臺灣

二十四節氣是中國古代對氣象觀測的智慧結晶，由於近幾年來聖\r 嬰與反聖嬰現象的影響，在透過嘉義氣象觀測站的協助之下，利用\r Excel 進行簡易的雨量和氣溫統計，並配合中央氣象局發布的環流型\r 態和農業災害，來探討二十四節氣在嘉義地區的適用性。\r 以陽曆來區分節氣，每年會誤差6 小時，加上四年一閏，剛好彌\r 補差距，農曆則需19 年。至於聖嬰現象對嘉義地區則呈現涼夏和暖\r 冬，但在反聖嬰現象中則變為加強四季之特性，即是熱夏與寒冬。兩\r 者都造成雨量集中夏秋兩季，形成冬春乾旱。至於二十四節氣則是以\r 夏、秋的氣溫和雨量相關的諺語較適合嘉義地區。\r Abstract\r The 24 Solar Terms, is the achievement of weather observation from\r ancient China. Because of the effects from El Nina and La Nina these\r years, we proceed simple statistics of rainfall and temperature by using\r Excel and the assistance from Chia-yi Weather Station. We adopt the\r Circulation Type and the damage of agriculture from Central Weather\r Bureau, to discuss if the 24 Solar Terms for in Chia-yi area.\r To divide the 24 Solar Terms according to the solar calendar, there’ll\r be a six –hour gap every year. The gap could be made up every four years.\r But with the lunar calendar, it takes nineteen years to offset. The El Nina\r shows cool summer and warm winter in Chia-yi area, but the La Nina\r emphasizes the characteristics of the four seasons. It shows hot summer\r and cold winter. Both of them rain mostly in summer and fall, and cause\r the drought in winter and spring. The saying of the 24 Solar Terms is\r suitable for the temperature and the rainfall during summer and fall in\r Chia-yi area.

給定下面範例：\r 058823529411764705882 +235294117647058823532\r =0588235294117647058823529411764705882353，\r 其等式結果與質數17 的倒數結果(1/17)有某種關聯(卻沒有一個決定性的證據)，意即\r 1/17=0.0588235294117647=\r 0.058823529411764705882352941176470588235294117647...... ( Len(17) =16 )\r \r 曾經在下列網站上發現過幾組數字(挑戰試題)，引起我們極大的興趣。\r http://www.domino.research.ibm.com/Comm/wwwr_pondernsf/challenges/March2000.html\r http://www.math.smsu.edu/~les/POW08_96.html\r \r \r The two examples that I have are 0588 2+23532=05882353 and 058823529411764705882+23529411764705882353 2=0588235294117647058823529411764705882353 These were found by the Canadian professor Alf van der Poorten, and he gave a talk on these identities in December at the west coast number theory conference. He was unspecific as to exactly where these identities were coming from, but they are connected with reciprocals of primes:1/17 = 0.0588235294117647= 0.058823529411764705882352941176470588235294117647 ΛΛ ( Len(17) = 16 ) Though not mentioning how to obtain these equations, Prof. Poorten demonstrated the relationship between the above examples and the reciprocal of the prime numbers 17 (1/17 ) without a definitive proof.

利用范式起電器將靜電導入蒸餾水、甘油、苯、環己烷、乙醇、正丙醇、正戊醇，以及HCl(aq)、NaCl(aq)、CuSO4(aq)……等不同溶液中，我們發現：非電解質溶液可以藉由極性分子的媒合作用"貯存”電子，而其中H2O效果最好，即水合電子是可以穩定存在的！但在水中若添加HCl、NaCl等電解質會提高容易導電性，以致於無貯存電子的效果。我們也發現苯雖不是極性分子，但因具有π共振系統，也能有效貯存電子。另外，從引入密度泛函數理論結合類導體可極化連續模型加以計算的結果，也能發現極性分子容易的溶劑電子親核能比非極性分子容易來的大，與實驗結果吻合。By using a Van de Graff Generator to put electrons into various solutions or solvents (such as water, alcohol, benzene, propyl alcohol, solutions of sodium chloride, etc.), we find out that nonelectrolytes can "store" electrons through hydration of polar molecules. And water has the best ability of keeping electrons among others. In other words, hydrated electrons can exist stably. However, if we add electrolyte into solvent, the solution won't store electrons because of its increasing electric conductivity. The experiment also shows that benzene can keep electrons though it is a nonpolar molecules. We infer that it is the " π resonance system " which contributes to its high ability of electron storage. In addition, by introducing the calculations of CPCM (Conductor-Like Polarizable Continuum Model), we find out that the electron affinity of polar solutions are stronger than those of nonpolar solutions. The computed results are in agreement with our experiment.

