全國中小學科展

2025年

含鐵、鎳之過渡金屬錯合物相變材料研究暨應用研析

量子運算發展日新月異,人類對上網溝通保密的需要與日俱增。市場已有量子資訊加解密所需的金鑰分配系統(QKD)搭配機密資料保險庫(Archive)。然實體金鑰因其安全性,不可或缺。本文探討以製備含鐵、鎳過渡金屬錯合物,利用含 X 光繞射儀等設備檢測、分析其結構與相變。並研析將該錯合物作為分子開關裝置,導入半導體製程,應用於研發上述金鑰之可行性。

製備藻類衍生物碳點與 Mxene複合材料並應用高效超級電容

本研究運用綠藻、螺旋藻、卡拉膠(k,i,λ)進行製備碳點並應用高效超級電容。本實驗已完成綠藻、螺旋藻、卡拉膠( k,i,λ)在不同的pH值中的溶解度測試,並找出綠藻、螺旋藻、卡拉膠(k,i,λ)各自適合溶解的溫度及溶液。此外,中途也已透過文獻中的實驗證實我們實驗中所運用的電化學實驗設計及裝置可以成功製備出碳點。而在電化學製備碳點的部分目前完成單獨藻類、藻類加histidne的電擊實驗以及測其吸收光譜,也運用先前製備出較穩定的碳點加入MXene進行電化學分析,透過碳點擴大MXene分層,以達到增加MXene電化學效能的效果。最後,預計之後將進行更多的電化學分析,進一步地確認碳點結合MXene能在超級電容的應用。

複合葡萄糖氧化酶的金奈米團簇應用於葡萄糖檢測

本研究使用牛血清白蛋白(BSA)、穀胱甘肽(GSH)、金離子合成金奈米螢光團簇,並修飾上葡萄糖氧化酶(GOx)。此金奈米團簇上的葡萄糖氧化酶與葡萄糖反應,製造出過氧化氫,改變金奈米螢光團簇表面特性使螢光強度減弱,偵測葡萄糖濃度。 本研究探討不同條件金奈米團簇和不同濃度的葡萄糖反應,知道此材料可檢測到最低濃度的葡萄糖,且金奈米團簇在血液中對葡萄糖具有專一性,可穩定進行血糖檢測。另外,與不同濃度的人體血清樣本反應,發現血清濃度越高的螢光訊號下降明顯,因此可知修飾上葡萄糖氧化酶的穀胱甘肽輔助之牛血清白蛋白金奈米團簇(BSA/GSH-Au NCs)可用於人體血糖檢測。本研究開發出靈敏、快速、穩定的葡萄糖檢測材料,並期待未來能運用於實際的人體血糖檢測上。

方格裡的秘密—隨機分布的機率探討

本文研究了一個信息完全公開的組合遊戲,探討當一群人被完全隨機的分配到模型裡時,其初始位置與特定位置所形成的包圍關係,並探討最佳的人力分配。本研究通過座標解析與不等關係的代數運算等方法,成功找出獲勝條件對於遊戲雙方的限制,並進一步解決問題。在研究的過程中,也將結論擴展到不同模型,探討不同模型對於遊戲造成的影響,並比較其結論有何區別。

Utilization of Nano cellulose from date palm waste for improvement of thermal stability in epoxy composite

Nano additives is becoming popular trends nowadays due to its nanosize (1-100 nm). Incorporating nano additives in polymer could increase different properties such as mechanical, physical, electrical and thermal stability (1, 2). Different nano additives has been used such as nano copper oxide, nano silica, nano zinc oxide, nano titanium dioxide but most of these come from synthetic or metal oxides that considered as non-environmentally friendly and harmful to human when exposed or inhaled (3). One of the green materials that become attention by researchers is nano cellulose. Nano cellulose can be extracted in different methods and sources such as from wood, and non-woody resources such as kenaf, jute, bamboo as well as from bacteria such as Acetobacter species(4). This making nano cellulose abundantly available in resources. Nano cellulose can be in the form of nano crystalline cellulose (CNC) or NCC or can be in form of nano fibrillated cellulose (NFC) and bacterial nanocellulose (BNC)(5). This nanocellulose has many advantages that can give improvement in different applications such as mechanical, physical, thermal and improving the biodegradation when added together in different matrices (6, 7). Polymers have a problem in thermal stability while processing. It hard to control and maintain the thermal stability of polymer during processing and most polymers considered to have low in thermal stability except for thermosetting polymers such as epoxy. Epoxy has been widely used in many fields such as coating, adhesive, laminates, castings and many more (8). But the drawbacks of epoxy while using is hard to maintain and controll the thermal properties when processing of this materials and used for long period due to aging and attack by free radicals causing by UV radiation (9, 10). In this study we are incorporating nano additives into epoxy as polymer matrix to enhance and improve the thermal stability of composite by crosslinking the polymer chains with the nano additives. Furthermore, the nano additive used is come from nano cellulose extracted from date palm waste and thus to create an environmentally friendly and sustainable nano additives products.

