2022年

常見模式生物檢測化學環境壓力後無法重複使用。本研究探討對環境變化敏感的大生熊蟲抗化學環境壓力機制，評估其作為重複使用模式生物可行性。得知多數大生熊蟲於硝酸鹽、酸鹼值改變與殺蟲劑環境壓力下仍能活動或隱生。以亞甲藍簡易染色可確認化學環境壓力下大生熊蟲是否受傷害，如體表角質層被破壞會導致完全染色。分析大生熊蟲於常見硝酸鹽環境壓力下體內脂質含量、總蛋白質單體表現量與總抗氧化能力，推測出大生熊蟲對抗硝酸鹽環境壓力機制：1.藉由> 20 kDa持續性活化蛋白抗硝酸鹽環境壓力。2.活動大生熊蟲增加體內脂質含量隔絕環境硝酸鹽。3.隱生大生熊蟲以抗氧化系統降低硝酸鹽產生的氧化壓力傷害。以上結果得知大生熊蟲具潛能檢測常見化學環境壓力並作為重複檢測之模式生物。未來將持續評估大生熊蟲可檢測的化學環境壓力並為人類健康把關。

This paper represents IOT Based Automatic Water Temperature Adjustor. IoT (Internet of Things) refers to the network of physical objects that are embedded with sensors, software, and other technologies for the purpose of connecting and exchanging data with other devices and systems over the internet. This system is for adjusting water temperature according to the possible surroundings such as home temperature, atmosphere temperature, etc. To solve problems like high water temperature while using, time-consuming waiting for water to heat and cool, high power consumption, and not satisfying water temperature this system offers the feature for automatically adjusting the temperature. Arduino, DHT11 (Temperature-Humidity Sensor), Bread Board, DS18B20 (Water Temperature Sensor), Jumper Wires, Resistor, I2C OLED, Water Heating Coil, Relay and LED are used for operating this system. The application of this system is very vast as it can be implemented in power plants, hospitals, mountain regions, local homes, and lodges. This system is time-saving, cost-efficient, easy to implement, provide automatic features, less power consumption, safety, and many more. Compared to other water geyser systems it has the feature of automatically detecting the environmental temperature and adjusting the temperature of the water accordingly. This system is still in its developing phase.

The lack of drinking water in human settlements triggers a series of problems that are linked and affect the development of humanity: health problems, lack of water security for companies, lack of jobs, insecurity, among others. We observe this problem in the communities of the municipality of Las Vigas de Ramírez, Veracruz, where there is a great problem with the water supply, although there is a high presence of mist. Faced with this situation, we undertook the task of investigating a water harvesting method that is easy to implement, operate and maintain. We investigated and analyzed the methods of mist condensation through physical barriers, finding that the polyethylene shadow mesh was the means to achieve this, because it allows the passage of the wind, it is very light, easy to manipulate and above all that it presents the phenomenon of percolation that allows water droplets of various diameters to be accommodated therein. We designed a device that allows to present a mist catchment area through a prismatic structure enabled with meshes and condensed water receivers, portable, easy to use and maintenance and very economical with a performance of 20 liters per day. To achieve our project, factors such as air humidity, dew point, wind speed and direction, height, temperatures and available spaces must be considered.

Microplastics are tiny invisible plastic pieces that are piling up in the marine environment emerging as one of the many environmental issues which our planet is facing today. Researches for the removal of these particles are important because studies that have been made so far haven't come up with an effective solution. This project aimed to detect microplastics and remove them from aqueous environments with an effective and practical method then it was aimed to determine the removal amount of microplastics by optical measurements with the developed system. Firstly, the magnetic carbonanotubes (m-CNT) which is intended to hold onto the surfaces of microplastics was synthesized and added to the mixture of microplastics. Then the magnet within a glass tube was passed through the mixture and the sample was cleared of microplastics. A spectrometer was made to monitor this process and after its calibration, it was used to measure coffees with different concentrations. It has been shown that their concentrations can be determined by calculating the transmission values and Rayleigh scattering. In the end, it has shown that there are no micro or nano-sized plastic particles when removed with M-CNT, within the accountable range of the spectrometer that had been made. Hence the removal of the microplastics: an invisible threat for the environment has been studied by combining nanomaterials with unique surface properties in the removal process and an optical principle such as Rayleigh scattering, a new technique has been developed that can measure quickly, economically,

