Lotus effect（蓮花效應）是蓮葉表面化學組成（wax）與物理組成（微纖維結構）兩者所造成。本研究是以模擬Lotus effect，採用Sol-Gel 製成，將氟化矽聚合為奈米膠體。實驗結果發現，以異丙醇為溶劑，再依序加入氟化矽、硝酸以製成的Sol-Gel，將其塗覆於玻璃表面，可得到最高的接觸角（114.71°），且少量的氟化矽可製成大量的成品，已具有實用價值又兼顧成本的優點，最重要的是，本研究克服了目前Sol-Gel 製程與應用的四大難題（機械強度、與基材接著問題、透明度、溶膠凝固問題），可說是一大創舉。利用所研發出來的奈米溶膠，我們能成功地將Sol-Gel 附著於布料、玻璃、釉表面、粉體，也能成功地研發出具有自潔透氣的布料、救生衣、雪衣、棉被及自潔功能的玻璃、磁磚與市面上尚未研發出的防水粉體（接觸角＞140°），因此我們研發出的Sol-Gel 應用甚廣，有無限的發展潛力。Chemical composition (wax) and physical characteristics (microstructure) of lotus leaves are both responsible of the so call Lotus Effect. In this study we intend to demonstrate louts effect by applying Sol-Gel method to polymerize fluorosilane into nano-scale colloid. Our experimental results shown that the sol-gel made based on isopropanol solvent with fluorosilane and nitric acid added in order, when coated on glass plate, can achieve highest (liquid-surface) contact angle of 114.7 degrees. In addition, only small quantity of fluorosilane is sufficient to produce large amount of product, making this method feasible and cost-effective. More importantly, this procedure overcome the four major difficulty of sol-gel processing and application, namely mechanical toughness, adhesion with substrate, transparency, and consolidation. Using the nano-sol-gel developed in this study, we have successfully coated the sol-gel onto fabric, glass, ceramic grazing surface, and powder, which allow one to make self-cleaning breathable clothes, life jacket, snow cloth, futon and self-cleaning glass and tiles, as well as water-proof powder (contact angle > 140 degrees) which is brand new on market. We therefore believe that there is a great potential for the application of sol-gel developed in this study.

目前生物學知識認為雉科鳥類的性別，在卵受精後即決定(WZ型)，不受環境的影響，但是在本組一連串的實驗中發現，雉科鳥類的性別與孵化的溫度變化有非常大的影響，一般宮廷雞的孵化條件在濕度55％RH及溫度98℉～99℉，在此孵化條件下宮廷雞的子代♀：♂=1：1，若溫度降為97℉的孵化條件下所得子代♀性佔93％，倘若溫度升高為100℉的孵化條件下所得子代♂性佔92％，可見在比正常孵化溫度高的環境下宮廷雞的受精卵會轉變為♂性，而比正常孵化溫度低的環境下孵化的宮廷雞受精卵卻會轉變為♀性，本實驗續做了六代，結果大致相似，由此可以證明控制孵化溫度可以改變宮廷雞的性別，這一行為，可能與Z染色體上一個溫度依賴型的連鎖基因(DMRT1)之表現有關。 ;The temperature of hatching can affect Chinese silkys's sex It is now established that the sex of Pheasants is determined when the egg is impregnated, rather than by environmental factors. However, in a series of experiments, we find that the sex of Pheasants is strongly related to the temperature of hatching. In the normal hatching condition (humidity:55% RH ,temperature: 98.5℉), the ratio of female and male offspring of Chinese silkys is 1:1. If the temperature is lowered to 97℉, the female offspring occupies a proportion of 93%. If the temperature is raised to 100℉, the male proportion will reach 92%. We can thus derive the conclusion: the impregnated eggs of Chinese silkys will be transformed to male at a temperature higher than the normal one, while a lower temperature than the normal one will cause the impregnated eggs to be female. The experiments have been conducted through six generations of Chinese silkys, and the results are practically the same. This indicates that temperature changes can affect gender, This may be related to a Z-linked of DMRT1 gene on the DNA, which is temperature-dependent.

