本實驗主要是透過及程式模擬分析，探討變形之阿特午機 在一般狀況下及過渡期 的運動過 程。透實驗，我們找出不同的初始條件對於運動結果影響 ，如質量比、繩長 等。我們透過實驗和數值分析建構變形之阿特午機的模型 。因為 摩擦力和空氣阻對於運動 的影響皆不可忽略，因此 我們 也設計阿特午機和鉛直圓周運動的 實驗以求出兩個影響因素參數， 並將其結果統整於理論分析中。這份研究有助我們了解力學的過程目前我們 也正在進行更詳細的數值分析， 我們也希望能在之 後將變形之阿特午機的理論與實驗結 果合，預測不同變因的實驗結果。

螺溪石產於濁水溪流域，是台灣唯一適合製硯的國寶石。本文試著爬梳文獻典籍，透過製硯大師的專訪，到龍神橋、雙龍橋下進行田野調查，並對螺溪石與溪中的頁岩、砂岩、石英岩、礫岩等性質，予以比較研究，總結出辨識螺溪石的七種方法。此外，本研究也發現，螺溪石的岩性近似頁岩，含有少量的綠簾石，屬於輕度的變質岩。經由SEM的觀測與EDS的分析，發現螺溪石的礦物組成與排列成片狀，片狀結構中凸起的部分，主要成分為石英；片狀尾端的結晶形態則為磷灰石，片狀結構與結晶體的尖尖凸起部分，就是螺溪石所具有的針鋩。由於針鋩的分布均勻、縝密，所以容易下墨與發墨。磨出的墨液易被宣紙吸附，色澤黝黑、油亮。實驗顯示，螺溪石的墨液在室溫約-6.8℃左右才會結冰，符應文獻中對優質硯石「歷寒不冰」的讚美。唯有善用台灣國寶石，才能振興台灣的硯石文化。

本研究以熱激活化延遲螢光（Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence, TADF)材料之第三代有機發光二極體（OLED）為主軸，利用吖啶（acridine）作為電子予體、間位及臨位之雙CN苯環（phenylene, Ph）為電子受體，透過有機合成製備DMAC-m2CNPh及DMAC-o2CNPh分子。此外，我們檢測發現DMAC-o2CNPh具有極高的外部量子效率，並將此分子結合透明電極，經由熱蒸鍍製作出透明有機發光元件，探討元件的放光效率及應用性。本研究製作出吸光波長在可見光範圍外的分子，因此蒸鍍在透明基板上後可製作出透明的有機發光元件。將研究成果能應用在生活中，如展示櫥窗顯示新聞、汽車玻璃作為顯示器等，以期能夠提升生活的便利性及運用性。

3C產品及LED燈多以藍光照明，長期照射易導致視網膜黃斑部病變。其作用機轉是藍光引起視網膜細胞過氧化物質 (ROS)增加，造成細胞的氧化壓力進而引發細胞凋亡。幾丁寡醣 (Chitosan oligosaccharides, COS) 藉由減少自由基產生和抑制轉錄因子NF-κB傳導路徑而有抗氧化及抗凋亡的作用。 本研究以ARPE-19細胞株，在添加不同濃度的COS下，經照射LED藍光處理後，分析色素上皮細胞活性、ROS表現量及細胞凋亡情形，並透過PCR、西方墨點法、JC-1及免疫螢光染色分析作用機轉。實驗證實COS能抑制過氧化物質 (ROS)的產生，減少視網膜色素上皮細胞因藍光所造成的細胞凋亡。PCR和西方墨點法的結果顯示COS可以抑制發炎介質HO-1、iNOS、Caspase-3、Bcl-2、ERK，及基因iNOS、MCP-1的產生。免疫螢光染色顯示COS能抑制NF-kB核易位。總結來說，COS能藉由抑制NF-kB的活性，減少其下游基因的表現量，降低細胞氧化壓力和發炎反應來避免視網膜色素上皮細胞損傷。COS在臨床上有潛力成為一種預防LED藍光造成視網膜傷害的有效保健食品。

