全國中小學科展

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2022年

風驅電「極」- 陣列式無扇葉風力發電機

「無扇葉風力發電」是一種新型的能量擷取研究,透過渦流引起的震動將風能轉換成電能。傳統渦輪式風力發電利用風推動扇葉旋轉發電,受限於風向、成本、噪音及體積等問題無法在內陸得到普遍。先前已有外國公司發表初步的機構設計與發想概念,但目前仍只能針對單一風向進行發電。本研究提出新型機構設計,有效的運用了多方向風源,降低了風能的浪費。為了瞭解渦激振動與各項變因之間的關係,我們設計了多項實驗,藉由影像分析軟體Tracker,得出不同風速下桅杆晃動振幅與頻率之關係,並利用實驗分析採集器LabQuest 2,精確的得出單位時間內的平均流速與電壓變化,獲得流速與電壓頻率特性。 根據實驗結果,隨著風速的增長,電機產生的峰值電壓會有2次方的增長,且桅杆晃動頻率與風速和支點位置並無直接關係。

等比例線段下保角圖形之特徵探討

本研究由文獻[1]的一道題目進行發想。題目是給定正方形ABCD,E在¯AB上,E^'在¯BC上,且¯BE=¯(CE^' )。若¯DE交對角線¯AC於P且¯(DE^' )交對角線¯AC於Q,則存在點R,使得¯AP=¯PR,¯CQ=¯QR,則∠PRQ=60^∘。我們改變正方形這個條件,考慮等長線段的特徵,再推廣到菱形。並在矩形與平行四邊形中,將「等長線段」這個條件改為「等比例線段」討論其保角特徵。最後將上述性質推廣到空間中的正方形、菱形、矩形與平行四邊形。 我們證明不論 點的位置在¯AB線段的何處,∠PRQ恆為60^∘。我們也發現在平面上R點的可能位置有兩個,且滿足R點的軌跡正好是1/3圓弧,且此圓弧只與對角線長有關。在空間中,E點固定時,R點的位置在一個圓上,隨著E點在¯AB線段移動。此時R點軌跡是1/3圓弧繞此圓弧所在的弦旋轉360^∘所在曲面,此曲面也只與對角線長有關。

HOPE WASTE (House Processor Waste) with IoT (Internet of Things) as a Laundry Liquid Waste Treatment Household Environment

Washing is one of the things that must be done by every household. Rural and urban communities have to wash clothes every day, to get clean clothes so they can be reused. But it turns out that with many households doing this activity, it will cause side effects that are not good. The impact will worsen the quality of the surrounding water because this activity is not equipped with a waste treatment process, but instead is dumped directly into the nearest ditch or river. As a result, this waste causes water pollution. The chemical compositions contained in detergents are grouped into 3, namely surface active substances ranging from 20-30%, reinforcing agents are the largest detergent components ranging from 70-80% and other ingredients around 2-8%, where surfactants are the main ingredients. cleaning agent in detergent. If not managed properly, it will cause environmental problems in the future. This research was carried out for 4 months at MAN Sidoarjo and Brawijaya University. The research method used was research and development and experiment methods, and data collection techniques using the observation method. From these problems, we offer a solution by making an internet of things-based device which we call HOPE WASTE (House Processor Waste) with IoT (Internet of Things) as the processing of household laundry liquid waste. HOPE Waste is a house-shaped device that functions to treat Laundry Liquid Waste which combines electrocoagulation methods and utilizes Biosorbents, namely Barringtonia Asiatica and Activated Charcoal which are made into powder. Where the Biosorbent content can bind chemicals in laundry liquid waste so that we can combine them using environmentally friendly IoT-based electrocoagulation methods.

