臺灣

通常使用隔熱材料可以降低熱量傳遞，而使用風扇、散熱片、熱導管等用來單向散熱。但如何在一個系統上同時滿足隔熱和雙向傳熱的需求呢？因此我研究設計了仿生智慧型熱控制系統，能隨環境改變而快速轉變成隔熱或轉變成雙向傳熱並控制熱傳遞的方向及大小，這可以應用在房屋、汽車、恆溫系統等。我先自製了自動傳熱量測系統，測試並找出好的隔熱和傳熱材料及構造。為了能快速控制熱的方向及大小，我又發展了第一代替換式、第二代熱柵式和第三代熱管式熱控制系統；經過多次實驗，利用低沸點有機溶劑和控制系統，我成功地完成仿生智慧型熱控制系統，讓熱隔絕或快速流進流出，比傳統的方法改進很多，也達到節約能源的目的。Insulation materials are usually used to reduce heat transfer rate, while fans, radiators and heat pipes are applied to increase heat transfer rate and bring heat away. But is it possible to have both functions of insulation and heat transfer together in a single system? This research is to design and develop an intelligent heat control system, with both function of insulation and function of transferring heat together. Besides, this system can control the direction and amount of heat transferred. Such a system can be applied in house walls, cars, thermostatic system, etc. I developed an automatic heat measurement system which was used to test the properties of heat transfer for different materials and structures. Three generations of intelligent bi-directional automatic heat control system were then developed to get fast heat transfer and function of heat control. They were phase 1 replacing-type system, phase 2 heat-grating system, and phase 3 heat-pipe system. After tens of experiments, I successfully control the amount and rate of heat transfer via low-boiling-point organic solutions and controller. The designed system is bi-directional, and is more innovative and efficient than conventional uni-directional heat control methods. Besides, this system also has huge contribution in reducing energy consumption.

In this research we derived heating effects on anti-oxidation by optical rotation analyses. A simple and accurate Polarimeter was devised with polar screens, laser, and photo resistor; the laser was used for light source, and the photo resistor for detection. Four kind of fruits, Hyloceeus polyrhizus, California plum, kiwi and tomato were experimented by heating them in boiling water and microwave oven. Their optical rotations versus time duration were calculated. Then we used ABTS/ the H2O2/HRP analysis system from Arnao's research to obtain the heating effects on anti-oxidation by calculating the vitamin C densities versus lag time. We found that there was a tendency of increased anti-oxidation at the beginning by heating, but decreased afterwards. Better oxidation was achieved by using microwave for Hyloceeus polyrhizus, by using boiling water for kiwi and tomato, and by using both methods for California plum. The same tendency was also found in the optical rotation analyses. Therefore we successfully developed a new method to measure the antioxidant activities by the optical rotation. We can also apply this method to simulate the fruit digestion process in the stomach, which let us understand further about anti-oxidation ( or optical rotation ) versus time. 本研究利用偏振片、雷射光為光源、光敏電阻為偵測器，組裝成一個簡易且精確的旋光度計。 我們利用此旋光度計對奇異果、火龍果、聖女蕃茄、加州李子四種水果以微波、水煮及油浴三種方式來處理，求出水果的旋光度與熱處理時間的關係。再藉由Arnao 研究的ABTS/ H2O2/HRP 分析系統，以不同濃度的維生素C與延遲時間畫圖作為標準曲線來測量總抗氧化活性，並比較熱處理後抗氧化活性的變化趨勢。 透過本研究可以了解不同熱處理方式對四種水果之抗氧化活性初期皆有增加的趨勢，但隨著時間增長則抗氧化活性降低。其中奇異果與聖女蕃茄用油浴，火龍果用微波處理，加州李子則是用任何熱處理方式均可得較佳的抗氧化活性，而熱處理後在旋光度測量上也有相同的趨勢。因為此兩種方法有一致的反應趨勢，所以證明我們成功地開發出一種可以利用旋光度來測定抗氧化的新方法。 最後，應用本方法進一步模擬水果在胃部裡的消化，讓我們更可以了解在整個消化的過程中抗氧化活性(旋光度)隨時間變化的情形。