Now Artificial Neural Networks using on the basic math is fewer. This paper is to suggest the Linear equation of the basic math using the BP Artificial Neural Networks. The BP Neural Networks have power ability for learning and can approximate any function, and regularity can be found to solve the linear equation. A good sample is one of the important elements for learning of Artificial Neural Networks. Generally, the samples are a lot of amount for the resolution of Linear equation. This paper is to use the principle of two points decide one line for the samples. The experiment shows that this method curtails many samples. Furthermore we also use Artificial Neural Networks to solve the problem of point-slope form. The experiment result is very satisfactory, and it offers some idea for the basic math using Artificial Neural Networks.目前人工神經網路較少用於基礎數學方面的求解，本文針對基礎數學直線方程式提出BP 人工神經網路應用於求解直線方程式，運用其很強的學習能力、(輸入向量和其對應的目標向量來訓練網路、逼近函數)，尋求規律來求解直線方程式；而良好的樣本是人工神經網路學習的重要條件之一，一般解決直線方程式需要大量樣本，本文利用二點決定一直線的原理來解決樣本問題，實驗結果顯示，這一方法成功的縮短了可觀的學習樣本，此外我們也運用BP 人工神經網路來求解點斜式的直線方程式問題，實驗結果是可行的，並且為人工神經網路用於基礎數學提供了一些思考方向。

通常使用隔熱材料可以降低熱量傳遞，而使用風扇、散熱片、熱導管等用來單向散熱。但如何在一個系統上同時滿足隔熱和雙向傳熱的需求呢？因此我研究設計了仿生智慧型熱控制系統，能隨環境改變而快速轉變成隔熱或轉變成雙向傳熱並控制熱傳遞的方向及大小，這可以應用在房屋、汽車、恆溫系統等。我先自製了自動傳熱量測系統，測試並找出好的隔熱和傳熱材料及構造。為了能快速控制熱的方向及大小，我又發展了第一代替換式、第二代熱柵式和第三代熱管式熱控制系統；經過多次實驗，利用低沸點有機溶劑和控制系統，我成功地完成仿生智慧型熱控制系統，讓熱隔絕或快速流進流出，比傳統的方法改進很多，也達到節約能源的目的。Insulation materials are usually used to reduce heat transfer rate, while fans, radiators and heat pipes are applied to increase heat transfer rate and bring heat away. But is it possible to have both functions of insulation and heat transfer together in a single system? This research is to design and develop an intelligent heat control system, with both function of insulation and function of transferring heat together. Besides, this system can control the direction and amount of heat transferred. Such a system can be applied in house walls, cars, thermostatic system, etc. I developed an automatic heat measurement system which was used to test the properties of heat transfer for different materials and structures. Three generations of intelligent bi-directional automatic heat control system were then developed to get fast heat transfer and function of heat control. They were phase 1 replacing-type system, phase 2 heat-grating system, and phase 3 heat-pipe system. After tens of experiments, I successfully control the amount and rate of heat transfer via low-boiling-point organic solutions and controller. The designed system is bi-directional, and is more innovative and efficient than conventional uni-directional heat control methods. Besides, this system also has huge contribution in reducing energy consumption.