目前研究的嗜油菌主要是分解石油(碳氫化合物)，不過從生活中所排出的油(三酸甘油酯)，也是一大污染源。本研究目的為篩選可分解三酸甘油酯之微生物，並探討其特性及降解油污的能力。從有油污的環境分離出三種對於日常生活中的油污具降解效果的菌株，利用16S ribosomal RNA gene進行菌種分析鑑定為Ralstonia sp.TFD41、Pseudomonas putida strain II-B、Sphingomonas sp.NC110。Ralstonia sp.TFD41較佳的生長環境為30℃、pH8，偏鹼，革蘭氏陰性菌；Pseudomonas putida strain II-B較佳的生長環境為30℃、pH6-10，偏鹼，革蘭氏陰性菌；Sphingomonas sp. NC110最佳生長環境為30℃、pH4-8，偏酸，革蘭氏陰性菌。而菌種在炸時越長的油中生長情形越差。而在家庭污水中的生長菌數最多的為Sphingomonas sp.NC110M。放入1000ppm油的培養基中，以Sphingomonas sp.NC110的降解油污的能力為最佳、Ralstonia sp.TFD41的降解速度最快。在家庭汙水中Ralstonia sp.TFD41 + Pseudomonas putida strain II-B的生長狀況最穩定。未來預期能培養嗜油菌，將其放回環境中，降解環境中的油汙，以減少油汙對於環境的汙染，還給生物乾淨的生活環境。

Lipocalin 2 (LCN2), a 25-kDa secreted protein that belongs to the lipocalin family, is known to bind to a class of bacterial Fe-binding molecules known as siderophores. Iron is essential for bacterial growth. To obtain iron from host cells, bacteria produce siderophores, such as Enterochelin (Ent), to bind and transport host iron into the bacterial cell. In response, the host produces LCN2 to bind the iron-laden enterochelin, forming the tricomplex, LCN2: Ent: Fe3+. This inhibits bacterial growth as iron has been sequestered by LCN2. Devireddy et.al. 2005, proposed the binding of the tricomplex, LCN2: Ent: Fe3+ with the LCN2 receptor (LCN2R). This resulted in the internalisation of the complex, releasing the bound iron into the cell. The increase of intracellular iron was reported to cause cell mortality. Recent publications postulated 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,5-DHBA) to be an endogenous mammalian siderophore homologue in mouse in vivo and in vitro studies, which could sequester LCN2 and iron. High iron concentrations in the brain have been consistently observed in Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Accumulation of intracellular iron is known to be toxic to neurons, resulting in neurodegeneration. Hence, this study aims to determine the role of 2,5-DHBA as the mammalian siderophore in a cell culture model of neurodegeneration. We hypothesise that addition of 2,5-DHBA to cells exposed to LCN2 will result in increased iron uptake into neuronal cells, reducing cell viability. SH-SY5Y (human neuroblastoma) cell line was used in our study. To determine if SH-SY5Y is a suitable cell line, endogenous levels of LCN2 and LCN2R mRNA and protein expression were determined using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western Blot analysis respectively. Preliminary results showed presence of both the LCN2R mRNA and protein but absence of LCN2 mRNA. This could be due to the low expression of LCN2 when not exposed to stress. Hence, to simulate conditions of neurodegeneration (by inducing high expression of LCN2), SH-SY5Y was treated with Kainic Acid (KA). After KA, LCN2 mRNA and protein expression levels will be detected again. With the successful upregulation of LCN2 gene expression, SH-SY5Y will be treated with 2,5-DHBA with KA treatment to determine cell viability using the MTS cell proliferation assay. A decreased cell viability or increased expression of pro-apoptotic genes would support the function of 2,5-DHBA as a mammalian siderophore in the brain. Furthermore, KA treatment can also be applied to microglial or astrocyte cell lines, which are known to secrete high levels of LCN2 when treated with KA. Co-culturing these cells with SH-SY5Y can allow us to study the downstream effects of secreted LCN2 from glial cells binding to the LCN2R receptors on SH-SY5Y neuronal cells. This study will help to further understanding of the relationship between 2,5-DHBA and cellular iron transport. If 2,5-DHBA is able to bind LCN2 and iron to increase intracellular iron levels in the neuronal cells, the formation of the tricomplex, LCN2: 2,5-DHBA: Fe3+, could be targeted for therapeutic interventions in neurodegenerative diseases by reducing intracellular iron levels to help ameliorate the progression of neurodegenerative diseases.