Reviving Resources: Harnessing Soap Nut Greywater for Sustainable Plant Growth

Due to widespread water shortages, there is an increasing need for innovative water conservation strategies, such as reusing greywater from laundry. The World Health Organization (WHO) recognizes greywater as suitable for plant irrigation, but commercial laundry detergents contain synthetic chemicals that can harm both the environment and plant health. Soap nuts, derived from the Sapindus mukorossi tree, offer a natural alternative. Their pericarp is rich in triterpenoid saponins, amphiphilic compounds, composed of hydrophilic sugar group and hydrophobic triterpenoid sapogenins. These saponins mimic the chemical structure of surfactants in detergents, allowing soap nuts to act as natural foaming and surface-active agents in water. As a result, soap nuts have long been used as a sustainable option for shampoo and laundry detergent in many Asian countries (Sochacki & Vogt, 2022). Greywater, an often overlooked resource, is generated from household activities like laundry, showers, and basins. Unlike blackwater, it contains lower levels of pathogens and bacteria. However, due to a lack of awareness, greywater is frequently mixed with blackwater and directed to the same sewage treatment systems (Greywater Systems: From Recycling to Filtration, n.d.). Greywater accounts for 50-80% of a household’s daily wastewater (Wong, 2011). Repurposing greywater offers a promising and sustainable solution to address water conservation challenges.

二氧化碳捕捉術-銅鋅雙金屬奈米觸媒對二氧化碳還原反應效能及機制之研究(Carbon Dioxide Capture Technology: Study on the Efficiency and Mechanism of CO2 Reduction Reaction Using Copper-Zinc Bimetallic Nanocatalysts talyst)

本研究以電化學二氧化碳還原反應(CO2RR)技術將二氧化碳還原成高經濟能源燃料,使用水相合成法製備Cu/Zn銅鋅雙金屬奈米觸媒,改變金屬間的比例: Cu2Zn1、Cu1Zn1、Cu1Zn2以及通入N2/O2/H2 熱處理改變觸媒氧化態,而改變氧化態可以在化學性質、催化活性、電子結構等方面有重要影響使其催化出不同反應路徑,改變產物生產效率和選擇性。用能量散射光譜儀、X光繞射儀鑑定奈米觸媒間金屬比例和晶型;線性掃描伏安法和氣相層析儀探討二氧化碳還原法拉第效應和生產效能。結果發現Cu2Zn1-N2能產生最多的CH4,因改變氧化態使其效能高達53.03%; Cu1Zn2產生最多的CO,效能為44.99%,推論為鋅的比例較高所致。

水中的奇妙力量探秘 沃辛頓射流

我們以實驗室及生活上容易取得的重物與乒乓球模擬網路上跳水彈射手中球體的沃辛頓射流實驗。結果發現以圓形的類天然海棉托住乒乓球丟入水中可成功產生射流,因此選擇此為托球的載體進行實驗。依據我們的實驗結果,至少需要15公分水深才能形成完整的射流彈射出乒乓球,原則上在下落軌跡完全垂直於水面時,落下高度越高,球體彈射高度越高,實際實驗水深15公分以上時,落下高度50公分彈射高度約可達47公分,但結果受限於托球的海綿在落下高度40公分後下落軌跡不穩定,若期望更高的射流強度需要尋找更穩定下落的載體。最後我們將實驗影片逐格分析計算,證實球體彈射過程是一個反覆受到重力及空氣阻力等因素影響降速,又受到下方射流水柱力量推擠而加速的過程,初步建立以乒乓球標示射流噴射過程運動模式的邏輯。

磁懸浮裝置探究及相關參數之探討

本研究主要以磁懸浮為主題,嘗試利用單顆磁鐵及銅板組成的系統使銅板上方的磁鐵得以懸浮 ,並觀察分析其懸浮狀況與上方磁鐵的姿態。過程中量測了銅板對磁鐵造成的阻力以及下方磁鐵連接在轉盤旋轉時銅板上方的磁場大小與各種參數的關係。本研究主要針對轉盤轉速及銅板厚度作為變因,量測分析了在不同參數組合之下上方磁鐵的移動半徑、傾斜角度、面向方向以及其懸浮狀況。由於目前技術尚未突破至能使上方磁鐵穩定懸浮,因此定義了懸浮係數以說明磁鐵懸浮狀況。最後求出了銅板造成的阻力與磁鐵本身移動速度以及銅板厚度的關係式、磁場強度與轉盤中心距離與銅板厚度或轉速的關係、並以相圖描述了不同參數之下上方磁鐵的懸浮狀況。

The Effects of Background Color on Color Preference 探討不同背景顏色對色彩偏好的影響

色彩偏好影響生活的許多決策,對於背景對色彩偏好的影響,現行兩個色覺理論(對比理論與生態價理論)有不同的解釋,本研究以高中生為對象,旨在探討背景對色彩偏好影響與支持理論,並提出運用方向。 之前色彩定量方式缺乏對敏感度與視錐細胞的考量,本研究發展以中性灰為基礎對不同色彩的定量方法,並以此進行色彩偏好測試。實驗結果發現:顏色偏好會受到背景影響(支持對比理論),背景對各色彩具不同影響力,偏黃偏綠顏色受背景影響較大;綠色與藍色背景提升偏黃與偏綠之顏色偏好而紅色背景則會下降(支持生態價理論),背景亮度不影響顏色偏好。期望研究結果有助於青少年環境與產品設計配色參考,並對未來背景影響顏色的神經機制研究提供基礎。