全國中小學科展

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臺灣

高蹺(Himantopus himantopus)度冬族群在八掌溪嘉義市段與台灣沿海各主要棲地數??

台灣地區高蹺?(Himantopus himantopus)的度冬族群出現月份是九月中旬至隔年四月,棲息地主要是在台灣西部沿海之鹽田、魚塭、沙質河口及少數內陸河川,而 1994年成立的台南四草野生動物保護區更是其在台灣的主要繁殖區。 本研究主要從2001年3月~2003年10月進行八掌溪嘉義市段高蹺?族群數量的調查,在 2001.12 月計數到最高數量約 1200 隻,2002.10 月有 1540 隻,連續兩個年度都是全國最高數量,分析環境因子及食物來源皆優於其他各沿海棲地。 在 2003 年 5 月至 9 月調查嘉義沿海高蹺?繁殖配對情形,在 5 月 24 日發現鰲鼓溼地巢數 25 個、幼鳥 14 隻,布袋七區鹽田巢數 9 個,顯示除了台南四草繁殖區外還有其他的繁殖地。 The winter residents of Black- winged Stilts in Taiwan appear in mid-September to next April. Their main habitats are the salt pans, water ponds, sandy river mouths and few inland rivers in western Taiwan. Furthermore, the “Taina Szu-Tao (四草) Wildlife Sanctuary” established in 1994 is their major breeding area. This research is the investigation of the amount of Black- winged Stilt in Pajhang River(八掌溪), Chia-yi city(嘉義市) in 2001, Mar.~ 2003, Oct. The highest amount in 2001, Dec. is about 1200 and in 2002,Oct. is 1540. The amounts of these continuous two years are the highest in Taiwan. To analyze the reasons, the environment and food sources are better than other coastal habitats. In 2003, from May to September, the investigation of mating situation of Black-winged Stilt in Chia-yi coastal areas, twenty five nests and fourteen young birds in Ao-Ku(鰲鼓) wetland; nine nests in Pu-dai (布袋) seven salt pans are found on May 24th. It shows that there are other breeding areas except the breeding areas in Tainan Szu-Tao.

西爾平斯基船帆與掛毯圖形應用於數位圖形與數位音樂創作

西爾平斯基船帆(Sierpinski Gasket)與西爾平斯基掛毯(Sierpinski Carpet)都屬於碎形(fractals)圖形的一種,可以利用迭代運算系統IFS(Iterated Function Systems)碼來產生,代入迭代運算方程式後,經由多次的運算,可以得到重覆的圖形。本研究中,我將提出一些作法,找出西爾平斯基船帆與掛毯圖形其遞迴關係式,進而討論出其數位圖形之規律性及所涵蓋的內容與性質,著重在推廣西爾平斯基船帆與掛毯圖形的概念,將一段音樂曲取出,把它們看成反覆隨機迭代點,利用程式經由多次的插值運算,計算出各段音符。最後加入基因演算法來解決音符長短的問題,把製造好的音符染色體放置到交配池中,以隨機的方式在交配池中選取其中之一個染色體進行交配的動作,此二音符染色體會交換彼此的基因,產生下一代新的代表音符長短之染色體,應用於數位音樂創作,而衍生的西爾平斯基船帆與掛毯圖形新穎應用與創新的結果,希望能提供數位音樂創作的多樣性,更進而可以找出「好聽的音樂」與數學的直接關聯性。‘Sierpinski Gasket’ and ‘Sierpinski Carpet’ are two graphics that belong to fractals. They can be produced by IFS (Iterated Function Systems). By iterative computation of many times, we can obtain the similar graphics. In my research, there are some methods to generate Sierpinski Gasket, Sierpinski Carpet, and the iterative algorithms. In addition, I would discuss the regularity and the content as well as the properties of those digital patterns. At last, the advanced application of Sierpinski Gasket and Sierpinski Carpet to digital music pieces was presented. The program took a note of several measure of music as the beginning point, and made the IFS calculations for each new note in each measure. But there was no difference in beats if you just make the IFS iteration. So I changed the beats with genetic crossover method. In this research, the expression of the DNA to each beat of note was adopted. The same way, it took a note as a beginning point. And the system obtained the new DNA from the old notes for new ones randomly. That would make a piece of brand new music. What I want to do in this research is improve the multiformity of music and find what the relationship is of ‘good music’ and mathematical algorithms.

