全國中小學科展

2022年

槭樹翅果成熟過程中單、雙翅差異性探討

具翅植物是一種成功適應散播的果實。槭樹果實會成對的在樹上生長,並在成熟後分開單獨落下。本研究欲了解槭樹果實成熟過程中的各階段變化、以及探討翅果單、雙翅在傳播效率上的差異性,並配合物理方面的分析。實驗結果發現單翅果之水平位移量、滯空時間、角速度皆較雙翅果大,且會受到康達效應作用,以終端速度掉落,雙翅果呈等加速度運動,故在傳播效率方面單翅果優於雙翅果。而在成長過程中槭樹翅果一開始是由合生心皮雌蕊發育而來,在成熟後產生離層,只透過心皮間柱與枝條相連,之後當心皮間柱斷裂時,雙翅果分離形成單翅果。由雙翅果較低的角速度推測其在生長過程中較為穩定。本實驗了解了槭樹翅果單翅及雙翅在不同時期對繁衍的優勢。

竹片熱電流增益放大及熱電流充電器

本實驗利用竹片導熱性差的天然特性,將奈米金屬顆粒以高壓蒸氣及低壓吸入法嵌入竹片的維管束中,並將NaCl蒸煮滲入竹片組織,形成導電通道,以提升修飾後竹片的電導率。量測實驗發現以氯化鈉及銀奈米顆粒修飾後的竹片,電導率提升達11880倍,而熱導率僅提升10%,可成為常溫範圍熱電材料。NaCl在解離成Na+與Cl-導電率可提升103倍。我們將修飾後的竹片,密封在含水蒸氣的電絕緣小盒中,製作成竹片熱電裝置。LED燈泡發光度實驗,當竹片兩端溫差為45度時,燈泡發光度提升40%,為一熱電流增益放大器。串聯竹片熱電裝置在普魯士藍二次電池充電線路中,以0.015 mA電流充電,發現當竹片兩端溫差為45度時,充電電流提升到0.025 mA,飽和充電時間從原本的12小時,縮短到7小時。

利用半監督式學習進行自動星系分類

本研究使用半監督式機器學習搭配卷積神經網路來訓練核心模型,並將星系的圖片加入模型裡,讓電腦自動判斷出該星系的種類為何。我使用自行設計的CNN架構以及VGG-16當作我的卷積神經網路架構。資料集來源為EFIGI和Galaxy Zoo 2。我分為兩種任務,第一種任務是讓模型能分辨橢圓 (E)、螺旋 (S)、不規則 (I) 這三種類別的星系,訓練資料共有2,468張照片,最後的正確率能達到94%。第二個任務是將8種的星系照片(E、S0、Sa、Sb、Sc、SBa、SBb、SBc)進行分類,並使用自動編碼器作為預訓練,使用1,923張EFIGI的圖片以及1,258張Galaxy Zoo 2的照片當作訓練資料。由於各星系照片有許多外觀太過相似,測試準確度最高達到54.12%,基於我的研究,星系自動化辨識於天文學上應該有相當大的運用空間。

AsqJ酵素活性庫之篩選並探討其專一性與反應性之改變

非血基質鐵/α-酮戊二酸依賴型雙氧化酶為巨大酵素家族,其在生物體內進行許多重要反應。我們選用小巢狀麴菌之 AsqJ 蛋白,其與 Fe2+ 及 α-酮戊二酸能催化 cyclopeptin 的去飽和、環氧化,形成 cyclopenin。根據 AsqJ 蛋白結構,我們將與受質結合的 9 個胺基酸位置以不同鹼基對隨機取代,以轉譯不同胺基酸,構築酵素活性庫,送入大腸桿菌篩選並觀察 AsqJ 突變蛋白分解非典型受質之表現。 我們成功篩選出能分解 X-Gal 之 AsqJ 突變株,代表我們能以改變 AsqJ 特定位置胺基酸,進而改變其活性位點,並分解與原先截然不同的受質,故此篩選平台深具生化技術應用潛力。我們並進一步將上述突變株進行純化、晶體培養及結構解析,以釐清反應機制,並與奈米抗體結合以增強活性。目前正嘗試分解環境汙染物結構相似物,期望對環境做出貢獻。

Introduction of Omed-Omedan Tradition Through Augmented Reality-Based Card Games To Increase The Love of Local Culture

This research is motivated by the differences in the people's perceptions, mainly youth about the omed-omedan tradition. The difference is that many people think that the omed-omedan tradition violates the norms of decency and is also called the pornography tradition. The purpose of this study is to, 1) describe the mechanism of applying omed-omedan tradition recognition attitudes through augmented reality-based card games, 2) analyz the impact resulting from the application of omed-omedan tradition recognition attitudes through augmented reality-based card games, and 3) analyze about the feasibility of application resulting from the application of omed-omedan tradition recognition attitudes through augmented reality-based card games. This research is a type of R&D research conducted at Bali Mandara State High School from July 1-September 6, 2021. The subjects of this study were the teenagers of Kaja Sesetan Indigenous Village and the object of this study was the omed-omedan tradition through augmented reality-based card games. The data collection method used is the literature studies, questionnaires, interviews, and validation questionnaires. Data is processed based on qualitative descriptive approach and quantitative descriptive approach. The results showed that the mechanism of implementing the omed-omedan tradition originated from the download of assistive devices, namely android studios and applications from AR, the impact of augmented reality-based card games was seen as very helpful in the introduction of the omed-omedan tradition and was seen as able to help increase the love of local culture, besides that the media used was also very popular by players because it was seen as interesting and very helpful. Based on the feasibility tests that have been calculated, this game is considered very feasible to implement and researchers hope that the innovations that have been created can effectively provide understanding to help out the local community about omed-omedan tradition.