在利用電腦螢幕來瀏覽圖形式資訊的時候，常常受限於螢幕的空間，沒有辦法在顯示\r 資訊整體結構的同時顯現細節部分的資料，目前的使用者介面所採用的方法有放大（zoom\r in）、捲動（scrolling）、開啟多個視窗（multiple view）等方法，這些方法雖然可以呈現出資\r 料的細節部分，但是仍有其個別的缺點存在，放大的方式會有遮蔽的情形；捲動的方式無\r 法同時地呈現整體結構；開啟多個視窗的方法使得使用者的眼睛必須在這些視窗間來回的\r 移動，造成麻煩。\r 魚眼鏡頭是一種短焦距、大視角的相機鏡頭，鏡頭成像的時候，越接近鏡頭中心的物\r 體會越放大而越遠的部分會越縮小，藉著發掘魚眼鏡頭的成像函數，我們發展出了一種新\r 的使用者介面，在瀏覽圖形式資訊的時候，能夠顯示整體的結構，並隨著滑鼠游標的移動，\r 以不開啟新視窗及無遮蔽的方式，即時地將想要觀察的部分局部放大以展現細部的資料，\r 這種使用者介面將具備現有方法的優點而無其缺點。\r Browsing the global structure of a large graph in limited screen space has the drawback that details\r are often too small to be seen. The most common solution provides a scrollable view. This shows full\r details at the region currently visible through the view, but hides the rest of the global structure.\r Alternatively, zooming into a part of the graph does show local details but misses the overall structure of\r the graph. The multiple views approach, one view of the entire graph and the other of a zoomed portion,\r has the advantage of seeing both local details and overall structure, but has the drawback that parts of the\r graph adjacent to the enlarged area are not visible at all in the enlarged views.\r A fisheye camera lens is a very wide angle lens that magnifies nearby objects while shrinking distant\r objects. It seems to be a tool for seeing local detail and global structure simultaneously. By means of\r exploring fisheye camera lens, we develop a user interface for browsing graphs using program analog of\r fisheye lens. Thus, our method seems to have all the advantages of the other approaches without suffering\r from any of the drawbacks.\r \r

Arabidopsis thaliana bZIPs（AtbZIPs）是一群影響層面相當廣泛的轉錄因子，一半以上的 AtbZIPs 基因表現受到光的調控，且近九成的分子機制尚未明瞭，因此探討 AtbZIPs 在植物光調控機制中所扮演的角色將是個有趣的課題。AtbZIP16 與 AtbZIP17 皆被推測會參與光的調控機制，然而迄今少有文獻針對這二個轉錄因子進行更多的研究。因此，我們想藉由細菌單雜合系統（Bacterial one hybrid system）的方法，找出能與 AtbZIP16 與 AtbZIP17轉錄因子結合的 DNA 序列，以瞭解此二轉錄因子調節下游基因表現的分子機制，並探討其在光訊息傳導途徑中所扮演的角色。針對 AtbZIP16 與 AtbZIP17，本實驗分別找到了 7 與10 種可能的結合序列。首先，經由資料庫比對分析，我們發現其序列上帶有的 motifs 功能，主要參與在光調控、環境逆境反應機制、組織發育、賀爾蒙調節、病原菌防禦、鈣離子訊息傳遞等方面，其中又以光調控佔最大的比例。再者，藉由將 motifs 的功能繪製成文氏圖，並與 HY5 （AtbZIP56）做比較，結果顯示，這三個轉錄因子雖同屬於 AtbZIP family，據推測皆受到光的調控，可能參與某些相似的生理調節過程，但都各自具備不同的功能，影響植物體的發育。如此的差異，表示他們有實質上的不同，值得我們更深入的研究。整體而言，本實驗結果除了說明 AtbZIPs 的功能確實廣泛之外，也顯示AtbZIP16 與AtbZIP17 是執行光訊號傳導很重要的調控因子。Arabidopsis thaliana bZIPs (AtbZIPs) is a group of transcription factors affecting a wide range of responses in Arabidopsis. The expression of more than half of the AtbZIPs is regulated by light, and the molecular mechanism for roughly 90% of these AtbZIPs remains unknown. Therefore, the roles AtbZIPs play in Arabidopsis light signal transduction is an interesting topic to pursue. AtbZIP16 and AtbZIP17 have been suggested to participate in the regulation mechanism mediated by light. However, only limited studies for these two transcription factors have been previously performed. For this reason, we intended to determine the DNA-binding sequences for AtbZIP16 and AtbZIP17 via the bacterial one hybrid system to reveal their target binding sites in the promoter region of their downstream genes and to speculate their possible biological function especially in light signal transduction pathway. We have identified 7 and 10 possible recognition sequences for AtbZIP16 and AtbZIP17, respectively. Using motif-finding programs analyses, we found the motifs identified are mainly involved in light and stress signaling, tissue development, hormone regulation, pathogen defense and Ca2+ signaling. Among these regulation pathways, sequences involved in light regulation owns the highest proportion. Furthermore, a Venn diagram was generated to compare functions of genes regulated by AtbZIP16, AtbZIP17 and HY5. Results revealed that, although these three transcription factors all belong to the AtbZIP family and are predicted to be regulated by some similar physiological regulation process (e.g. light), they still possess distict biological functions in plant development. Further studies are thus required to put these transcription factors into their shared and unique biological context. Taken together, the results of this experiment not only indicated light is a key regulation factor for AtbZIP16 and AtbZIP17, but also showed the function of AtbZIPs could be diverse.