休息是為了走更遠—阿拉伯芥之耐熱記憶

阿拉伯芥的長期後天耐熱性(LAT)有如人類的「學習」,如何延長其「記憶」為本研究探討的主要目標。首先以改變熱處理間期之光週期來確立 hsp101、hsa32突變株在光照期變短下,LAT 處理後的存活率有提高之趨勢,而西方墨點法也發現 HSP101 之表現量與存活率有相同的趨勢,LAT 耐熱記憶的延續與否和 HSP101 的量息息相關。低溫降低代謝與光照期變短在存活率、西方墨點法的實驗結果相似,這顯示光照期變短可能也是透過代謝減緩,進而減少 HSP101的降解,使突變株的存活率提高。最後,花椰菜HV-427、HV-178的光週期實驗中,在進行LAT處理後,低光照下的受傷率有降低的趨勢,顯示降低光照能夠提升其耐熱性。我們期望此結果未來可應用在農業生物科技,透過更具經濟價值的方式來降低代謝進而延續LAT耐熱記憶,提升其對抗熱逆境的能力。

A.N.T.s: Algorithm for Navigating Traffic System in Automated Warehouses

According to CNN Indonesia 2020, the demand for e-Commerce in Indonesia has nearly doubled during this pandemic. This surge in demand calls for a time-efficient method for warehouse order-picking. One approach to achieve that goal is by incorporating automation in their warehouse systems. Globally, the market of warehouse robotics is expected to reach 12.6 billion USD by 2027 (Data Bridge Market Research, 2020). In this research, the warehouse system studied would utilize AMR (Autonomous Mobile Robots) to lift and deliver movable shelf units to the packing station where workers are at. This research designed a heuristic algorithm called A.N.T.s (Algorithm for Navigating Traffic System) to conduct task assigning and pathfinding for AMR in the automated warehouse. The warehouse layout was drawn as a two-dimensional map in grids. When an order is placed, A.N.T.s would assign the task to a robot that would require the least amount of time to reach the target shelf. A.N.T.s then conducted pathfinding heuristically using Manhattan Distance. A.N.T.s would help the robot to navigate its way to the target shelf unit, lift the shelf and bring it to the designated packing station. A.N.T.s algorithm was tested in various warehouse layouts and with a varying number of AMRs. Comparison against the commonly used Djikstra’s algorithm was also conducted (Shaikh and Dhale, 2013). Results show that the proposed A.N.T.s algorithm could execute 100 orders in a 27x23 layout with five robots 9.96 times faster than Dijkstra with no collisions. The algorithm is also shown to be able to help assign tasks to robots and help them find short paths to navigate their ways to the shelf units and packing stations. A.N.T.s could navigate traffic to avoid deadlocks and collisions in the warehouse with the aid of lanes and directions.

上皮細胞黏附因子(EpCAM)對腫瘤微環境與上皮間質轉化(EMT)影響之機制探討

上皮細胞黏附因子 (EpCAM)參與了細胞的黏附、信息傳遞、增殖及分化等功能,並在惡性腫瘤組織中大量表達,被當作各種癌症的診斷標誌物,因此被認為是治療癌症的重要關鍵。另外近期研發的抗EpCAM中和性抗體被認為能抑制EpCAM的訊息傳遞,導致腫瘤細胞的死亡,也可以降低癌細胞中PD-L1蛋白的表現,進而導致腫瘤細胞死亡及活化T細胞殺死癌細胞的能力。 為了觀察EpCAM是否會對癌細胞造成影響,我們將癌細胞分成野生型 (wild type)以及EpCAM基因剔除細胞株,並以Western blotting及qRT-PCR確認實驗組的EpCAM基因有確實被成功剔除。進一步利用細胞存活率及細胞群落實驗證實EpCAM會促進大腸直腸癌細胞增生,並以抑制劑DAPT和TAPI-1處理證實EpCAM訊息傳遞會增加癌細胞轉移與侵入能力。接著為了驗證EpCAM中和性抗體的作用,我們用EpCAM中和性抗體處理癌細胞後,由細胞凋亡實驗確認EpCAM中和性抗體確實會促使癌細胞凋亡。我們的研究結果顯示EpCAM的訊息傳遞會促進腫瘤增生與轉移,而EpCAM中和性抗體於癌症治療中的高度前瞻性,期許將來能在癌症治療中提供一個可行有效的療法。

