全國中小學科展

2022年

定義酚基反應性:芳香環醣基受體之醣基化反應立體選擇性的預測及探討

酚與苄基醇在許多領域中,被廣泛地運用以及探討,其中一重要的應用是與醣苷結合後可做為人們所服用的抗生素。儘管如此科學家卻尚未能將醇類結構中羥基的反應性量化來進行分析,因為缺乏準確的芳醇反應性數值,造成芳醇的研究與應用較難以掌握。因此本篇主要在進行芳醇反應性的量化。兩醇以競爭的方式進行反應後,再經動力學的計算,得到其相對反應性數值。進而再透過改變芳香環上的取代基來探討共振效應、誘導效應和立體效應對芳醇反應性之影響,並且將醇類之反應性數值與大數據分析結合應用於醣化學中,以探討並解決醣基化反應中立體選擇性控制之問題。

Bio-Circular-Green Superabsorber

As the world has become concerned about the global waste crisis and global warming, there has been a surge of research within materials science to find materials that would replace plastic, such as bioplastics or biodegradable materials, in order to reduce environmental pollution. Plastics generates the microplastics that allowed them to become cross contamination enter the ocean through land, sea and river. Science research found (Lusher et al. (2017)) over 220 species of marine animals ingested microplastic, half of them are considered relevant for commercial purpose and increasing the risk of human consumption as it can induce immune response, oxidative stress, cytotoxicity, alter membrane integrity and cause differential expression of genes. Thailand is also experiencing such a challenge, as seen by the overabundance of plastic waste that might take centuries to decompose. For example, around 1680 million personal hygiene products such as diapers, sanitary napkins, and tampons are used each year. This study highlights the use of naturally accessible absorbent fibers from malva nut (Scaphium scaphigerum) (G. Don) Guib & Planch.), which is widely available and biodegradable in nature and has a low carbon footprint. This study also aimed to develop natural absorbent pads using compostable spun, external layers, and biodegradable glue. A prototype sanitary napkin with biodegradable absorbent pads was developed and evaluated for absorption ability, absorption rate, pH, and biodegradability. The absorbent material absorbed up to 19 times its weight in 2 minutes and 33 times its weight in 2 hours, which is enough for an average of 80-150 mL of menstrual blood. The prototype napkin deteriorated within 99 days, based on naked eye observation. Some signs of degradation and microorganisms growing on the prototype were also observed from scanning electron microscopic images. According to the findings, natural absorbent pads made from malva nut have the potential to be converted into sanitary napkins. Furthermore, it is proposed that the components, which include superabsorbent renewable materials, spinning compostable layer, external compostable layer and biodegradable glue, may be used in a variety of goods, including adult diaper pants, incontinence pads, and laboratory bench mats.

探討TLR7作用劑對樹突細胞發育及功能的影響

樹突細胞在免疫系統中扮演關鍵的角色,不論是活化其他免疫細胞,或是產生細胞素調節免疫系統,都與不同種類的樹突細胞具高度相關。雖然目前已經了解成熟樹突細胞在免疫系統的重要性,但是樹突細胞由前驅幹細胞發育及分化的過程目前仍不清楚,且過程中若遭受刺激,其所造成的影響也有待研究。 本研究採用一種TLR-7作用劑R848刺激尚未分化的前驅幹細胞,觀察其發育過程及分化後之成熟細胞的影響。結果顯示在低濃度R848刺激下,漿狀樹突細胞的分化比例增加且功能增強,傳統型樹突細胞的免疫活性也上升。相反的,高濃度的R848則能顯著降低漿狀樹突細胞的比例及干擾素基因表現,傳統型樹突細胞的活性也顯著下降。綜合以上,我們發現不同濃度的R848有助於引導不同趨勢的免疫反應。另外,目前實驗結果支持了其作用機制可能為控制轉錄因子的活性,後續將更深入研究此機制。

