2024年

以台灣常見的植物”苧麻”所製之纖維線作為線微流體應用，開發出低成本、操作便利、量測信度高的工廠汙染物濃度判斷用模組。以線微流體進行了 鉛離子、銅離子、硫氰根、磷酸根，亞甲藍及剛果紅的濃度量測。這些經常於 工業製程上或是紡織業所產生的汙染源，透過線微流體分析，檢測濃度最高可 由 2.0g/L 到最低 0.4g/L，且獲得判定係數(R2)達 0.98 以上完整的檢量線，該模組可以進行相當準確的汙染源濃度檢測。此外，本研究也探討苧麻線微流體 在不同的待測物上所呈現的各種數值回歸。除了有線性回歸之外，亦發現也有 對數回歸。透過黏度的實驗，來探討微流體濃度與層析長度之間的關聯性，可 快速建立待測物檢測檢量線是否存在的方法。

本研究主要目的是研究機器人以等距行進方式從起點前進回到起點的回程路徑問題。 主要以三角函數、遞迴數列、數學歸納法等數學模型來探究、推演與論證，同時利用數學電腦軟體來計算與驗證。一開始先利用Geogebra來探索原始題目，初步得到一些性質和結果；接著，再延伸題目，依不同的起始點位置，探討步數和角度的關係、行進過程中各落點位置的遞迴關係與回程路徑。最後，再將兩條相交直線延伸成三條共點的直線，並依其間的夾角度數，探討以等距行進方式從起點前進回到起點的回程路徑數問題。 本研究根據所建構的數學模型，依不同起始點位置，構作出機器人以等距行進方式回到起始點的回程路徑圖，並得到此回程路徑上相對位置的遞迴關係。本研究在研究過程中，得到一些有趣的數學理論，期望這些成果未來能夠應用於AI機器人運動模式的相關領域。

The purpose of the project was to find out whether humans can tell the difference between human-generated text and artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots-generated text and to identify how Al-generated text differs from human-generated text. The dependent variable was the results given by the participants (whether the paragraphs were Al-generated texts or human-generated text). The Independent variable was the participants in the experiment and the controlled variable was the type of paragraphs (both the Al-generated texts and human-generated texts) and time used to test each participant. The hypothesis for this experiment was that the participants were not going to be able to differentiate between AI-generated text and human-generated text. In this descriptive and mixed-method study, participants were presented with questionnaires. Each participant needed to state whether they thought each paragraph was human-generated or AI-generated. At the end of the questionnaire, the participants were asked to briefly explain what assisted them in differentiating between the two. They were given 60 seconds to decide. A stopwatch was used to time them. A sample of 456 participants took part in this project. They were not told how many AI-generated passages and human-generated passages there were in the selection. They only knew the total number of passages. Over 99% of the participants could not correctly differentiate between AI-generated text and human-generated text in all passages. Only four participants were able to get 100% of the questions correct. All four learners attend schools located in urban areas. After I did my analysis, I discovered that my hypothesis was incorrect. Four of the participants were able to get 100% of the questions correct this indicates that not all the participants were not able to tell the difference between Al-generated text and human-generated text. This rejects my hypothesis. However, the chances of humans differentiating between the two are very low. All four learners attend schools located in urban areas; this indicates that it is easier for learners attending urban area schools to recognise AI-generated texts than learners attending schools located in rural areas.

In the first part of this project, distilled water and 95% ethanol were used to extract ultra-violet(UV)-absorbing and anti-oxidizing compounds from different types of algae including kelp, wakame, sea grape and nori. Activated charcoal was used in attempt to purify the extracts and removed excessive pigments. It was found that the charcoal was more effective in adsorbing pigments from ethanol extract in which up to 80 to 100% pigments could be removed. The UV-absorbing and anti-oxidizing properties of the algae extracts were also studied. All algae extracts showed significant UV-absorbing and anti-oxidizing properties. In particular, extract formed by using 3 g kelp powder in distilled water could significantly reduce 50% UV intensity and react 96.5% DPPH solution which acts as a source of free radicals. In the second part of the project, three applications of algae were explored in details. Firstly, it was found that kelp, wakame and nori extracts by using over 2 g of algae in 30 mL olive oil could absorb UVA and UVB by over 90%, which is comparable to the performance of zinc oxide, a common ingredient in commercial sunscreen products. Costs of preparing the sunscreens were also compared. Except for wakame extract, all other extracts were cheaper than using zinc oxide. Moreover, the kelp extract was found to maintain its UV- absorbing and anti-oxidizing abilities after at least 30 days of storage under room conditions. Lastly, sodium alginate was successfully extracted from kelp with a product yield up to 30%. The alginate solution was then used to form a calcium-alginate protective coating on plastic slides to reduce UV intensity by up to 50%. This aims to apply on nails or fingers during UV nail gel polish to protect against UVR.