政府全面換發國民身分證，並訂定新式身分證之規格，以防範遭不法偽造之情事，確保民眾權益。然而其中的照片規格，有十多條規格的限定，若用傳統的辨別方式，近1876 萬張照片是否合乎規定，那將耗費多少的人力呢？於是本次研究主題「新式國民身分證相片規格驗證暨浮水印防偽系統」即產生，設計一套程式，提高換發國民身分證的工作效率及確保換證使用相片的正確度。並且延伸研究出使用內崁式的數位浮水印〈Digital Watermarks〉，將全國民眾的身分證照片統一建立資料庫，並自動加入個人資料浮水印。日後，照片只需透過本程式分析，即可知道其姓名、身分證字號、有無犯罪前科等個人資料。希望藉此達到降低偽造身分證之犯罪率，以保護民眾之權利。 The government is launching to renew national identification cards with new norms, to avoid fake ones. However, there are more than ten limits on photos, it could be wasting time to discern by people. Thus, I launched a research on "The xamination on new national ID card photos and watermark forgery-proof system". The program will help both to enhance efficient renewal process and to use correct photos. Also we developed the embeded Digital Watermark technology, which would create a database for ID cards of the nation and could add personal infomation automatically. With the help of the program, simply run the photo analysis, we could find out the names, ID number, criminal background, etc.We hope to decrease crimes via fake ID cards, and protect the national right.

本研究主題在測量口琴簧片受到各種氣流因子影響後，所產生音色、音頻等變化之探討。在過去我們認為，一片簧片不論如何吹奏，其發出的頻率皆相同。但是事實上，演奏家控制氣流的強弱、方向、渦流等，便可吹奏出多樣的音頻。探討形狀因子對簧片頻率的影響，如：長度、寬度、厚度對頻率所造成的影響。自製口琴，利用變壓器控制送風機風速。探討氣流因子對簧片主頻之影響，利用各種不同的自製吹嘴，改變風速、角度、渦流…等，找出可能使簧片改變頻率的氣流因素。實驗結果發現改變風速會影響簧片主頻的變化，風速越大，頻率越大，為一條平滑線。但並非一直都會上升，當簧片頻率上升至某一極限，便無法再利用風速使頻率上升。例如實驗四吸音標準狀態下，風速大於8 Kt 後，頻率一直停在429Hz。在外加障礙物時(模擬吹奏舌頭時隆起)和標準狀態(正常零度入射)下頻率比較吹音和吸音有明顯的差異。吹音時，同風速下，其頻率比標準狀態高，發生音升；吸音時，同風速下，其頻率比標準狀態低，發生音降，具應用性。我們發現在頻率改變時，簧片的振動型態會有所不同，所以利用高畫素像機拍攝和電腦相位差算出簧片之曲折點至尾端的距離，發現頻率和簧片之曲折點至尾端的距離成正向關係。如實驗五中頻率從414 至419Hz，簧片的曲折點到振動端距離也明顯變大。我們發現吹嘴和口琴只要稍有一點空隙(大約在0.2cm 左右)，便會和完全吻合時有顯著的頻率差距(吻合後大約比有空隙低20Hz 左右)，此實驗頻率變化現象和現實壓音頻率變化極為相近。實驗過程中發現，改變簧片吹嘴的吻合程度，吹入口琴的風速相近，但頻率變化卻也有壓音的音頻變化。在實驗三加入各種氣流因子發現入射角度和標準情形差異不明顯，因此推論壓音的頻率變化和風力強度、入射角度關係不大，壓音主要為渦流所造成的現象。簧片振動模式改變，導致簧片振動頻率發生變化，且簧片的自然頻率不變。當壓音產生時，氣流在振動面造成妨礙簧片振動的抗力，但琴格內部同時也給簧片的風壓，使簧片產生一種非自然振動的頻率。The theme of the research is to explore the changes on its timbre and frequency after the harmonica reed is influenced by each kind of air current factor .In the past ,most people think no matter how to play the reed ,the frequency it produced was supposed to be the same. But in fact the frequency will be changeable under different direction, turbulent flow and air intension by the perform. First to explore the basic feature of harmonica reed, for example: The length, the width, thickness cause the influence on the frequency. To make the self-made harmonica, using the transformer control air feeder wind speed. To discussion the influenced caused by air current factors,and use each kind of different self-restraint to boast, change the wind speed, angle, turbulent flow ,in order to discover possible factors the reed causes to change the frequency of the air current factor. The experimental result discovered the change of wind speed can affect the change of basic frequency , the stronger speed cause the bigger frequency, It will be a curve. But it will not be rising continuously, when the reed frequency rise to some limit, it is unable to cause the frequency rise again by using the wind speed. For example experiment four sound absorption standard conditions, after the wind speed is higher than 8 Kt, the frequency continuously stops in 429Hz. To compare obstacle (simulation plays when tongue sticks out) and the standard condition (normal zero degree incidence) , comparison blows the sound agreement sound absorption to have the obvious difference. When blows the sound, under the same wind speed, its frequency is higher than the standard condition, has the sound to rise; When sound absorption, under the same wind speed, its frequency is lower than the standard condition, has the sound to fall. The harmonica terminology for presses the sound, extremely has the application. We discovered when frequency change, the reed vibration condition have differently, therefore use the camera photography and the computer phase different figures out the reed winding point to the end distance, discovered the frequency and the reed winding point relate to end distance is being connected. If tests five medium frequencies from 414 to 419Hz, the reed winding point is away from to the vibration end also obviously changes . The different reed vibration condition cause the frequency to change. Natural frequency is constant. When cause “bending” (the frequency is lower than the standard condition), the airflow make a force keep from reed vibration. But the chamber air pressure still drive reed. therefore cause the reed to give off not natural frequency sound