探討有機分子官能基對胰島類澱粉蛋白(IAPP)之影響

過去許多文獻報導胰島類澱粉蛋白(islet amyloid polypeptide;IAPP)在體內的不正常聚集的現象,會造成分泌此賀爾蒙的β-細胞凋亡,間接導致胰島素分泌的下降,因此被認為與第二型糖尿病有高度的相關性。本研究利用不同官能基之香豆素(Coumarin)衍生物,測試其對胰島類澱粉蛋白之作用;實驗中成功合成高純度IAPP胜肽,再與香豆素衍生物(其光學特性已被檢測)進行混合,爾後進行硫磺素-T動力學試驗及穿透式電子顯微鏡觀察,我們發現某幾個香豆素衍生物確實會影響IAPP的聚集,再藉由圓偏光二色性光譜進一步瞭解有機分子對於IAPP聚集結構之影響,也利用分子模擬的方法來探討其如何與IAPP作用。 本實驗首創以香豆素作為基本骨架,探討官能基結構與IAPP間之交互作用,期待此研究成果可提供第二型糖尿病病症治療之契機與方法。

火焰之舞

國慶煙火在天空綻放時,顏色斑斕炫爛,不禁在想,火藥裡頭究竟加了哪些物質造成這些五顏六色的絢麗光芒?於是開始搜尋資料,發現這些多彩的色光,是因為電子在不同的軌域中躍遷時放出來的光芒,稱為焰色反應。於是我們開始動手作實驗,發現在酒精膏上填充不同的金屬離子會出現不一樣顏色的火焰,而且在火焰的外部加入電場,竟然能使火焰產生偏折的現象!這個現象更引起了我們的好奇,火焰中是否含有帶電離子,以致於被電場吸引?又添加不同價數的離子,是否會因為價數的不同而造成偏折角度的差異?於是我們經過了反覆實驗後觀察到失去電子的正電離子,確實會因為電場的影響造成不同角度的偏折,且正電離子本身的價數越大,造成的偏折角度越小。

Lill Path之立體圖形應用

本文主要在探討如何將二維Lill Path的性質推廣至三維。和二維Lill Path的結論相同,我們證明若有一自原點出發的射線在多項式函數f(x)的三維Lill Path進行反射(依三維Lill Path反射規則),且此射線通過三維Lill Path終點,則其充要條件為f(x)=0有一實根(-tan⁡θ ),其中θ為射線與三維Lill Path圖形所夾的角度。我們仿照參考資料[2]的方式,證明了若多項式所對應之三維Lill Path圖形是封閉的,則其充要條件為此多項式有一因式為(x^3+1);同時,我們解決了參考資料[2]中教授所提到的一個問題:當路徑夾角不為π/2,且其三維ϕ-Lill Path圖形為封閉的,則其充要條件為多項式有一因式為 [x^3-(cos⁡ϕ ) x^2-(cos⁡ϕ )x+1]。

HOPE WASTE (House Processor Waste) with IoT (Internet of Things) as a Laundry Liquid Waste Treatment Household Environment

Washing is one of the things that must be done by every household. Rural and urban communities have to wash clothes every day, to get clean clothes so they can be reused. But it turns out that with many households doing this activity, it will cause side effects that are not good. The impact will worsen the quality of the surrounding water because this activity is not equipped with a waste treatment process, but instead is dumped directly into the nearest ditch or river. As a result, this waste causes water pollution. The chemical compositions contained in detergents are grouped into 3, namely surface active substances ranging from 20-30%, reinforcing agents are the largest detergent components ranging from 70-80% and other ingredients around 2-8%, where surfactants are the main ingredients. cleaning agent in detergent. If not managed properly, it will cause environmental problems in the future. This research was carried out for 4 months at MAN Sidoarjo and Brawijaya University. The research method used was research and development and experiment methods, and data collection techniques using the observation method. From these problems, we offer a solution by making an internet of things-based device which we call HOPE WASTE (House Processor Waste) with IoT (Internet of Things) as the processing of household laundry liquid waste. HOPE Waste is a house-shaped device that functions to treat Laundry Liquid Waste which combines electrocoagulation methods and utilizes Biosorbents, namely Barringtonia Asiatica and Activated Charcoal which are made into powder. Where the Biosorbent content can bind chemicals in laundry liquid waste so that we can combine them using environmentally friendly IoT-based electrocoagulation methods.

地球低頻震動事件偵測

本研究主要成果爲: 一、 利用本分析法成功驗證颶風Bill (2009) 侵襲美國東岸期間沿著棚裂形成的“stormquakes” 現象(下文稱爲「風暴震」)。 二、 探討並確認近十年間10個中、強颱通過臺灣附近水域時,臺灣的地震測站沒有記錄到風暴震產生的訊號。 我們透過頻譜分析發現,0.01 ~ 0.05 Hz頻段的地震波形數據在我們研究的多數西太平洋颱風通過期間有顯著的能量增加,卻沒有產生來自海域的點源訊號。不過在2009年莫拉克颱風與2013年天兔颱風期間,波形記錄到了數十起來自陸地的振動訊號(經判定爲山崩)。我們發展了一種定位方法,成功定位颶風Bill與上述兩颱風期間的訊號;並且對比了20次已知震央的構造地震,確認定位方法的可行度。