本研究提出了一種基於毫米波FMCW雷達的即時居家健康監測系統，與RGB攝影機感測器方案相比，該系統更具成本效益並保護用戶隱私。對於居家健康監測系統來說，除了走、站、坐、臥四種常見的身體動作外，及時發現緊急情況也至關重要。因此，我們支持跌倒偵測以及兩種手勢的識別，一種用於頭痛，另一種用於緊急事件。然而，由於雷達點雲的稀疏和不規律特性，我們提出一種新的身體動作波形表示方式和一套處理程序用來平滑動作波形，利用雷達點雲的三度空間座標和速度在時間序列上的變化波形來表示動作特徵並作為神經網路的輸入，再搭配一輕量級的1D-CNN+LSTM神經網路來實現即時動作辨識。根據實驗結果，此方法可以達到30FPS的輸出效率和94%的辨識準確率。

思覺失調症與焦慮症皆是嚴重損害病人健康且造成社會極大負擔的精神疾病，急需研發有效治療藥物。本研究以藥物及壓力引發之小鼠異常行為為模式，探討新研發的新穎腺苷調控藥物（Novel Adenosine Modulator）對於這些疾病的治療潛力。實驗一以藥物 MK-801 引發成年雄性小鼠類思覺失調症症狀，給予新穎腺苷調控藥物可緩解曠野測驗中 MK-801 引發的過度活動量，且不會造成小鼠產生失樂症狀或體重改變。但對於 MK-801 引發的感覺動作門閾過濾反應缺損則無顯著療效。實驗二以不可預測長期輕微壓力（unpredictable chronic mild stress）引發成年雄性小鼠類焦慮症與類憂鬱之行為異常，新穎腺苷調控藥物可以改善小鼠的失樂症狀。這些結果顯示這個新藥具有潛力值得後續繼續研究。

騎士巡遊是一個著名的圖論問題，指的是給定一特定大小的棋盤，讓騎士透過日字型移動看是否能不重複的通過每一個點，若最後回到原點，則稱為哈密頓迴圈(閉循環)，若否，則為哈密頓路徑(開循環)。而這兩種問題前人都已經研究出了成立條件，因此我決定研究當騎士不再透過日字型的移動會發生什麼事，並探討能否透過特定移動方式，讓騎士能夠在無限大的棋盤上，不重複的通過每個格子點形成開循環。 而我的想法是先透過尋找騎士能走出來的單位圖形(矩形等能夠拼接成無限大平面的圖案)，如此，我的目標是著重在找出他們的單位圖形並想辦法拼接。

Calcineurin (CN) activation is a main cause of cancerous tumor formation, one of the leading causes of death globally. Cyclosporine-A (CsA) is a commercially available oral drug that inhibits CN activation; however, low bioavailability limits its use. Nine patented CsA conjugates are potential alternatives to CsA as they have improved cytotoxicities and bioavailabilities but unknown CN-binding affinity. This study aimed to identify the CNinhibition strength and bioavailability of CsA conjugates in silico drug-likeness evaluation via modified Lipinski’s Rule of Five was done on CsA, voclosporin, and CsA conjugates to test bioavailability. The binding affinities of bioavailable compounds were computed via docking to CN in five trials, and the binding affinities were compared. The Water-soluble, RVal, IIA, Alpha, and MeBmt 2 conjugates showed improved bioavailabilities compared to CsA as they passed the drug-likeness screening. After five trials of computational docking to CN, the IIA and RVal conjugates showed improved binding affinities at -15.8 kcal/mol and -15.2 kcal/mol, respectively, compared to CsA at -14.3 kcal/mol. Notably, IIA also showed an improved binding affinity compared to voclosporin at -15.5 kcal/mol. These results suggest that CsA conjugates may be better oral chemotherapeutic drugs than CsA.

「2030 永續發展目標」，其中 SDG6 clean water 和 SDG13 的 climate action 讓我們開始思考怎麼樣可以讓人人能享有乾淨衛生的水以及面對氣候變遷的調適。我們建置一套液流式脫鹽電池實作海水淡化實驗，並將電極以碳布作修飾， 在 0.4 V 的操作條件下進行了 450 分鐘的海水淡化實驗。海水的導電度在淡室中從 45.36mS/cm 降至 0.29 mS/cm，並於濃室中提升至 76.17mS/cm。其 ASRR 為726.98μg/min/cm2，所需能耗為 55.29kJ/mol，電荷效率達 69.79%，成功的將海水淡化。分離後的鹵水再與二氧化碳及澎湖的玄武岩進行礦化反應實驗，在鹵水溶液礦化封存反應初期，二氧化碳與水溶液中大量的陽離子反應使得水溶液整體的濃度及 pH 值下降，使得整體反應趨向於玄武岩溶解反應；而隨著反應時間的增加玄武岩溶解量逐漸提高，水溶液中的陽離子濃度及 pH 值再度上升，使得整體反應自溶解狀態朝著礦化沉澱方向發展，在得到珍貴的水資源的同時還可將二氧化碳礦化，達到淨零的目標。

我國慢性腎病人口約 14%，大多患者會因藥物或免疫疾病而走向腎纖維化。根據文獻， miR-17-92 會影響 T 細胞分化，分化的差異則會造成不同程度的腎纖維化。 本研究取不同基因型小鼠的 CD4+T 細胞做體外分化。結果顯示含 miR-17-92 基因較多的 T 細胞分化成 Th1 比例較高、Treg 比例較少，但對 Th17 無顯著影響。將小鼠腎纖維化模式處理的細胞進行 RT-qPCR 和染色實驗，觀察剔除 miR-17-92 基因的小鼠（簡稱 KO）腎纖維化的情形，發現造成腎纖維化的纖維蛋白、膠原蛋白和其 mRNA 的表現量均減少。將WT 和 KO 小鼠腎臟進行染色後，發現 WT 小鼠腎中 Th1 的數量較多，Treg 則較少。綜合實驗結果推論，miR-17-92 可以增加腎中 Th1、降低 Treg 的數量，而 Th1 則會加重腎纖維化的情形。期盼本研究能對腎纖維化疾病有所貢獻。