差62年之久的八張影像，仍然無法分析出星雲的擴張的加速度情形。
基因突變對線蟲(Caenorhabdits elegans)之神經系統退化變異株的搜尋以及對其性??
This research is mainly in observation with Caenorhabditis elegans ’s genetic mutation caused via nervous system abnormal character. In the study, I the sample have been cultivated purified and add some chemical material EMS to speed up C.elegans mutation. Then based on the character to further analysis what causeof gene deal with mutation and observe the effects in heredity. The research has two stages, on the first stage of study the mainly target is to both search and purify the mutation of C.elegans. The second stage is based on the exploration of mutation’s searching andpurifying. Because the certain mutation bodies aren’t easy to find out, the project is still on progress at the beginning of second stage, and we conclude some heredity special cases in preliminary of study. 這個實驗主要是觀察並針對線蟲因為基因的突變所產生的神經系統異常的變異性狀，在實驗中我先將樣品線蟲培養並純化至一定數量，並加入適當藥劑EMS造成其突變，經篩選並分析此性狀，進而找出造成其突變之基因，以及觀察此性狀對遺傳表現所造成的影響。 該計畫分成兩階段，第一階段的實驗重點是在突變株的搜尋以及純化上，第二階段則是在突變基因的探討上，由於特定突變株的搜尋並非容易，所以目前計畫只進展至第二階段的遺傳實驗初期，對於其遺傳特徵與突變形式上已有了初步的分析，但尚未定位出該基因的位置。