近年來，未拉上手煞車所造成的傷害事故層出不窮，主要有兩個導因，一、車主已離車但未拉上手煞車；二、看見自己的車已經開始滑動，想用徒手力量阻擋。因為車輛的質量很大，往往沒有辦法阻止，反而造成了車主自身或周遭行人的傷亡。本設計主要功能是用於車輛滑動的預防。我們運用了加速規來感測地面的坡度，當車輛停放在斜坡，駕駛座上無人，且沒有拉起手煞車，本系統將會自動偵測，我們使用了OPA比較電路來判斷坡度是否達到我們預設的值，如果是，系統將會啟動警報器警告周圍的人，而且會自動將手煞車拉起，以防止車輛繼續下滑，這就是我們所發明的智慧手煞車的作動原理及基本的構想。我們希望藉由此設計，達到減少因未拉上手煞車而造成的事故，並且能藉由警報聲改正駕駛人習慣，減少傷亡提升車輛安全。

此研究是探討在目前全球因聖嬰現象後北極暖化，造成溫度持續在三十年內以每年上升攝氏零點五度，目前多數資料以顯示，對於地球內的生物生態產生了微妙的變化，在本文中將引述著名雜誌─科學人雜誌所刊登之關於全球暖化造成的生態環境影響；然而早在三億五千萬年前就已存在地球上的古老生物─蟑螂，順利的度過了多次的大滅絕，走過冥霜與煉獄。但是否會因為暖化作用而造成其生態影響呢？他又會不會成為少數存留並且大量繁殖的征服者呢？所以我們開始查詢白堊紀之資料，在研究、討論並製作改造完成實驗室氣溫控制冷熱溫差調節器，並從專業研究蟑螂生態的業界專業實驗室取得同一時期的實驗蟑螂物種，以期待本實驗更能具有更高的正確可信度；於特殊自行改造的觀察箱內進行整個實驗，已改變溫度並測量其進食狀況，瞭解蟑螂在溫度變化下的生態狀況。\r \r It’s easy to find the cockroach at any corner, such as school or house. They also hide in the refrigerator and stove.Thus,we are curious why they have durable vitality. This is the reason why we want to uncover the mysterious veil. According to data, we are curious about the environment of the cockroach and the temperature.Therefore,we want to imitate the situation of the ecosystem temperature at that time and inquire into its mystery. The purpose of Research is to make the violent changes, then discussing the meal which has attained its biggest existence rate. This uncontrolled experiment will influence the accuracy by factors.Therefore,we go to visit the laboratory personally and obtain some species of cockroach. Through the professional explanation and introductions, we make sure the direction of this experiment further. In this experiment we measure their appetite and the controls of the temperature everyday. They almost can crawl quickly along any material. We adopt the professional suggestion to measure with CO2 and O2.When the cockroach inhales CO2,we can observe the construction of the each part carefully. Through long-term observation, the food of the cockroach decreases, when the temperature rises to 20.6℃ or declines to 16.3℃,and it will stop moving when the temperature rises to 31.8℃ or declines to 8.7℃. When the temperature rises rapidly or reduce more than 15℃,the cockroach will look for shelter. Besides they easily get fainted when cockroach inhales CO2 without soil. The dinosaur were all buried underground, but why can the cockroach survive up to now? Probably, large land is their savior! Our conclusion is (1)The temperature that cockroach can exist from 49℃ to 3℃.(2)The suitable environment of cockroach growth is between 28.5℃ and 25℃.(3)The cockroach maintains their existence by eating under the low temperature 20℃ to 15 ℃.(4)Above 32℃ and under 7℃ the antenna is close to ground, its life is weaker.(5)The cockroach almost can live at any dilemma. But it can’t keep the prosperous life when it’s short of water.(6)From the above cockroach will be king of the world forever.