烷類數位密碼

本研究主題主要是解決化學上複雜同分異構物的繪製以及其命名,因為物質在結構複雜時其同分異構物變化之多令人難以捉摸,於是我應用電腦強大的邏輯處理以及運算判斷的能力來讓電腦繪製。以下是我想達成的目的:(1)排列出分子式的同分異構物(2)顯示出同分異構物之示性式、結構式(3)預知尚未創造出物質的性質研究中我創造出以下原則讓我方便達成研究(1) 數位密碼:為了讓電腦方便執行我使用數碼的方式表達各種同分異構物(2) 五大原則:此原則能讓不僅是電腦甚至是各個要繪製同分異構物的人都能有架構的繪製,不會遺漏任何的組成。(3) 3D顯示:透過X3D軟體的協助我能讓使用者透過立體的方式了解到物質的結構。The purpose of this research is to solve the problem of Isomer’s structure drawing and named problem. It’s hard to predict the status of complex Isomers, so we use the powerful logic and calculational ability of computer to draw the structure of Isomers. The following points is the goal that we want to reach (1) Arrange the structure of the Isomer’s formula (2) Show structural formula of Isomers (3) Predict the chemistry of things that haven’t been created During our research, we create the following principle to help us do the research (1) Digital Codes: In order to let the computer to run the process, we use digital codes to express all the Isomer’s formula. (2) The “5 Rules”: The 5 rules can help not only computers but all the people who try to draw the structure of Isomers without losing any of compositions. (3) 3D Display: Helping our user to understand the structures of materials with the 3D images producing by the “X3D”.

膜去得掉 膠出得來-愛玉凍新製程

本研究測得愛玉子:水=1:100是製作愛玉凍的最適比例,我們成功拍攝愛玉子加水膨潤後之顯微影像,在愛玉子表面形成一層相當明顯的黏膜,這層黏膜是愛玉凍凝膠之關鍵。藉由電動打蛋器搭配不銹鋼網之測試、調理機搭配木製刀片、調整調理機較低轉速之測試,證明適度的攪打可使愛玉子黏膜釋出,而愛玉子完整未破裂,這是愛玉凍成功凝膠之關鍵。可調轉速之調理機價格昂貴,因而本實驗自行設計組裝精簡便宜的轉速控制器,搭配普通果汁機減速攪打愛玉子,當轉速處於3000~4000rpm範圍時,愛玉凍之凝膠高度、硬度、顯微影像、消費者喜好程度,皆與手工搓洗愛玉凍相似,足以媲美手工搓洗愛玉凍之品質。

蚤尋活水

Escher狂想曲

本研究運用兩套方法,成功的化簡、篩選眾多結構;配合繪圖檢驗,證明了六邊形共有20種對稱拼貼圖結構。透過本研究,在適當軟體的支援下,使用者可快速且精準的設計出富有創意的密貼圖樣;所有的圖形結構亦可被更加廣泛運用。運用本研究理論與結果,我們撰寫了一Visual Basic程式,可供使用者快速方便判別任意的六邊形磁磚是否可對稱拼貼;最後,我們將研究結果應用於相關立體圖形,如:環面(Torus)、圓柱曲面(Cylinders)及莫比紙圈(Mobius Strip);運用前人的研究,再配合本研究結果,將可以有更廣泛的應用,如:阿基米德立體圖….等。

蚜蚜學泳–睡蓮蚜適應水上生活的機制

睡蓮蚜是一種生活在水域環境的蚜蟲,而本研究證實:此種蚜蟲對水源和水中浮萍具有偏好性,並在水中具有勝過陸生黑豆蚜和玉米蚜的求生能力和登陸能力。睡蓮蚜的這些能力源自其異於其他蚜蟲的構造:較輕的質量和較長的腳使其能夠憑藉表面張力於水上站立和移動,並且在登岸時可以產生物理中的Cheerios Effect快速吸附陸地,水中生活的機動性因而極高。另外,睡蓮蚜的腳有彎曲的特徵,加強Cheerios Effect 的效應,加強登岸能力。睡蓮蚜的腹面氣孔亦有朝兩側生長的現象,以適應水上腹面經常碰觸水面的生活。

