環境標籤---地衣與環境污染的探討
隨著工商業發展，環境污染日益嚴重，對多數生長在這塊土地上的人，無疑造成了非常嚴重的影響。但若想要監控目前環境中的空氣品質，則必須具備專業的訓練，及昂貴的實驗設備，對一般民眾而言，根本就做不到。\r 藉由指標植物對所生長環境的高度敏感性，可以發展出一套純天然且免費的環境污染偵測器，不但方便、免攜帶、無須高級儀器協助、更不需要專業的分析技術。為此，我們以對二氧化硫等空氣污染物極為敏感的地衣作為指標植物，對其進行生態與環境污染關係的一系列觀察，並設計相關的實驗，找出環境污染物對地衣的實際影響，使其能夠實際的應用於日常生活，並可加以推廣，讓人人都可以利用地衣來了解自己所處的環境是否遭受污染，為自己家園的環境優劣把關。\r \r 文摘要 :\r With the development of industry and business , environmental pollutions become more and more serious . Undoubtedly , those pollutions have a great effect on us.\r However , by the means of the indicator plant which is highly sensitive to its environment , we can develop a set of natural and free environmental pollution detectors . In this project , we use lichenes,which are very sensitive to air pollution , to do a series of observations and to find out the influence the pollutants have on lichenes . If we can apply this to our regular lives , everyone can use lichenes to see if their environment is polluted or not .
灰階影像內容之檢索技術
資訊時代的來臨，促使我們的社會型態大幅改變，無一不朝數位化的方向邁進。網際網路與資訊科技的快速發展，近年來影像資料庫和數位圖書館大量的成立，關於影像資料檢索的研究已漸漸成為一門極為重要的研究議題。在本研究報告中，我們提出一種植基於向量量化編碼法的灰階影像檢索技術。向量量化編碼法是一種極為簡單的影像壓縮技術。我們應用這個編碼法，來萃取出灰階影像內容的特徵值。同時我們也計算出整張影像與影像中間位置的像素平均值，作為日後檢索影像時過濾掉影像資料庫中不需要比對特徵值的依據。\r 我們所提出的方法能有效地萃取影像內容的特徵值並且讓使用者可以快速且正確地查詢到所需要的影像。當影像資料庫中存在與查詢影像完全相同的影像時，我們的檢索技術都能在第一時間第一順位檢索出這張影像。即便影像資料庫中不存在與查詢影像完全相同的影像時，我們的檢索技術平均74.3%也能在第一時間前五個順位檢索出最相似的影像。\r \r With the coming of the information age, our sociological system change extensively, and everything has moves toward digitization. Due to the rapid development of Internet, information technology, the rapid growth of image databases and digital libraries recently, the related researches of image retrieval have become a very important issue. In this memoir, we propose an image retrieval scheme based on the vector quantization to retrieve similar images from the image database according to the pre-collected image features. Vector quantization is a very simple image compression scheme. We have applied vector quantization to extract features from grayscale image. In order to speed up the retrieval process, we also calculated the mean pixel values of whole images and the central part of the image to filter the images, which are significantly dissimilar to the query image.\r The experimental results show that our proposed approaches can effectively extract features from the image and enable users to retrieve images from image database quickly and accurately. When images stored in image database match query image, the proposed scheme can instantly retrieve the stored image at the first rank. Even though images stored in image database query image exactly, the proposed scheme can instantly retrieve the stored image over 74.3% at the first five ranks.
