2005年

在這篇報告中，特別針對了凝膠的機制去做探討，以許多的實驗數據，再輔以凝膠的基本定義，去臆測各種有關於凝膠的老化機制，並藉由其過程中推斷出一些有趣的性質： 1. 當膠體內水分含量不同，與凝結後的醇類膠體有相當的影響。 2. 凝膠老化後形成的結晶形狀，因凝膠溶質、溶液內互溶性的不同，形成了不同凝聚程度的絮聚現象。 3. 同種陰陽離子在不同碳數的醇類凝膠中，因為與水溶液的互溶性也有所不同，間接影響了凝膠的形成速度，這對於安定來說，包含了很大的意義存在。 4. 對於其老化的速度，會因其安定程度而有所影響。 5. 老化後的溶液內的陰陽離子濃度，會直接影響其再次安定與老化的情形。 In this report, we especially do the discussion to the mechanism of the gel. With a lot of experimental data and the basic definition of gel, we conjecture various kinds of aging mechanism about the gel, and infer some interesting problems from its course: 1. Moisture content in the gel effect the gel’s quality after alcohol condensed greatly. 2. Because of dissolving difference between the alcohol and the other substances, crystallization forms after the gel aged have formed different degrees phenomenon of gathered. 3. The same kind of negative and positive ion among the alcohol gel that have different carbon atoms. Because of dissolving difference between the ions and the solution, the ions influence forming speed of gel indirectly. To being stable of the gel, this phenomenon includes very great meaning. 4. Stable degree of the gel can influence its speed of aging. 5. The consistency of negative and positive ion in the aging solution of the gel can influence its stable and aging situation again directly.

Farmers in many countries are legally required to identify livestock with some sort of tagging system. Tagging is required for ownership, breeding and as a means of tracking livestock during a disease outbreak.\r New Zealand farmers are required to fit all livestock with two ear tags (one in each ear). Ear tags are applied in a similar way to the piercing of human ears. The two tags are of different sizes and are known as the primary and the secondary tags. The primary tag is physically bigger than the secondary tag.\r We farm deer and have noticed that after tagging some deer develop ear infections at the site of tagging.\r A randomized controlled trial was undertaken in 105 fawns to test the hypotheses:\r ‧ Pre treatment of the ear tag with liquid iodine will reduce post tagging infection.\r ‧ A reduction in ear infections as a result of tagging will lead to more rapid weight gain.\r The treatment group had iodine applied to the sharp part of both primary and secondary tags immediately prior to tagging of the fawns. The control group was tagged in the usual fashion. Fawns were then assessed for infection at 6 and 11 weeks after tagging. Each ear was individually graded for infection and recorded against the number of the animal. Grading was on a scale of 0-3: zero having no infection; 1-slight redness; 2-a larger ring of redness and possibly some dried blood; 3-as for grade 2 plus swelling of the ear around the pin.

自2004年4月29日至2004年8月30日止，研究不同食物量對於蓋斑鬥魚生殖表現之影響。自臺北縣水產種苗繁殖場取得40尾（北縣種苗場字第0930000192號），分成低、中、次高、與最高四個飼養食物量組（3, 6, 9 ,12 顆飼料/每隻魚），每一種食物量組進行四次重複實驗，每一個實驗箱飼養雌、雄魚一對，控制相同的光週期、溫度、密度等變因。結果顯示食物量為中食量組（6粒/隻）泡巢維持時間最長，與其他三組統計上有顯著差異，而其他生殖表現如雄魚的吐泡巢次數、泡巢間隔時間，以及雌魚產卵次數、產卵間隔時間，和魚卵孵化時間等四組之間皆無明顯差異。因此推測不同飼養食物量的處理對於蓋斑鬥魚生殖行為之影響不顯著。From April 29, 2004 to August 30, 2004, we studied the effects on breeding behavior of Macropodus opercularis in different quantities of food. We got forty fish from the nursery in Taipei County. We breed one male and one female in the tank, and the quantities food was set to low, middle, high, and highest groups (3, 6, 9, 12 granule forage per one fish). Every experiment group repeated three times. We also controlled the same light cycle, temperature, and density. We found that the longest maintenance time per one foam nest was breeding in middle group, and there is a statistically significant difference. But the other results had no statistically significant differences between different groups. Therefore, we inferred that the different allowance food feeding control had no significant effect to breeding behaviors of Macropodus opercularis.