Introduction: Using advanced technologies such as nanotechnology in the food and fishery industry, as one of the most important industrial sectors of countries, has received too much attention. Traditionally, fishing and hunting have been considered important sources of supplying food. The subject and methodology: The study aims to investigate nanotechnology for detecting fish hatching time. This is a review article that collects the information from databases such as Sid, civilica, and Google Scholar. In the end, 22 papers were studied for extracting and collecting the required information from the abovementioned scientific database. Finding: After examining the food, drug, and agricultural-related papers published from 2009 to 2020, it was concluded that small Nano-sensors, controlling & monitoring systems made from nanotechnology can be installed on fishing nets, fishing rods, and other fishing equipment. These devices (Nano-sensors and controlling & monitoring systems) will help fishes so that they don’t get caught. In this way, as a fish gets close to the fishing equipment, it will receive sound, smell, or heat-based alarm. Therefore, the fish will stay away from the fishing equipment. The result: according to the finding of this study, it can be concluded that excessive fishing in the hatching time will be avoided by the application of nanotechnology in the fishing equipment. As a result, the following advantages will be secured: 1- There are lots of opportunists who misuse fish during the hatching time. With the application of nanotechnology, they will be stopped. 2- Opportunists are ambushing in different time points to misuse fish. Also, the guards might be ignorant. With the application of nanotechnology, guards are no longer required. 3- This plant is cost-effective too.

In this project, we evaluate the effectiveness of Random Shuffling in the Cross Lingual Information Retrieval (CLIR) process. We extended the monolingual Word2Vec model to a multilingual one via the random shuffling process. We then evaluate the cross-lingual word embeddings (CLE) in terms of retrieving parallel sentences, whereby the query sentence is in a source language and the parallel sentence is in some targeted language. Our experiments on three language pairs showed that models trained on a randomly shuffled dataset outperforms randomly initialized word embeddings substantially despite its simplicity. We also explored Smart Shuffling, a more sophisticated CLIR technique which makes use of word alignment and bilingual dictionaries to guide the shuffling process, making preliminary comparisons between the two. Due to the complexity of the implementation and unavailability of open source codes, we defer experimental comparisons to future work.

本研究將以BiOCl、BiOBr以及Pd/BiOCl的晶體製備二氧化碳還原之光觸媒，用以還原二氧化碳，期許能製造出具有經濟價值的還原產物，以緩解全球暖化並利用可再生能源。此外，我們藉由探討此類晶體在二氧化碳還原中的差異，比較加入不同鹵族元素及是否摻入鈀金屬對於光催化還原二氧化碳效率及產物的影響。 合成晶體後，我們透過X射線衍射儀(XRD)、掃描式電子顯微鏡(SEM)、能量散射X射線譜(EDX)進行晶體的鑑定，也確定Pd/BiOCl的晶體結構是以BiOCl為主體，且Pd鑲嵌在其表面。我們也以X光光電子能譜儀(XPS)了解晶體的鍵結型態及推測不同晶體表面的OVs相對含量，並以紫外光/可見光光譜儀(UV-vis)檢測樣品的能隙，推測其光催化性能。 我們發現摻入鈀的BiOCl晶體結構為分散的片狀結構，是三種晶體中唯一的奈米晶體，且能隙為三者中最小(2.46eV)、表面OVs含量也增加；表面附著的Pd奈米金屬顆粒更可以協助主催化劑的電子-電洞對維持分離狀態，促進其光催化效率。 最後我們將合成的BiOCl、BiOBr以及Pd/BiOCl晶體應用於光催化還原二氧化碳，並以氣相層析熱導偵測器(GC-TCD)及氣相層析質譜儀(GC-MS)檢測產物種類及產率，發現還原出的氣體產物有H2、CO、CH4。而總還原產物及含碳還原產物的產率皆以Pd/BiOCl為最高。