渡溪探訪拉都希

本研究自2002 年4 月至2003 年5 月為止,共14 個月,於台北市金面山區\r 南麓溪谷及生態池,以Twitty 去趾法(toe-clipping method)對拉都希氏赤蛙(Rana\r latouchii)進行族群特性和生殖策略之研究。\r 研究期間內共標記了580 隻(包含畸形蛙65 隻),而雌蛙有190 隻(包含雌畸\r 形蛙19 隻),雄蛙有350 隻(包含雄畸形蛙43 隻),無法分辨公母者有30 隻(無畸\r 形蛙),未判定公母者有10 隻(包含畸形蛙3 隻)。\r 在族群特性的部分,拉都希氏赤蛙之雌、雄個體吻肛長、體重及吻眼比皆\r 有顯著性差異(p

自動化健康管理系統之研製

This study of health diagnosis based on using computer signal analysis technology. In order to make health management more perfect. The main points of this study are wrist pulse and body temperature information, remit to the database of the computer, analyze with the computer. With the internet network , transmit it to the medical center in order to carry and control, seek medical advice, prevent infective disease from spreading, defending healthy purposes of people, this research system includes the following six functions:(1) Automation measured: Can prevent popular disease from spreading , and ensure the medical personnel to avoid being infected.(2) The heart and lungs function warning system:When the pulse beats too fast or slowly, computer will send out warning signal immediately .(3) The body temperature is unusually warning system: When the body temperature is too high or too low, will send out warning signal immediately.(4) Pathology analyzed: Will pick and fetch the pulse wave form, which use the computer procedure to carry on frequency spectrum in order to analyze, then compared with database, with the purpose of analyze pathology. (5) The health managed: Remit the physiological information that quantity examines to the database of computer, offer pathology analysis, carry on the prevention of the disease. (6) Analysis results of the human exercise: With the operation of the database, we can analyze and obtain the effect that all previous sports accumulate .本研究係運用電腦訊號分析科技、資料庫軟體,使健康管理更為完善。研究重點為擷取人體手腕脈象、體溫生理訊息,匯入電腦資料庫,以電腦進行分析。藉由網際網路,傳輸至醫療單位,達到遠端監控、緊急就醫、防止傳染性疾病蔓延,守護國民健康之目的,本研究系統包含下列六大功能:(1) 自動化檢測:可防止流行疾病蔓延,並保障醫護人員避免遭受感染。(2) 心肺功能異常警示:脈搏跳動過快或過慢,立即發出警示。(3) 體溫異常警示:當體溫過高或過低,會發出警示。(4) 病理分析:將擷取脈搏波形,運用電腦程式進行頻譜分析,與資料庫比對,藉以分析病理。(5) 健康管理:將量測之生理訊息匯入電腦資料庫,提供病理分析,進行疾病之預防。(6) 運動成效分析:藉由資料庫之運作,可解析獲得歷次運動累積之成效。

炎之呼吸-火焰燃燒時間與空間、位置的關聯性探討

在這個實驗中,我們針對火焰在燃燒時,它所在的「空間形狀」與火焰的「位置、高度、長度」,來量測燃燒時間,期待利用量測出來的數據,配合自然課課程中有關「熱的對流」來推論,並找出一個適合燃燒的條件;實驗時,我們選用圓柱、四角柱、圓錐三種形狀的玻璃瓶,搭配五種不同的點火點高度、二種火焰長度來取得數據,其中圓柱、四角柱,除了在「瓶口圓心測量」,另也測量了「偏向瓶口邊緣位置」數據來做比較,圓錐因為瓶口較小,只測了圓心,實驗初期,遭遇到不少問題,如「火點不著」、「火焰變長」和「排除廢氣、冷卻」等問題,經過大家討論後解決,最後依數據來推論「瓶子形狀」與「火焰的高度、位置、長度」,對於「燃燒時間長短」的影響。