Our research is connected with the problem of the mercurious wasre products (MWP) recycling, luminescent lamps take a great part among them. The problem of recycling MWP is topical not only in Yakutsk, but also in other cities of Russia because of its toxic influence on the human’s body. Mercury is the top among eight the most dangerous metals. I have analyzed the conditions of recycling of luminescent lamps in Yakutsk schools. I have got data on the problem. There is a great amount of the fused luminescent lamps is stored in the territory of schools, it produces danger for the pupils’ health. On the research work I have proposed some ways of solution of the problem.

這是一種可在膨脹狀態及未膨脹狀態間轉換的膨脹收縮瓶塞。本設計之瓶塞包含一彈性橡膠之塞座及一剛性塑膠之旋轉控座。該瓶塞在未膨脹狀態，可將瓶塞置於平口內將瓶塞順時針方向旋轉90度使瓶塞由未膨脹狀態轉換至膨脹狀態將瓶子密封；欲開瓶時將瓶塞逆時針方向旋轉約90度使瓶塞由膨脹狀態轉換至未膨脹狀態，可輕易將瓶塞從瓶子內拉出。根據顧客之需求設計瓶塞並選定適當之塑膠材料以製作旋轉控座及適當之衛生橡膠以製作塞座，依廠商提供塑膠及衛生橡膠之特性資料做有限元素分析預測橡膠元件受撐大之變形量，進行加工與製造印證分析之結果，與預期目標有相當的差異，故製作簡易之試件進行探求塞座內縮量與瓶塞膨脹量之關係， 探求瓶塞膨脹量與瓶子所能承受的壓力之關係，進而逆向設計瓶塞之塞座內縮量。 This is a kind of bottle plug that can change at the situation of swell or unswell.The design of this bottle plug includes a rubber plug and a rigid plastic controller that can revolve around. We can put the bottle plug at the top of the bottle and rotate it 90° c.w., the bottle pug will be at the situation of swell and then seal up the bottle. If we want to open the bottle, we just rotate 90° c.c.w., and the bottle plug will be at the situation of unswell and then we can pull the bottle plug out easily. I design this bottle plug according to the need of the customers; choose the certain plastic material to make the rigid plastic controller, and the properly rubber to make the plug; analyze and predict the amount of deformation by Finite Element Method in accordance with the characteristics of rubber and plastic supplied by the factories. However, the result and the expected result are quite different. In order to solve the problem, I make an easy sample to search for the relationship between the contraction of the rubber plug and the swells of the plastic controller and also the relationship between the swells of the plastic controller and the pressure that the bottle can endures. Then I design the contraction of the rubber plug on the base of the result of the experiment I made above.

洗滌用的界面活性劑分散系，沾在吸管可吹成泡，沾在框上則生成特定形體的薄膜；兩種不同現象，依據各自的性質原理，分別設計為可測量的裝置，研討表面張力與濃度間的關係，發現『兩泡連通法』，測量的靈敏度較佳，並且；薄膜總面積法則會因為框的形不同，測得薄膜總面積與表面張力大小的變化趨勢不一樣，而且數據誤差都比『兩泡連通法』大。市售的洗劑有肥皂與合成清潔劑兩類，它們溶於水的分散系，表面張力與濃度大小的變化趨勢正好相反；肥皂的濃度愈大表面張力愈大，合成清潔劑的濃度愈小表面張力愈大。這種現象發生的原因，和分散質是否含苯環結構無關。用數位照相輔助毛細管上升法，觀測『兩泡連通法』標準液的張力與濃度關係，數據顯示兩泡連通法與毛細管上升法，兩者比較各種分散系張力與濃度大小的結果相同。因此，用『兩泡連通法』比較不同分散系張力大小是簡便生動的可行方法。The dispersion of surfactant used for the purpose of cleasing,if dipped on a blowpipe,can be blown into bubbles and,if dipped on a frame,will form a certain shape of membrane.For these two different situations,according to the principle of their quality,measuringdevices can be respectively designed to explore the relation of surfact tension to its concentrate.It is discovered that,with the measuring device of the Two Bubble Connection Method,the sensitivity measured is better;and that,because of the difference of the structures of the frames,the total area of the membrane and the change trend of the degree of the surface tension will also be different and the probable error of the measured digits is always larger and it is not easy to find regularity. For the two categories of dispersion,soaps on the market and synthesis detergent,when they are measured with the Two Bubble Connection Method about the relationship of their surface tension to the degree of their concentrate,the trend of change is exactly opposite.The surface tension and concentrate of the category of soap are in right proportion whereas,for synthesis detergent used for cleaning bowls and plater and washing clothes,when its concentrate is less,its surface tension is more intense.Based on the findings of this study,the concentrate and the change trend of the degree of tension have no connection with whether there is benzene structure in the solvent. With the Capillary Rise Method assisted by digital photography to observe the relation of the tension of standard solution to the concentrate,we have found that they totally correspond to the result measured with the Two Bubble Connection Method designed in this study.