We can prove 鬼腳圖 have an one-to-one characteristic; it is mean that you can not design a 鬼腳圖 which will make two starting point to the same end. We also can prove you can design any 鬼腳圖 you want; you can predict a result, and you can design a 鬼腳圖 which suit the result, no matter what the result it is. We can design any 鬼腳圖 we want, but it possibly becomes very big and complicated. We develop a method to make it become briefer. According to the method, we make a function that can design the 鬼腳圖 you want in a very short time. You predict a result in computer, and the\r function will design a 鬼腳圖 which suit the result, and it will be the briefest. 吾人已經可以證明鬼腳圖具備一對一的性質，意思就是：不可能從兩個起點開始畫線，最後到同一個終點上。吾人亦證明：鬼腳圖的結果沒有限定：同一組初始條件可以轉換成任何一組結果。而同一組結果也有許多種不同的畫法，顯示鬼腳圖的畫法不具唯一性。即使如此，畫出來的鬼腳圖可能過於複雜，於是吾人又發展出簡化鬼腳圖的方法，可畫出較簡潔的鬼腳圖。吾人並根據這種化簡方式編出一套程式，只要將欲得的結果輸入，電腦就可以畫出最簡潔的鬼腳圖。

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1)是一個細胞核內的酵素，它可以被因DNA damage\r 而形成的DNA片段活化，並將NAD(+)上的ADP-ribose轉載到結合蛋白質。這些結合蛋白質對\r 於DNA的合成、DNA的修補、以及細胞週期的調控都有關係。因此，PARP-1被認為是維持基\r 因完整性的重要角色。根據初步的研究，抑制PARP-1的活性對許多疾病的治療都可能有效，\r 其中包括癌症、心臟病、中風、糖尿病、發炎以及反轉錄病毒的感染。然而，以藥物抑制一\r 個對DNA修補這麼重要的酵素會有什麼潛在的問題呢？為了要得到解答，我們需要進一步了\r 解PARP-1在DNA damage反應的機能。在這一份報告中，我製造了一個失去活性的PARP-1突變\r 種，即E988K。經過對E988K詳細的研究，我將比較及分析PARP-1野生型與E988K之間不一樣\r 的互動蛋白質，希望能對PARP-1所控制的DNA修補有更進一步的了解。\r \r \r Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) is a nuclear enzyme activated by DNA strand breaks\r during DNA damage response and catalyzes the transfer of ADP-ribose units from the substrate NAD(+)\r to acceptor proteins. These acceptor proteins involve in modulation of chromatin structure, DNA\r synthesis, DNA repair, transcription, and cell cycle control. Thus, PARP-1 is believed to play an\r important role in maintaining genome integrity through modulation of protein-protein and protein-DNA\r interactions. PARP-1 has been the target for design of inhibitors for over twenty-five years. Inhibitors of\r the activity of PARP-1 have been claimed to have applications in the treatment of many disease states,\r including cancer, cardiac infarct, stroke, diabetes, inflammation and retroviral infection. However, are\r there potential problems associated with inhibition of this DNA-repair enzyme? To answer this question,\r we need to further understand the biological function of PARP-1 during DNA damage response. In this\r report, an enzyme dead mutant (E988K) of PARP-1 was generated. Detailed studies of E988K show that\r E988K could be used in the following studies. Compare and identify the different associated proteins of\r PARP-1 wild-type and E988K will shed light into the molecular mechanism of PARP-1-mediated DNA\r repair.

從小，我就對磁鐵這種礦物感到新奇，而近幾年又出現一種利用電磁鐵的磁極變化來產生動力的交通工具----磁浮列車。所以我就上網蒐尋相關資料，結果卻意外的發現一整套的磁浮列車模組，因此我就針對它的各種模式加以變化，並將地形的變化融入研究中，做為這次的研究方向。在這次的實驗中，我探討了(1)磁軌排列方式及間距(2) 車底磁鐵的排列方式、方向及間距(3)側面磁軌NS極、堆疊數目及間隔，並在最後將以上的最好變因融入高低起伏的地形中，做出一款只需些微動力就能向上、下滑行且效果最好的磁浮列車。