氣象因子對灰面鵟鷹過境遷徙之影響
本研究主要分析氣象因子對於灰面鵟鷹春季過境八卦山區之影響。分析1994年至2004年灰面鵟鷹遷徙資料發現彰化八卦山區之微氣象與灰面鵟鷹族群遷徙波動性具有顯著的相關性，其中以日平均氣壓、日平均相對濕度、日平均風速及日平均風向等氣象因子分別對起鷹、落鷹之族群數影響最為明顯。而其遷徙週期之動態變化，明顯地集中於約16日內完成主要族群之遷移。不論是同一年度內之高峰期變化，或是高峰期與日期契合之相關性，顯示氣象因子為其遷徙影響的重要因子。然而，從各年度間的遷徙高峰期間的相關性分析結果得知，目前11年過境調查紀錄，應該無明顯的規律性動態變化模式，考量其他對於遷徙過程可能具有影響的因子，應有其他的環境或生物因素影響遷徙期間族群的波動性及週期性。對於建立其遷徙模式而言，可能需要更多且更詳盡的遷徙紀錄，以及配合遷徙過程的各過境點的氣象或其他因素合併分析，方能獲得更為明確的結果。The main purpose of this study is to find the effects of the meteorological factors on the dynamics of the migrating population observed at the Pakuashan area in spring for the gray faced buzzard. The migrating population dynamics observed at the Pakuashan area correlated significantly with the local meteorological factors noted from 1994 to 2004. The daily average atmospheric pressure, average relative humidity, average wind speed and wind direction had significant impact on the soaring and landing populations of the gray faced buzzard. Obviously the annual migrating dynamics observed at the study site was accomplished within 16 days. In addition, the similar variation pattern of the peak migrating populations in the same year as well as the consistency of the date of the peak population observed annually supports the hypothesis that the local meteorological factors have a great impact on the migrating behavior of the populations. However, the correlation analysis of the peak migrating populations among years indicated that little cyclic migrating pattern was found in the past 11 years’ observation records. Other biotic or abiotic factors might have influence on the periodicity and fluctuation of the migrating populations. In order to establish a precise population model to describe the migrating behavior of the gray faced buzzard, detailed records of the migration process and the analyses of the relationships among the meteorological data as well as other factors and the bird populations observed should be gathered and performed.
金屬的盔甲
Our aim to attend this science fair is to design an instrument that can plat and measure the mass at the same time. In hope of designing a simple, accurate and convenient apparatus, we created an electronic circuit to display our original idea. In the process of constant improvements, we finally accomplished a “Super Mass Plating Gauge”, which can be easily and widely utilized in school teaching. The production of microbalance and the arrangement of electric circuit are the most significant parts in our research. The major components of the “Super Mass Plating Gauge” include a straw, metal clips and our creativity—the well-arranged electric circuit. The idea of microbalance originated from the Internet, but we advanced it by numerous experiments. First, we attached a steel cord to one side of the cathode in the electricity supplier. Next, we fixed the other side to the negative plate. And then, on the end of the negative plate, we tied a metal clip with the metal that will be plated. Eventually a new “plating gauge” was invented. By doing so, we could use this instrument to make our experiments. Our experimental goal is to research how different kinds of metal, time, electrode and voltage can affect the reduced mass on the cathode. We made use of such metal as copper, zinc and silver to carry out the experiments. In the end, by analyzing the results, we concluded a plating formula that can be applied to metal plating.