In recent years, sandstorms have seriously attacked Taiwan day by day. Combining with the observations of Central Weather Bureau and the satellite images of NASA, the study has been collected the data of suspension grain in decades. And the study hopes the sandstorms’ information could be observed in early period. Still it hopes to find out the possible transmission paths in the atmosphere. Then we know how to cope with sandstorms in early time. Sandstorms attack Taiwan frequently in spring, the end of the autumn and the beginning of the winter. Compared with the charts of sandstorms and the satellite images, we could broadly aware that the moving paths of sandstorms are related to the currents and the characteristics of the atmosphere. When El Nino happens, the times of sandstorms attacking Taiwan decrease, and that increase when La Lina happens. According to the results of spectrum analysis, there might be high peaks of a year and six months short period varieties. And low peaks of 2.2 years and 7 months period, tell us that the short period aerosol varieties should be relative with season changes, the long period aerosol varieties may be relative with the El Nino and La Lina period. 近年來，大陸沙塵暴侵襲台灣的情況日趨嚴重影響。本研究中收集了近十年來懸浮顆粒資料，配合環保署空氣品質監測站、中央氣象局所觀測的資料與美國太空總署的衛星影像資料及NASA航空資源實驗室的氣流軌跡回推圖，希望能夠在早期觀測時發現大陸地區沙塵暴訊息，和沙塵暴所帶至大氣中的懸浮顆粒可能傳輸路徑。發生沙塵暴侵臺事件的季節，主要在春季及秋冬兩季交替期間發生的次數為最多。由地面天氣圖表、氣流軌跡回推圖及美國太空總署的衛星影像進行綜合比對之後，可大致瞭解大陸沙塵可能的移動路徑與大氣環流特徵有關。 聖嬰現象（El Nino）發生時，侵襲臺灣的沙塵暴次數會減少。在「反聖嬰現象」（La Lina）發生時，侵襲臺灣的次數相對增加。經由頻譜分析中得知，懸浮顆粒高峰期的變化有1年期及6個月變化趨勢，懸浮顆粒低峰期的週期變化有2.2年與7個月的變化趨勢，顯示短週期大氣懸浮顆粒變化應與季節變化有關，長期性變化或許與聖嬰反聖嬰週期有關連。

Chemistry experiments in school produce an abundance of waste in both materials and equipment. Since hands-on experimentation is a critical pedagogical tool the trend in classroom experimentation is clearly towards environmentally friendly experiments that scale, but was also able to measure reaction rate in blue cupric sulfate solution using the color dissipation as a rate gauge. There was an evolution of apparatus and experiment design beginning with simple magnifying glass optics and advancing to a custom made, light-gathering microscope video apparatus that allows the experiment to be monitored and files recorded for later viewing. I was inspired by the Yin Yang Sea phenomenon in Taipei County. The Yin Yang Sea is a coastal area in Chinkuashih, Taipei County where coastal currents in the area lack the strength to disperse the heavy metal pollutants that empty into the Lientung Bay. The result is a contrast between the blue sea water and the turgid yellow ground water. This contrast led me to add an all-purpose indicator to the reactant solution. This deepens the visual effect of the electrolysis experiment. 我們從環境保護的角度去思考學校的化學實驗時，減量減廢的微型化學實驗已是未來實驗的趨勢。經過多年的努力，我除了成功的做到電解最微量的一滴溶液外，對於從藍色硫酸銅溶液顏色消失的電解時間裡，還可做定量的檢定感到不可思議！為了更清楚看到液滴溶液的電解反應，儀器的設計由放大鏡到自組顯微投影機，最後進階到顯微視訊的畫面，它不但可記錄下來，而且可在電腦中播放。為了更清楚看到液滴溶液的氧化還原反應和酸鹼變化，我想到了在北台灣的金瓜石海域一處特別的景觀，那就是離岸近海處有黃藍兩個不同顏色的陰陽海！於是我加了廣用指示劑到液滴中，由電解後出現的的陰陽海畫面，更可加深實驗的效果。 最重要的是：最環保也最接近零污染的顯微化學實驗，已然是未來可發展下去的目標。