無尾翼飛行器(Tailless Aircraft)在軍事上的價值極大，且對於目前正在起步的微飛行載具(Micro Air Vehicle)而言，亦是值得嘗試與投資的。然而，由於無尾翼飛行器缺乏用以平衡的水平尾翼，造成其靜態的不穩定，即使設法提高靜態穩定特性，但其氣動力阻尼低、穩定性仍舊不佳。操縱上更是困難，在飛行穩定性與控制系統設計上極其挑戰性。本研究目的在探討無尾翼飛行器之穩定性與控制技術，改善其先天之不穩定特性，考慮之項目有縱向靜態穩定性、動態穩定性、控制面與組件配置等因素等進行詳細之探討。首先，找出了適用於無尾翼飛行器之Reflex翼形，接著建立無尾翼飛行器之非線性縱向動態模式，然後針對一翼展8Ocm之小型飛行器進行外型設計，並觀察分析其實際飛行狀態，再以理論與經驗公式估算無尾翼飛行器之氣動力導數，探討其飛行穩定與操控性能。此外，並運用古典控制PID控制法則，設計控制器進行非線性受控系統之動態響應模擬。由模擬結果可看出，經由翼剖面改變與控制系統的輔助下，大幅提高了其性能，使得無尾翼飛行器克服了先天的不穩定特性，更提高了其發展空間 The tailless aircraft has a great value on the military use. Meanwhile, it is worthwhile to try and to invest in it for the investigation of MAV(Micro Air Vehicle), which is being developed now. However, because of lacking horizontal tail which is used for balance, the tailless aircraft is static unstable. Even with the attempt to enhance its characteristics of static stability, the stability of the tailless aircraft is still poor for the sake of it's low damping in aerodynamics. Therefore, it is a challenge to flight stability and control system designing. The purposes of this research are to study the stability and the control technique of the tailless aircraft. To improve its congenital lacking of stability, thought over the longitudinal static stability, dynamic stability and control system. First, find the "Reflex" airfoil is suitable for the tailless aircraft. Second, set up a non-linear and longitudinal dynamic model of the tailless aircraft. Third, design an 80cm span small airplane. Hence, observe and analyze its flying condition. Finally, utilize the theoretical and experiential equations to estimate the aerodynamic derivatives and investigate its stability and controllability. Besides, use the PID controller to proceeded the time-response simulation of the non-linear system. The result of simulation shows that the performance is improved through the change of the airfoil and with the auxiliary of the control system. With this improvement, the tailless aircraft overcome the congenital lacking of stability to broaden its utilization potential.

本研究探討肥皂膜與肥皂水的共振現象。在肥皂膜共振方面，我們以實驗探討皂膜的共 振模式與頻率的關係；並配合共振理論模型求出薄膜厚度，再與體積密度-厚度測量方法比 較。而又發現皂膜在共振時，皂膜保存時間較平常久，故進行皂膜生命期與頻率、強度的關 係。在進行肥皂膜實驗時，肥皂水滴落在喇叭上，振動出奇特的形狀，進而探討皂水共振的 特性並嘗試建立其數學模式。 ;The research is about the resonance of soap film and soapsuds. For the resonante of soap film, we tried to find out the relation between the resonant pattern and frequency by experiment; according to the resonante model, we measured the thickness of soap film, which was compaired with volume-dencity method. We found that the life-time of the resonant soap film is longer than the normal one, so we proceeded to study the relation between the life-time, frequency, and power. We observed special resonant pattern while the soapsuds fell down on the speaker. So we studied the characteristics of resonant soapsuds, trying to make the mathematical pattern of resonant soapsuds.

溶液和水置於同一容器中，當溶液中的溶質向上擴散時，溶液的濃度會隨著\r 高度改變，形成濃度梯度以及折射率梯度dy/dn。\r 寬度a 的透明方形盒，下方盛溶液，上方加入水，雷射光照射和鉛直成45°\r 的玻璃棒，再照射方形盒時，由於溶液的折射率梯度，雷射光在屏上形成鐘形曲\r 線，向下偏Z 的距離，r 為容器至?的距離，ar/Z=dy/dn 。\r 兩液原始交界處(y=0)鐘形曲線最低位置(Z)隨著時間(t)改變，測量Z 及t 作1/Z平方-t圖，由其斜率可算出擴散係數D。\r 濃度較高的二元混合液，例如甘油水溶液，當其重量百分率濃度未超過70％\r 時，擴散係數仍不隨濃度改變；但在屏上所形成的鐘形曲線，其最大偏折點不但\r 逐漸上升，還向甘油方偏移。測量偏移點所對應的液高(y)，以及經歷時間(t)；\r y平方= 2Dt，作y-√?? 圖，由其斜率亦可算出甘油的擴散係數。