此研究是探討在目前全球因聖嬰現象後北極暖化，造成溫度持續在三十年內以每年上升攝氏零點五度，目前多數資料以顯示，對於地球內的生物生態產生了微妙的變化，在本文中將引述著名雜誌─科學人雜誌所刊登之關於全球暖化造成的生態環境影響；然而早在三億五千萬年前就已存在地球上的古老生物─蟑螂，順利的度過了多次的大滅絕，走過冥霜與煉獄。但是否會因為暖化作用而造成其生態影響呢？他又會不會成為少數存留並且大量繁殖的征服者呢？所以我們開始查詢白堊紀之資料，在研究、討論並製作改造完成實驗室氣溫控制冷熱溫差調節器，並從專業研究蟑螂生態的業界專業實驗室取得同一時期的實驗蟑螂物種，以期待本實驗更能具有更高的正確可信度；於特殊自行改造的觀察箱內進行整個實驗，已改變溫度並測量其進食狀況，瞭解蟑螂在溫度變化下的生態狀況。\r \r It’s easy to find the cockroach at any corner, such as school or house. They also hide in the refrigerator and stove.Thus,we are curious why they have durable vitality. This is the reason why we want to uncover the mysterious veil. According to data, we are curious about the environment of the cockroach and the temperature.Therefore,we want to imitate the situation of the ecosystem temperature at that time and inquire into its mystery. The purpose of Research is to make the violent changes, then discussing the meal which has attained its biggest existence rate. This uncontrolled experiment will influence the accuracy by factors.Therefore,we go to visit the laboratory personally and obtain some species of cockroach. Through the professional explanation and introductions, we make sure the direction of this experiment further. In this experiment we measure their appetite and the controls of the temperature everyday. They almost can crawl quickly along any material. We adopt the professional suggestion to measure with CO2 and O2.When the cockroach inhales CO2,we can observe the construction of the each part carefully. Through long-term observation, the food of the cockroach decreases, when the temperature rises to 20.6℃ or declines to 16.3℃,and it will stop moving when the temperature rises to 31.8℃ or declines to 8.7℃. When the temperature rises rapidly or reduce more than 15℃,the cockroach will look for shelter. Besides they easily get fainted when cockroach inhales CO2 without soil. The dinosaur were all buried underground, but why can the cockroach survive up to now? Probably, large land is their savior! Our conclusion is (1)The temperature that cockroach can exist from 49℃ to 3℃.(2)The suitable environment of cockroach growth is between 28.5℃ and 25℃.(3)The cockroach maintains their existence by eating under the low temperature 20℃ to 15 ℃.(4)Above 32℃ and under 7℃ the antenna is close to ground, its life is weaker.(5)The cockroach almost can live at any dilemma. But it can’t keep the prosperous life when it’s short of water.(6)From the above cockroach will be king of the world forever.

A novel technology for detection of trace concentration of ions at ppb level was developed. The detection limit of this method can be reached to 1ppb. The Wheatstone bridge usually be used for determination the concentration of metal ion, the major disadvantage of this technique is the precision too low. Atom absorption spectroscopy is better for monitoring trace metal ion, but the cost of instrument is too expensive. In this study, the oscilloscope was used to modify the Wheatstone bridge Circuit. The difference between the voltages of two connection points of Wheatstone bridge was used to estimate the concentration of ions. The amplification system was used in this method to improve the limit to detect ion from 10 ppm to 10ppb. The parameters of measurement including types of probe, match of Wheatstone bridge resistances, parameters of input signal and electrolysis in solution were also being studied. 本研究主要是發展一個富有創新且經濟的ppb ( parts per billion ; 10-9)級，微濃度金屬離子量策技術，目前本實驗設計已可以達到 ppb的偵測極限，尤其本方法不僅能夠應用於定量，尚可做定性偵測。簡易的溶液濃度技術常使用惠司通電橋的方法，但這個方法的缺點在於精確度較低，而另外常用的儀器是原子吸收光譜儀，卻價格高昂。因此，我們回頭對惠司通電橋的技術作改良和創新技術。首先，最重要的新技術是對示波器的改良。示波器被用來量測惠司通電橋的電位，我們比較電橋上兩特定點的電位來判斷濃度，當兩個點的電位相同時代表溶液電阻和控制電阻相同。但當輸入信號的電壓太強時，示波器上並無法判別細微的電位變化，因此造成量測的精度不高。本組設計新的電路用以放大在高強度訊號的波形細微變化，成功將測量極限由 10 ppm推進到 ppb。另外關於此設計中的各種參數，包括探針類型、惠司通電路的電阻匹配、輸入訊號之強度頻率、電極間電容效應及溶液中可能發生的電解效應等，都有精確的探討。最後的設計結果將是創新且有別於以往的設計概念。

