全國中小學科展

2022年

10公斤級聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯—氣態氧混合式火箭引擎混和效率提升之初步探討

本研究首先設計一5公斤級之聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯—氣態氧混合式火箭引擎,搭載軸向注入器(axial injector)進行水平推力測試,控制氧化劑流量,改變燃燒時間,量測氧化劑截面通量與燃料耗蝕率,探討其燃燒特性、推力、比衝值與各項引擎參數,並評估該引擎作為混合式火箭推進系統之可行性。引擎成功研製後,本研究設計兩種渦漩注入器(swirling injector),幾何渦漩係數(SNg)分別為3、5,將推力目標提升至10公斤,並進行地面推力測試,探討幾何渦漩係數改變對於混合式火箭混和效率與引擎表現之影響。經實驗後證實渦漩注入器能有效提高引擎推力,且引擎推力及燃料耗蝕率會隨幾何渦漩係數提高而上升。未來希望能以本引擎為基礎,將推進系統放大後,將其裝載於小型火箭之上,進行探空及技術驗證之任務。

HOPE WASTE (House Processor Waste) with IoT (Internet of Things) as a Laundry Liquid Waste Treatment Household Environment

Washing is one of the things that must be done by every household. Rural and urban communities have to wash clothes every day, to get clean clothes so they can be reused. But it turns out that with many households doing this activity, it will cause side effects that are not good. The impact will worsen the quality of the surrounding water because this activity is not equipped with a waste treatment process, but instead is dumped directly into the nearest ditch or river. As a result, this waste causes water pollution. The chemical compositions contained in detergents are grouped into 3, namely surface active substances ranging from 20-30%, reinforcing agents are the largest detergent components ranging from 70-80% and other ingredients around 2-8%, where surfactants are the main ingredients. cleaning agent in detergent. If not managed properly, it will cause environmental problems in the future. This research was carried out for 4 months at MAN Sidoarjo and Brawijaya University. The research method used was research and development and experiment methods, and data collection techniques using the observation method. From these problems, we offer a solution by making an internet of things-based device which we call HOPE WASTE (House Processor Waste) with IoT (Internet of Things) as the processing of household laundry liquid waste. HOPE Waste is a house-shaped device that functions to treat Laundry Liquid Waste which combines electrocoagulation methods and utilizes Biosorbents, namely Barringtonia Asiatica and Activated Charcoal which are made into powder. Where the Biosorbent content can bind chemicals in laundry liquid waste so that we can combine them using environmentally friendly IoT-based electrocoagulation methods.

The GoClub-梅花棋演算法效率及適用性分析

本研究旨在研究一款自創棋類遊戲「梅花棋」,找出效率最佳的演算法及分析AI的適用性。遊戲規則如下:雙方玩家輪流在19階的棋盤上下棋,先手執黑子,後手執白子,任一方形成梅花即獲勝。隨著棋子的增加,肉眼判斷勝負愈發困難,因此希望借助電腦的力量完成它。我們透過C++編寫程式,持續改良優化演算法,提升電腦的精確度與流暢度。過程中依序提出了平均演算法、畢氏定理演算法、向量演算法、以及網狀編碼演算法。目前最新版本中,我們使用含有螺旋編碼表的網狀編碼演算法,這可使電腦快速正確地判斷勝負。得到最佳的演算法後,我們嘗試運用撰寫Minimax演算法編寫AI,並且不斷增加演算法的深度,從而提升電腦的實力。透過Victory notion的概念分析兩者間的相似度,判斷其對於梅花棋的適用性。透過不斷與Minimax演算法測試遊戲,將梅花棋規則中,先後手的優勢差距逐漸縮小。目前本研究已可順利進行單純的雙人對戰與複雜的人機對戰模式。

HOPE WASTE (House Processor Waste) with IoT (Internet of Things) as a Laundry Liquid Waste Treatment Household Environment

Washing is one of the things that must be done by every household. Rural and urban communities have to wash clothes every day, to get clean clothes so they can be reused. But it turns out that with many households doing this activity, it will cause side effects that are not good. The impact will worsen the quality of the surrounding water because this activity is not equipped with a waste treatment process, but instead is dumped directly into the nearest ditch or river. As a result, this waste causes water pollution. The chemical compositions contained in detergents are grouped into 3, namely surface active substances ranging from 20-30%, reinforcing agents are the largest detergent components ranging from 70-80% and other ingredients around 2-8%, where surfactants are the main ingredients. cleaning agent in detergent. If not managed properly, it will cause environmental problems in the future. This research was carried out for 4 months at MAN Sidoarjo and Brawijaya University. The research method used was research and development and experiment methods, and data collection techniques using the observation method. From these problems, we offer a solution by making an internet of things-based device which we call HOPE WASTE (House Processor Waste) with IoT (Internet of Things) as the processing of household laundry liquid waste. HOPE Waste is a house-shaped device that functions to treat Laundry Liquid Waste which combines electrocoagulation methods and utilizes Biosorbents, namely Barringtonia Asiatica and Activated Charcoal which are made into powder. Where the Biosorbent content can bind chemicals in laundry liquid waste so that we can combine them using environmentally friendly IoT-based electrocoagulation methods.