以分散式邊緣運算網路架構實現智慧機器人代理系統之研究

本研究企圖建構一個運用邊緣運算技術(Edge Computing)之人工智能機器人代理人(AI Agent),並將之運用於實體人型格鬥用機器人的研究開發中。 在此以人型格鬥機器人做為場景需求使用設定目標,運用彈性化模組,加上分散式、嵌入式即時網路技術來降低系統設計的複雜度,整合通訊協議與深度學習YOLO影像演算法,進一步運用ZMP運動控制理論,以及多維感測器融合技術(sensor fusion),融合陀螺儀(GYRO)、加速儀(accelerometer)、CMOS Sensors、FSR(Force sensing resistor)作為人形機器人智慧平衡基礎,再藉由圖形識別做為預測辨識以及智慧姿態ZMP控制技術作為攻防策略判斷。 整體系統藉由AI 晶片與嵌入式系統網路作為整合。透過網路即時傳輸環境資訊與指令,使機器人可以知道高層的指令目的資訊。值得一提的是本系統網路設計建構依照仿生哺乳類動物的分層式架構。神經系統將反射以及即時控制交由智慧代理人軟體作為即時演算與控制來達到高性能與彈性發展的需要,未來可用在高等擴充性的人形機器人使用,包括格鬥機器人,人形機器人工地建材搬運、具自平衡醫療外骨骼機器人......等,使人與機器人能並肩工作,提升人與機器人整合互動。

助長!抑制?讓眼動與腦科學數據說「真」話

隨著資訊科技日新月異,每位中學生幾乎都有智慧型手機等3C產品。下課時,教室「人手一機」景象已屢見不鮮。對此,學生是否適合在下課時間使用智慧型手機等3C產品?各方觀點尚未有定論。因此,本研究使用「眼動儀」與「腦波儀」等腦神經科學儀器,邀請48位15歲中學生參與本實驗,探究他們從事不同類型「下課活動或行為」歷程,其「專注度」與「放鬆度」差異情形。本研究的主要結果是:1.中學生無論從事哪一種「下課活動或行為」,對於他們後續進行「問題解決」時「專注度」的影響,並沒有顯著性的差異。此結果「反駁」當前多數師長主張「把玩3C產品影響學習」論述。2.中學生從事「回交友訊息」活動時,其「專注度」呈現「先上升後下降」的趨勢。因此,本研究建議中學生於下課時段,可以在前3分鐘先「閱讀或複習重點」,然後「閉目養神」,如此,可能在後續學習能獲得較佳的學習效果。但是,本研究仍建議中學生在下課時盡量避免從事「玩線上遊戲」活動,以避免後續學習「專注度」下降。

Susanito, autonomous robot body temperature meter: support to reduce infections in rows

A variant of the coronavirus (2019-nCoV or COVID-19) was reported in Wuhan, China on December 31, 2019, spreading rapidly around the world. Owing to a plan to reactivate the economy, the Mexican government, requested to implement protective measures to enter establishments with confined spaces: wear a mask, provide alcohol-based hand rub and the measurement of body temperature, allowing problem when not have a fever; however, these measures cause long waiting lines, causing contagion risk. To support this problem, applied and experimental research was used, generating as a result, the creation of a robot that moves autonomously thanks to a line follower sensor. Dispenses alcohol-based hand rub and determines the temperature by means of an infrared sensor, checking that the distance is adequate, with an ultrasonic sensor, using a buzzer that emits a sound of half a second when it performs a normal detection, but, if it is equal to or greater os 38 ° C, emits a sound for 10 seconds asking the person to leave the line and go to a medical service, helping to reduce problems infections in lines