給定一個簡單圖G（simple graph ），令V(G)、E(G)分別為G的頂點與邊所形成的集合。對於兩個不同的頂點u, v∈V(G)，若存在一條邊連結頂點u, v，則將此邊記為uv，以uv∈E(G)表示。給定函數f: V(G)→ℕ，若對任意的邊uv∈E(G)，函數f皆滿足f(u)≠f(v)，則稱函數f為圖G的一個著色函數（proper coloring）。對於圖G，任意給定每個頂點v∈V(G)一個可用的顏色清單L(v)⊂ℕ，其中清單內各有四個可用顏色（|L(v)|=4 ，每個頂點的顏色清單可以不相同），若總是存在一個著色函數f，滿足∀v∈V(G)，f(v)∈L(v)，則稱圖G為『可四元列表著色（4-choosable ）』。對於平面圖（ plane graph），針對長度較小的圈（cycle）進行限制，我們設計充分條件，使得滿足條件的平面圖為可四元列表著色。

Protein C deficiency (PCD) is found in 1 out of 200 to 500 persons in the general global population which is also one of the common conditions of Inherited thrombophilia, it’s characterized by an increased tendency of blood to clot in human blood vessels. It is caused by several factors including mutations in the genes involved in thrombin binding, protein c activation and numerous clotting factors. This includes F5 (Factor 5 Leiden) gene on chromosome 1q24.2, F7 (Prothrombin) gene on chromosome 13q34, SERPINC1 (serpin peptidase inhibitor C) on chromosome 1q25.2, SERPIND1 (serpin peptidase inhibitor D) on chromosome 22q11.21, HRG (Histidine Rich Glycoprotein) on chromosome 3q27.3, PLAT (Plasminogen Activator) on chromosome 8q11.21 and THBD (Thrombomodulin) gene on chromosome 20p11.21. In the current study, a three Saudi families with inherited thrombophilia has been recruited to identify the underlying cause of this special condition. Whole exome sequencing, targeting all coding exons of the human genome, was performed using Illumina Nextera library preparation kits followed by paired-end sequencing on Illumina NextSeq500 instrument. Reads quality control was performed and reads were aligned to the reference genome using BWA software. Variants calling and annotation was performed using GATK. All known genes involved in causing inherited thrombophilia All known genes involved in causing PCD were excluded by whole exome sequencing. The genes that were previously reported to be involved in inherited thrombophilia were checked for any causative variant. No mutation has been identified in known genes. identifying a novel gene underlying PCD. The Result of this study will hopefully pave the way to better understanding the disease pathophysiology and help in developing DNA based diagnosis, carrier screening and somatic gene therapy.

The redox reactions of bacteria metabolism have been extrinsically studied. These mechanisms allow certain types of bacteria to be able to synthesize extremely valuable extracellular byproducts. Other types of bacteria are able to extract toxic metals from water by donating electrons directly to those aqueous metal ions, thus turning them into solid precipitates. However, the problem of these microorganisms is that their efficiency rates and production speeds are exceptionally low. This study focuses on the properties of electrotrophs, which are bacteria that can feed on pure electrons directly from an electrode (Rabaey et al 2010). Compared to normal organic-feeding bacteria, electrotrophs direct the majority of the electrons obtained to the production of metabolic byproducts (Nevin et al 2010). Therefore, when electrotrophs are employed in bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) their metabolic redox reaction efficiency rates are dramatically increased. This makes it possible to produce large quantities of valuable compounds such as hydrocarbons, plastics and medicine or efficiently remediating the environment (He et al 2016). Moreover, the usage of electricity as an energy source compared to conventional organic substrates is immensely cheaper (Rabaey et al 2010). However, not all bacteria are electrotrophs nor do all electrotrophs have favourable metabolic traits. Thus, there is a need for a novel procedure to turn conventional bacteria into electrotrophs which is a crucial step to making the BES an aggressive competitor in the sustainable energy industry.

In this project, we defined a mid-tangent point with respect to a fixed point X and a tangent at a point Y on a planar curve C as a point on the tangent that is equidistant from X and Y. We studied the locus of mid-tangent points of conic sections. We found that the locus of mid-tangent points of most conic sections are non-linear curves. However, we observed and proved by using Euclidean geometry that the locus of mid-tangent points of circles are straight lines. The mapping defined by mid-tangent points was studied further. The similarity between a mid-tangent mapping and a stereographic projection was displayed as a one – to – one correspondence function. We also extended the concept of mid-tangent points to three dimensional space and found that the similarity with the stereographic projection was retained in higher dimensions. Finally, we studied the locus of mid-tangent points of a sphere to create a mapping of the sphere to a plane.