The objectives of this investigation were to evaluate the growth conditions and the antioxidant activities of fermented black bean soy milk(BBSM) with Bifidobacterium longum B6 and 15708 cultured in four media, namely, ( BBSM ( 100%)+ 1% glucose ), ( BBSM (100%)), ( BBSM (50%) + milk (50%)), (milk (100%)) . These results indicated that; (1) both strains attained viable cell numbers about 7.19~9.53 log CFU/ml after 18 hrs of incubation and were in the order of ( milk (100%))＞( BBSM (50%) + milk (50%))＞ ( BBSM (100%) + 1% glucose)＞( BBSM (100%)), (2) both strains in ( BBSM (100%)) exhibited higher pH value ranging from 4.79 to 5.50 , but lower titratable acidity(%) ranging from 0.27% to 0.61% than the three other media after 48h of fermentation, (3) both strains displayed an even smaller tolerance to simulated gastric juice at pH = 2.0 for 3h, especially in ( BBSM(100%)), while in simulated gastric juice at pH =3.0 for 3h had higher tolerance , (4) both strains had high resistance ranging from 72.51% to 92.62% to 0.3% bile solution for 12h, (5) the reducing power of ( BBSM (100%)) was more excellent than that of ( milk (100%)), (6) the scavenging effect of yogurt (BBSM ( 100%) + 1% glucose) on DPPH radicals was significantly higher than that of ( milk (100%)), (7) In general, at ten- fold dilution the chelating effect on copper ions of these four un-fermented media except ( milk (100%)) was significantly higher than that of fermented media with B.longum B6 or 15708. 本研究是探討雙叉桿菌(Bifidobacterium longum B6及15708)在四種發酵基質(【黑豆奶(100%)+1%葡萄糖】、【黑豆奶(100%)】、【黑豆奶(50%)+牛奶(50%)】、【牛奶(100%)】)中的生長情形及抗氧化活性。結果顯示： (一) 兩株菌在四種培養基中的生長菌數大小順序如下：【牛奶(100%)】＞【黑豆奶(50%)+牛奶(50%)】＞【黑豆奶(100%)+1%葡萄糖】＞【黑豆奶(100%)】。 (二) 兩株菌在【黑豆奶(100%)】的pH值比較高於其他三種優酪乳，而最終發酵可滴定酸度比較低於其他三種優酪乳。(三) 兩株菌於pH2.0環境下，在【黑豆奶(100%)】優酪乳中耐酸性很低，而於pH3.0環境下卻有很高的耐酸性。(四) 兩株菌對0.3%膽鹽之耐受性均很高為72.52%~92.62%。(五) 在稀釋10倍的四種基質中，不論發酵前或發酵後的還原力皆以【黑豆奶(100%)】為最高，【牛奶(100%)】為最低。(六) 在濃度稀釋10倍時，【黑豆奶(100%)+1%葡萄糖】對DPPH‧自由基清除率明顯比【牛奶(100%)】高。(七) 在濃度稀釋10倍的四種優酪乳中，除【牛奶(100%)】外，發酵後比未發酵的銅離子螯合率明顯降低。

Hormesis是指不同劑量具相反效應的雙相劑量反應，在藥理學、毒物學和醫學等領域，為革命性的重要概念，使科學界重新檢視劑量效應的性質與相關應用。本研究探討酒精對蟑螂運動行為與生理作用的效應，發現攝入酒精後的蟑螂，於代謝、循環及免疫反應的各項指標出現Hormesis現象，其中耗氧速率與產二氧化碳速率呈現J型，其餘指標則呈現倒U型。我們也發現酒精會使蟑螂的移動範圍及路徑縮小、速度變慢，同時引起以下生理作用：非換氣期拉長，呼吸速率下降；耗氧速率下降，呼吸商上升；心跳率下降，但心搏量增加，心輸出量上升；促進包囊作用及脂肪體觸酶活性，同時步足的反射更加顯著。本研究所測量的各種生理指標中，除了呼吸運動外，酒精引發的各種生理效應與前人所發現之警告費洛蒙的生理效應有相同趨勢，皆出現「低調與供應(Quiet & Supply)」反應，是一種面對危機的預前準備。

本專題研究之目的，在於運用簡單的原理自製出準確、廉價、適用於低風速範圍的風速計；方法是藉由將一連接轉軸的玻璃片迎風，探討迎風時，玻璃片偏轉夾角和風速之間的關係。實驗過程中同時發展出可以用馬達旋臂的裝置與v=rω的原理，產生穩定可計算風速的環境。研究結果發現：在低風速的環境下，θ 範圍小時玻璃片與地夾角和風速大略成正比的關係，所以我們可以得到近似式” v≒aθ+b”，參數(a,b)依玻璃片而定。另外θ 範圍大時，我們可以使用二次逼近曲線的方程式與內插法來作角度與風速的對應。藉由控制玻璃片的厚度、質量與形狀，我們可以製造出相對應風速範圍的風速計。The purpose of our research is to use easy theorems to make accurate and inexpensive anemometer which is available in low wind velocity. To make such anemometers, we made a piece of glass, which was connected to a axle, to face wind; then, we could figure out the corresponding relation between wind speed and the angle created by the original and the resulting positions of the piece of glass. While we were experimenting, we found that we could make a steady-wind-speed environment by using motors, sticks, and the theorem ”v=rω”. The research showed that the angle created by the original and the resulting positions of the piece of glass and wind speed are in direct proportion in low wind velocity in small θ range. Consequently, we\r can derive the formula ” v≒aθ+b” , for each piece of glass (a,b) can be different. In addition, when in bigger θ range, we can use quadratic approximate equation and interpolation to describe the corresponding relation between the angle and wind speed. By adjusting the thickness, mass , and the shape of the glass, we can make anemometers corresponding to different wind velocity ranges.