BIOINFORMATIC PREDICTION OF CORONAVIRUS (SARS-COV-2) MUTATIONS THAT INCREASE CONTAGIOUSNESS

Inhibitory effects of the secondary metabolite of actinomycete were examined on cell cycle of the yeasts of S. pombe and S. cerevisiae. The secondary metabolite was obtained from cultivation of the actinomycete isolated from the soil of Owakudani in Hakone, Japan. The fifth fraction of the secondary metabolite by ODS column separation (HK-T5), which was soluble to pure methanol, was used in the present experiments. The HK-T5 brought about the delay of forming colonies of S. pombe for about 11 days compared to that cultivated without the HK-T5. The delay of the colony formation was longer for the S. pombe cultivated with more amount of the HK-T5. The cultivation with HK-T5 also brought about the extension of the lifespan of the S. pombe for more than 10 weeks in a liquidus medium. The cell life recovered the ordinary manner by removal of the HK-T5, meaning that the activities of the HK-T5 is reversible. These facts confirm the suppression of cell cycle, and the delay of cell growth by the HK-T5. These phenomena were similarly observed for S. cerevisiae. Comparison of the action of HK-T5 with hydroxyurea, which is an anticancer drug inhibiting the cell cycle at S phase, clarified that the inhibitory action of HK-T5 worked at the phase earlier than S phase. The combined effects of HK-T5 on the cell cycle were evaluated with triamcinolone acetonide (TA), or aspirin, the former of which is a drug synchronizing cancer cells in S phase, and the latter keeping human cells in G1/G0 phases. The combined use of HK-T5 with TA synchronized the cells at the phase slightly proceeding from G1 to S phase without toxicity. On the other hand, the combined use with aspirin made the inhibitory effect of HK-T5 inactive. Hence, the HK-T5 is attractive as a drug for the extension of cell lifespan, and anticancer therapy.

磷酸銀修飾二硫化錫奈米複合結構:應用於光催化二氧化碳還原反應

本研究利用水熱法合成 C-SnS2光觸媒,再藉由化學水浴沈澱法(CBP)將 Ag3PO4 奈米顆粒還原在 C-SnS2 表面,得到複合半導體 Ag3PO4@C-SnS2。接著再分別以 C-SnS2 和 Ag3PO4@C-SnS2 進行人工光合作用,將二氧化碳還原為可用能源,並探討兩者之差異。藉由電子顯微鏡、 X 光繞射儀、紫外-可見光光譜儀、傅立葉轉換紅外線光譜儀、 X 光光電子能譜儀和氣相層析儀,分析樣品的晶體結構、能隙、吸光範圍和二氧化碳還原反應的氣體產物。最後,我們發現複合物 Ag3PO4@C-SnS2 的光化學量子效率較純的 C-SnS2 高,也就是此複合物能有效的提升二氧化碳還原效率。

由立體思維解循環式最大流量問題_以教師介聘為例

本研究旨在應用立體思維解決循環式的最大流量問題,於教師介聘中,可提出擁有品質保證之方法,並求得介聘成功人數之區間。教師介聘應為一限制的網路流(每個節點至少一入一出),試著求出最大循環流量。 教師介聘為學校間之教師調換作業,透過志願選填與其他參與者進行交換。以110年的介聘規則而言,介聘順序為單調→五角調→四角調→三角調→互調,相同者以積分高為優先。現有制度受限於作業期程、業務人員能力,約略簡化問題原型,但即使如此,介聘處理的結果仍不提供數據分析,導致無從分析其品質及過程,因此介聘的結果、數量和方法皆仍有很大的研究空間。 此研究除了可使媒合數量最大化外,進而由原模型衍伸出多種策略,可以透過調整參數並於結果與時間中取得平衡。單志願介聘中,透過使用不同模型使準確率(介聘成功人數/最多成功人數)介於88~100%,運算時間與準確率成正相關。多志願介聘以自訂規則作為範例,套用單志願介聘模型呈現效果。

別在房子裡跳舞-研究結構體開口大小與數量對火焰燃燒及煙霧流動之影響

台灣火災地點以建築物占最大比例,在火災現場時常為了逃生及救火而打破門窗,造成建築物內部濃煙流動面積擴大,而釀成更大的災害,故本作品目的為研究「方形結構四周開口大小與數量對火焰與煙霧燃燒狀況的影響」,本研究從熱力學、流體力學、結構學三個角度探究此議題,並以煙囪效應與煙層逆流效應為理論基礎,使用壓克力搭建方形盒子來模擬建築物,並以四面壓克力上的開口大小及數量進行實驗,使用火焰及煙霧作為實驗介質,火焰方面以高度與溫度作為應變變因,煙霧方面則以MQ-2煙霧氣體感測器於結構內部進行濃度測量,同時也使用CFS-MODEL的FDS進行結構內部模擬,綜合實體實驗及各結果可發現,與一般想像不同,並不是開啟門窗就能撲滅火勢,甚至可能因為湧進過多氧氣而導致火勢更加嚴重,開口面積與火焰強度關係成二次函數曲線,本研究可供建築物搭建時的火災防範參考以及防災的宣導,並有進階研究的可能性。