任意一個三角形要如何分割成四個彼此相似的組成三角形呢？我們透過嚴謹的數學推理，先對三角形作二、三分割的可能情形進行驗證，並藉由已完成相似二、三分割的三角形，運用「內分」和「外加」的觀念，使相似四分割的討論變得明快，並得以將各式三角形的所有相似四分割的圖示作完整而有系統的呈現。 \r 我們也對「比例四分割」的作圖法與其相關幾何性質，進行猜想與討論，並驗證得出一些結果。尤其對「黃金三角形」經比例四分割後，組成三角形之對應邊長的比值也是「黃金值」，以及使用五條摺痕線的摺紙方式，可以摺出一張黃金三角形紙張的比例四分割，這些研究結果都令我們感到獲益良多。 How to divide a triangle into four similar little triangles？ Possible situations of dividing a triangle into two or three parts could be testified by strict mathematical inferences, and then the concepts of “internal division” and “external addition” could be applied to make our discussion clearly and briefly. With above discussions, figures about four similar divisions of all kinds of triangles could be presented completely and systematically. Some results were come up after making some conjectures and discussions about the geometric constructions and geometric properties of “four proportional divisions”. We learn a lot by these researches especially on the discoveries that the ratio of those corresponding sides in each four similar triangles which form a golden triangle, is also golden ratio; and that we could divide a golden triangle into four similar triangles by using five folding lines.

The definition of "Fermat Point" is that a dot, which lies in a triangle, has the minimum distance to the three apexes. In other words, "Fermat Point" has the minimum distance to three dots which are not on the same line. In the broad sense, then, in a N polygon, a dot which has the minimum distance to the N apexes could be named "Fermat Point." But what if we link up the N apexes and find out that they cannot make a convex polygon? The above is what we wish to fully discuss. Our inspiration comes from a paper on"Fermat Point." It just describes N convex polygon, so we think of putting the case to naturally polygon. The case may be that it is a concave polygon or part of the apexes which lies on the same line. We would not base our study on the conventional methods. Moreover, strictly defined, the repeated line segment will not be taken into account. That is, if the "Fermat Point" drops on the line with more than two dots on it, we just count the\r line segments except for the shorter line segments which were originally included in other studies. According to the theorem, our conclusions are as follows: 1. If N points lie on the same line segment, then the "Fermat Point"can be any point on the line segment. 2. If (N-1) points are on the same line segment, then the "Fermat Point" is on the point which two lines join together. One is that the line segment, and the other is the one which passes the remaining point and\r perpendicular to the first line segment. 3. Now there are (M+N) points. Among them, M points will make a M jog-polygon. The others all drop in the polygon. As the diagram shown beneath, we know that the "Fermat Point" drops on the point which two lines join together. The two lines must pass as many points as possible. 所謂的「費馬點」是指三角形內到三頂點距離和最小的點。換言之，「費馬點」就是到平面上不共線三點距離和最小的點。因此，我們可定義，廣義的「費馬點」即是n 多邊形內到各頂點距離和最小的點，亦即到平面上不共線n 點距離和最小的點，但若平面上n 點不能恰為n 多邊形的頂點呢？這就是我們所要討論的。由於我們的靈感來自一份關於「費馬點」的科展作品，所以我們想到，當平面上n 點不能恰為n 凸多邊形的頂點，甚或其中有一部分的點共線時，將不能以n邊形的方法來探討，但我們可以將之化為m 邊形內（n-m）個點來討論。而更重要的是，我\r 們增加了另一個限制，重複的線段將不被我們列入計算。亦即當所求點落在某一多點共線的線段上時，我們只計算該線段的總長，而不計其中重複的較短線段。根據這個原則，我們試行證明平面上三點、四點、五點及六點的可能情況，期望能從中找出足以推廣至平面上n 點的一般性。結果雖不完美，但我們總算差強人意的歸納出了下列結論：1.若n 點共線段，所求點可為所共線段上任一點。2.若（n-1）點共線段，則由該不共線點引一線與共線段垂直，其交點即為所求。3.若（n+m）個點中有m 個點為一m 多邊形的頂點，另外n 個點落在該m 多邊形內，則由兩個外頂點引直線盡可能通過最多點，該兩直線的交點即為所求。