我們做此科展的目的，是要設計一個可以邊電鍍、邊測量質量的儀器，我們希望這個儀器是簡便、精確、且線路簡單，並且能推廣到教學的器材。經過我們不斷改良，終於完成了「便利質量電鍍器」 。 其中製作微量天秤和線路的配置方法，是本研究的重要部分。微量天秤的主要結構是吸管、鱷魚夾、及線路。微量天秤的構想，是參考以前的科展作品並加以改良，可精準測量到0.00010g，而裡面的線路，則是我們的創意（如圖一） 。只要把電源供應器的正極，接上左右任一鋼條，負極接到容器另一端，並加上一個鱷魚夾，夾上被鍍物，便是一個可邊電鍍，邊測量質量的儀器了！如此一來，我們就能以此儀器來作我們以下的實驗。 我們實驗目的在探討電鍍時不同金屬、不同時間、電極大小及電壓，對正極金屬片所減少質量的影響。 最後，我們推導出一個有關電鍍時正極金屬片質量變化量的實驗公式。為此，我們也要做許多次、許多種的實驗，來驗證我們的公式是否正確，並以我們所學的理論來推論。
雙叉桿菌於不同優酪乳中抗氧化性之研究
The objectives of this investigation were to evaluate the growth conditions and the antioxidant activities of fermented black bean soy milk(BBSM) with Bifidobacterium longum B6 and 15708 cultured in four media, namely, ( BBSM ( 100%)+ 1% glucose ), ( BBSM (100%)), ( BBSM (50%) + milk (50%)), (milk (100%)) . These results indicated that; (1) both strains attained viable cell numbers about 7.19~9.53 log CFU/ml after 18 hrs of incubation and were in the order of ( milk (100%))＞( BBSM (50%) + milk (50%))＞ ( BBSM (100%) + 1% glucose)＞( BBSM (100%)), (2) both strains in ( BBSM (100%)) exhibited higher pH value ranging from 4.79 to 5.50 , but lower titratable acidity(%) ranging from 0.27% to 0.61% than the three other media after 48h of fermentation, (3) both strains displayed an even smaller tolerance to simulated gastric juice at pH = 2.0 for 3h, especially in ( BBSM(100%)), while in simulated gastric juice at pH =3.0 for 3h had higher tolerance , (4) both strains had high resistance ranging from 72.51% to 92.62% to 0.3% bile solution for 12h, (5) the reducing power of ( BBSM (100%)) was more excellent than that of ( milk (100%)), (6) the scavenging effect of yogurt (BBSM ( 100%) + 1% glucose) on DPPH radicals was significantly higher than that of ( milk (100%)), (7) In general, at ten- fold dilution the chelating effect on copper ions of these four un-fermented media except ( milk (100%)) was significantly higher than that of fermented media with B.longum B6 or 15708. 本研究是探討雙叉桿菌(Bifidobacterium longum B6及15708)在四種發酵基質(【黑豆奶(100%)+1%葡萄糖】、【黑豆奶(100%)】、【黑豆奶(50%)+牛奶(50%)】、【牛奶(100%)】)中的生長情形及抗氧化活性。結果顯示： (一) 兩株菌在四種培養基中的生長菌數大小順序如下：【牛奶(100%)】＞【黑豆奶(50%)+牛奶(50%)】＞【黑豆奶(100%)+1%葡萄糖】＞【黑豆奶(100%)】。 (二) 兩株菌在【黑豆奶(100%)】的pH值比較高於其他三種優酪乳，而最終發酵可滴定酸度比較低於其他三種優酪乳。(三) 兩株菌於pH2.0環境下，在【黑豆奶(100%)】優酪乳中耐酸性很低，而於pH3.0環境下卻有很高的耐酸性。(四) 兩株菌對0.3%膽鹽之耐受性均很高為72.52%~92.62%。(五) 在稀釋10倍的四種基質中，不論發酵前或發酵後的還原力皆以【黑豆奶(100%)】為最高，【牛奶(100%)】為最低。(六) 在濃度稀釋10倍時，【黑豆奶(100%)+1%葡萄糖】對DPPH‧自由基清除率明顯比【牛奶(100%)】高。(七) 在濃度稀釋10倍的四種優酪乳中，除【牛奶(100%)】外，發酵後比未發酵的銅離子螯合率明顯降低。
Mushroom Cultivation
The first aim of my project is to learn more about mushrooms: their lifecycle, their structures, the nutritional value of mushrooms, the medicinal values of mushrooms as well as the biological importance of mushrooms.\r The second aim of my project was to find how mushroom are cultivated in the world and specifically how they are cultivated in Namibia, where climatic conditions are rather harsh for mushrooms. Through interviews, I aimed to understand why mushroom cultivation is not widely practiced in Namibia and what are direct economic advantages of mushroom cultivation in Namibia.\r The third aim of my project was to see whether I could find cheap and economic methods of cultivating mushrooms in Namibia, a semi arid country where humidity is so scarce.