還有「轉環」的餘地—探討鋼球在自轉圓環軌道的運動

將鋼球放入一個鉛直站立的圓環凹槽內,當圓環由靜止開始轉動的過程中,鋼球沿著圓環向上運動,經過我們設計並改良的實驗架設,製作出穩定的實驗裝置進行量測,探討各種變因對鋼球運動的影響,並彙整出鋼球運動的幾個階段,進行理論建模與實驗數據的比較分析;我們參考幾篇論文嘗試在理論建模的方程式逐步加入模擬修正,從最單純的質點運動方程式逐步考慮旋轉、搖晃、阻力、鋼球體積等等,比較理論模擬結果與實驗數據的差異,也驗證了一些論文中缺乏實驗驗證的理論計算之正確性。

以類器官為轉譯研究模式探究乳癌標靶藥引發腸道副作用之機制與對應策略

本研究以腸道類器官(organoid)模擬體內環境,分析乳癌標靶藥物Lapatinib與Tucatinib對腸道產生副作用的差異。Lapatinib明顯抑制ileum及colon organoid的形成,其IC50低於Tucatinib約1000倍。其中Lapatinib特別對adult type organoid較具明顯抑制作用,顯示影響腸道上皮細胞的分化功能。以RNA seq 與Ingenuity pathway Analysis分析藥物對organoid中轉錄體表現的影響,Lapatinib 在colon organoid中增加腸道發炎、葡萄糖代謝異常、氯離子外流等基因群的表現,並降低crypt發展的基因群。其中,Lapatinib藉由增加Glut3的表現提高organoid對葡萄糖的吸收,此作用受到L-ascorbic acid (Vitamin C)抑制,亦增加GABA receptor 提高氯離子外流,顯示代謝與電解質失衡及發炎作用可能為lapatinib造成腹瀉的主因之一。以3D organoid為可信賴的轉譯研究模式,我們發現同屬HER2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor的Lapatinib與Tucatinib對腸道功能產生迥然不同的影響,並發現合併使用Glut3 inhibitor或GABA receptor antagonist可能可成為減緩Lapatinib副作用的對應策略。

探討橙皮苷(Hesperidin)及綠原酸(Chlorogenic acid)混合處理對結腸癌細胞(HCT116)存活率的影響

癌症常年在我國十大死因中位居第一,而其中結腸、直腸和肛門癌的死亡率排第三,並有逐年增加趨勢。中草藥萃取的藥物分子已被證實可抑制癌症,研究發現橙皮苷 (Hesperidin) 及綠原酸 (Chlorogenic acid) 可協同抑制具有雌激素受體ERα及ERβ的乳癌細胞 (MCF-7),並推測藥物是作用在雌激素受體/粒線體路徑,然而是哪類雌激素受體會受影響則缺乏資料。故本研究以MTT assay探討橙皮苷、綠原酸對缺乏ERα表現之結腸癌細胞 (HCT116) 的影響。結果顯示藥物單獨及混合作用下,當綠原酸濃度600 μM以上時能顯著抑制HCT116並具有劑量效應,然而橙皮苷及綠原酸對HCT116協同效應較不顯著,推測ERα在雌激素受體/粒線體路徑中扮演重要角色且參與在橙皮苷及綠原酸對MCF-7毒殺的協同效應中;因此推測上述藥物在不同細胞中可能作用於不同的抑制路徑,將來會以三陰性乳癌細胞為對象,進一步確認ERα扮演的角色,期望可在橙皮苷混合綠原酸抑制乳癌的路徑上提供更多證據。

利用虛擬篩選LpxC抑制劑的方式找出對抗多重抗藥性綠膿桿菌的新療法

多重抗藥性(MDR)細菌已經在全世界的範圍內成為了一個重大威脅,而像是多重抗藥性的綠膿桿菌就是其中一種對大多數療法有抵抗力的病原體。在目前的治療方案無效之前,有必要開發出一種新型機制的抗生素能夠作為對抗的手段。我們通過電腦虛擬篩選的方式,並用一個脂多糖脂質A (LipidA)生合成路徑的關鍵蛋白,LpxC,作為篩選的對象。在我們的第一次預測中,ZINC000001587011 (brequinar) 具有較低的結合能和較高的生物利用度。但由於其較高的cLogP值,使我們對其進行了官能團修飾,以期能有所改善。最後,我們在所有衍生物中找到了N11,有最大的潛力能做為抗綠膿桿菌的藥物前驅物。