見「塑」不見「鱗」?-魚鱗環保薄膜的研發及應用

本研究探討富含膠原蛋白的魚鱗,藉由嘗試各種電器及配合熬煮時間長短,萃取出最佳濃度之魚鱗萃取液,並找出最佳成膜配方為魚鱗萃取液20 g、5 %TG酵素水溶液0.8 mL、甘油 1 mL、乙醇 1.5 mL,以冰箱冷藏方式製作出魚鱗薄膜,接著以自製儀器測量魚鱗薄膜之透水性、穿刺強度、彈性、水溶溫度、膠熔溫度等物理性質,再將製作出的魚鱗薄膜包覆胡椒乾粉及油料醬包,以熱壓來密封包裝膜封口,封膜效果好不會溢出,放入熱水中 2 分鐘內皆可完全溶解,攪拌後調味料分布平均,是很適合當作泡麵調味包的包裝材料,故將魚鱗廢棄物再利用,製作的薄膜不但能食用,亦能取代塑膠,預期可達到「低污染、省資源、無廢棄」等減量減廢之環保理念。

探討溫度和碳源對Pantoea sp.處理養殖廢水之影響及應用

本研究探討改善冬季養殖廢水中亞硝酸降解不良的問題。潘朵拉菌Pantoea sp.可在冬天生長並降解水體亞硝酸,不同於其他菌其在低溫時生長較好但降解較差,顯示兩者非正相關。進一步得知溫度會影響Pantoea sp.細胞內代謝機制,也發現氨濃度降低時降解能力上升,西方墨點法及酵素活性實驗得知MDH表現量和活性在低溫較高。水體中添加葡萄糖可使冬季亞硝酸降解能力提升6倍,且不影響其生長,與文獻添加碳源會促進益生菌生長不同。比較各式糖類後得知單醣和雙醣皆可提升降解能力,其中單醣較雙醣好,且此做法適用各鹽度環境,而碳源可提升降解能力,推測因其影響細胞內TCA cycle運作。最後實際到戶外採集養殖池水研究,結果顯示成本低的擴培方式可有效降解亞硝酸,對改善台灣冬季養殖廢水水質有高度應用價值。

利用麵包蟲腸道菌降解聚丙烯並探討其優化策略

塑膠對環境危害甚深,雖已有研究證實部分昆蟲可降解塑膠類的聚苯乙烯(PS),但關於聚丙烯(PP)的生物降解研究很少,也沒有進一步透過腸道菌相分析,鑑定出負責降解的菌種。因此我們希望利用麵包蟲生物降解PP,透過16S rRNA定序分析找出可降解PP的潛力菌種,解決塑膠垃圾對環境造成的傷害。我們的實驗結果顯示,麵包蟲能攝食PP並生長,且加入濕料及利用糞便移植腸道菌相能增加麵包蟲對PP的消耗量,證明麵包蟲能攝食PP與腸道菌相有關。利用次世代基因定序分析腸道菌相,麵包蟲攝食PP後腸道菌相有極為顯著的變化,其中腸道菌Pseudomonas stutzeri顯著增多,經實驗證實此菌可降解PP,且在37oC、中性環境的降解效果較佳,一星期約降解3.4 %的PP。我們所使用的方法可快速篩選出能降解PP的菌種。

建立大鼠模式之新行為派典以研究跨模式注意力的動態轉換歷程 Rapid switching of attention modality in a novel cross-modal selective attention paradigm in rodents

我們的感官不斷地提供超過大腦可以處理的信息,所以需要注意力來選擇性的處理重要的感官信息。雖然研究指出,人類有能力處理在同時呈現的不同感官刺激中集中注意力在一種感官,但對於這樣的跨模式注意力如何快速移轉在感官間仍不理解。要回答這些問題,首先要建立良好的行為派典,我們才能夠從中研究跨模式注意力的轉換歷程。在本研究,我們設計了一個新的派典,允許自由行為的老鼠在同時呈現的聽覺和視覺刺激間動態地轉移注意力,並透過老鼠的行為選擇反映出他們當下的注意力焦點。我們觀察到老鼠面對同樣的聽覺與視覺刺激時,能在不同的狀況下,將注意力焦點專注於其中一個感官刺激,並忽略另外一個; 且能在單一次刺激呈現之間快速的移轉注意力焦點。這些結果證實我們建立了一個新的跨模式注意力派典,我們能在未來的實驗中研究背後的神經迴路機轉。

週期性變化磁場對複合磁體磁浮特性的影響

此研究期望找到穩定磁浮的方法及探討產生磁浮振盪的變因。首先利用吸附上鐵材的磁浮體,觀察其造成的磁浮減震。實驗過程藉由變動磁場,發現週期性變動的磁通量對鐵磁體的磁化及渦電流產生影響,進而改變磁振盪振幅及阻尼係數。研究結果得知磁場的交變頻率越大,會導致磁浮體所受斥力增加且鐵磁體形成的減振效果減緩。另外,複合磁體中受硬磁磁化的鐵磁體在頻率到達一定區間時才能觀察到渦電流的影響,而此區間受複合磁體排列、磁化強度等變因控制。

外加電場下環形泡膜形變控制之研究

本研究利用平行電板建立電場,觀察在外加電場下環形泡膜的各種形變運動。電場越大時,形變越大;分別使用不同大小的環形框架觀察,發現形變量與框架半徑的比值會隨著框架半徑增加而減小,推論與表面電荷密度的分布變化有關連。將泡膜從薄到厚分成五個區域,針對不同厚度的泡膜與運動型態做分析,發現運動狀態可以大致分成,穩定震動、提升點,以及急遽增加後碰到電板破裂三個階段。針對電場26,666 V/m-33,333 V/m時的震動現象做深入分析,利用簡諧運動的模型來詮釋泡膜運動,藉以預測不同表面張力液體對應的彈性係數。未來期望利用不同電解質去改變泡膜組成,探討不同電解質在電場下的運動行為。