本研究以蒸餾水加熱葡萄皮、紫高麗菜及火龍果皮的方式，萃取深色果皮或菜葉中所含花青素，並以自製實驗裝置檢測其花青素萃取液具有遮白光及紫外光效果。萃取過程中發現將果皮乾燥處理、改用甲醇或乙醇當溶劑來萃取花青素，上述方式都會加快及提升花青素萃取的量。自製防曬乳中加入火龍果皮的花青素萃取液，其遮紫外光效果(電阻值)約為未添加花青素萃取液的1.5倍；將火龍果皮乾燥處理並以甲醇為溶劑的花青素萃取液，在添加工研醋當染媒劑的情況下，麻布染色定色效果佳，且其遮擋紫外光能力(電阻值)遠較未經處理的麻布優異。

A novel technology for detection of trace concentration of ions at ppb level was developed. The detection limit of this method can be reached to 1ppb. The Wheatstone bridge usually be used for determination the concentration of metal ion, the major disadvantage of this technique is the precision too low. Atom absorption spectroscopy is better for monitoring trace metal ion, but the cost of instrument is too expensive. In this study, the oscilloscope was used to modify the Wheatstone bridge Circuit. The difference between the voltages of two connection points of Wheatstone bridge was used to estimate the concentration of ions. The amplification system was used in this method to improve the limit to detect ion from 10 ppm to 10ppb. The parameters of measurement including types of probe, match of Wheatstone bridge resistances, parameters of input signal and electrolysis in solution were also being studied. 本研究主要是發展一個富有創新且經濟的ppb ( parts per billion ; 10-9)級，微濃度金屬離子量策技術，目前本實驗設計已可以達到 ppb的偵測極限，尤其本方法不僅能夠應用於定量，尚可做定性偵測。簡易的溶液濃度技術常使用惠司通電橋的方法，但這個方法的缺點在於精確度較低，而另外常用的儀器是原子吸收光譜儀，卻價格高昂。因此，我們回頭對惠司通電橋的技術作改良和創新技術。首先，最重要的新技術是對示波器的改良。示波器被用來量測惠司通電橋的電位，我們比較電橋上兩特定點的電位來判斷濃度，當兩個點的電位相同時代表溶液電阻和控制電阻相同。但當輸入信號的電壓太強時，示波器上並無法判別細微的電位變化，因此造成量測的精度不高。本組設計新的電路用以放大在高強度訊號的波形細微變化，成功將測量極限由 10 ppm推進到 ppb。另外關於此設計中的各種參數，包括探針類型、惠司通電路的電阻匹配、輸入訊號之強度頻率、電極間電容效應及溶液中可能發生的電解效應等，都有精確的探討。最後的設計結果將是創新且有別於以往的設計概念。

在這個科展中我們要研究兩個非常有趣的問題：\r 停車場問題 與 彈硬幣遊戲.\r 停車場問題是這樣的：在一條單行道上有n個車位，編號從1到n。現在有n個司機排成一排要進入停車。但是每個司機都有怪癖，各自有最想要停的位子。他們依序將車子開進單行道，如果想要停的位子是空的，當然停在這個位子。但是如果不巧那個位子已經被停了，不得已只好找下一個空位，姑且停之。但是如果往下找都沒有空位，由於是單行道，司機就只好開走不停了。\r 比如說，如果現在有五輛車，司機的喜好分別是(3,1,2,5,2)。則五輛車都可以順利停車。但是司機的喜好如果是(3,1,4,5,4)，有些車就無法停車了。\r 彈硬幣遊戲是這樣的：考慮圓內接正n+1邊形，任意兩點都連線。這正n+1邊形中有一個頂點P是特殊的，每個頂點上一開始都放有一些硬幣(各點硬幣數可以不同)。如果P以外的某個頂點上的硬幣數n個，我們可以對這個頂點進行操作：一次操作是指將這個頂點上的硬幣各分一個給每個其他頂點。點P只在其他點都無法操作時操作。我們不理會頂點P上的錢數，因此這個遊戲可以無限地玩下去。

Hormesis是指不同劑量具相反效應的雙相劑量反應，在藥理學、毒物學和醫學等領域，為革命性的重要概念，使科學界重新檢視劑量效應的性質與相關應用。本研究探討酒精對蟑螂運動行為與生理作用的效應，發現攝入酒精後的蟑螂，於代謝、循環及免疫反應的各項指標出現Hormesis現象，其中耗氧速率與產二氧化碳速率呈現J型，其餘指標則呈現倒U型。我們也發現酒精會使蟑螂的移動範圍及路徑縮小、速度變慢，同時引起以下生理作用：非換氣期拉長，呼吸速率下降；耗氧速率下降，呼吸商上升；心跳率下降，但心搏量增加，心輸出量上升；促進包囊作用及脂肪體觸酶活性，同時步足的反射更加顯著。本研究所測量的各種生理指標中，除了呼吸運動外，酒精引發的各種生理效應與前人所發現之警告費洛蒙的生理效應有相同趨勢，皆出現「低調與供應(Quiet & Supply)」反應，是一種面對危機的預前準備。