溫熱化學治療(Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy, 簡稱HIPEC)，為將化療藥物加熱後灌注到腹腔內殺死癌細胞，但溫熱化學治療只能在開刀時使用，治療次數有限。為達到多次的熱化療效果，本研究開發奈米氧化鐵藥物磁性複合微粒(Nano iron oxide magnetic drug complex particles, NIOMP)，可利用開刀時包覆複合微粒於腹腔，術後用磁場加熱，加上微粒化療藥物釋放，達到多次溫熱化學治療。NIOMP以鐵氧化物奈米粒子為核心，海藻酸鈉為外殼體，利用電紡法將前其與氯化鈣交聯產生凝聚性微粒。數據顯示最佳製作條件為16 kv高電壓、距離4 cm、噴速5μm/s，可得直徑大小約為200~450 μm穩定性高微粒。藥物釋放實驗顯示，NIOMP於2~7小時藥物釋放速率較穩定。利用可變磁場之電磁效應加熱NIOMP中氧化鐵磁顆粒，可於30分鐘內快速升溫至43℃。細胞相容性測試結果得知，NIOMP對細胞無毒性。本研究改善HIPEC的治療限制，可多次針對腫瘤患部局部熱化學治療，未來將可改善病人存活率。

缺氧（Hypoxia）在癌症中，影響腫瘤微環境（Tumor microenvironment，TME）的重塑扮演重要的角色。原位癌細胞與欲轉移之遠端器官的微環境間，會透過細胞外囊泡（extracellular vesicles，EVs）進行細胞間相互作用，對於轉移前腫瘤微環境（Pre-metastatic niche，PMN）的形成和轉移過程至關重要。 本研究目的在闡明缺氧條件下，肺腺癌如何透過產生的外囊泡重塑肝臟轉移前微環境。結果顯示缺氧刺激肺癌產生的細胞外泌體（Exosome）增加了肝臟星狀細胞（hepatic stellate cell，HSC）活化和血管生成。由於缺氧肺癌所分泌的EVs含有CD151蛋白，促進HSC的活化和血管新生。缺氧肺癌所產生的Exosome增 加了HSC和內皮細胞中FAK（focal adhesion kinase）、Src（SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase）和AKT（AKT serine/threonine kinase）通路的激活。 總結此實驗證實了缺氧腫瘤衍生的Exosomes，探討其中富含的CD151機制，活化了HSC與特別的訊息傳遞於細胞中，調節肝臟PMN的形成。因此CD151可作為肺腺癌轉移至肝臟的新治療靶點。

QR Code是由黑白模組組成的二維數位條碼，掃描後可讀取儲存的訊息。受限於設計原理，QR Code使用二進位制儲存資料。增加模組數目可增加資料量，但若在條碼內塞進太多模組時，尺寸太小的模組將無法被掃描器讀取。此外，目前QR Code掃描器僅支援單張掃描，並無法應付同時多張條碼掃描的實務需求。 如能克服顏色辨識，理論上彩色二維條碼將能克服現行QR Code的限制，但市面上並無相關產品可供測試。因此本專題設計了一款10×10、具8顏色的"Colour Matrix"，並利用Raspberry Pi開發Colour Matrix在手持裝置上運作的軟硬體來進行實驗。此實驗成功利用機器學習演算法在Raspberry Pi上進行的顏色辨識。開發的程式在單張掃描上效能與使用pyzbar辨識QR Code相當；在多張掃描方面，使用pyzbar辨識QR Code的解碼成功率為3.1%，而本專題的方法將成功率提升至92.4%，擴增數位條碼的使用範圍，具商用價值。