本研究提出以「球型感應馬達(Spherical Induction Motor) 」直接作為電動車球型輪胎的想法。四顆球型輪胎以三軸自由度旋轉的方式，將提供電動車更高的靈活性。 本研究聚焦在「球形感應馬達」原型機的開發。透過四個方法：等效電路理論、有限元素分析、實作與實驗，研究了球型感應馬達的四個面向：電機設計、電機實作、電機驅動與電機控制。以電機設計、電機實作證明了構想的可行性，並在建立了球型感應馬達完整的電機機械理論後，進行了電機驅動與電機控制。 最後，本研究實作出一架可運轉的球形感應馬達，並在建立完整的馬達數學模型後，以V/F控制法完成轉速與轉向的開迴路控制。本研究希望這部球型感應馬達，未來將能應用在以球型輪胎為動力裝置的電動載具上。

本研究參考智慧型3C產品之節能協定，將其應用於電源開關裝置上，此開關裝置將具備工作模式、待機模式及睡眠模式，利用此三種模式並結合即時輪詢的技術，發展出適合智慧型節能開關裝置的節能協定，達到全自動且節能的目標。此智慧型節能開關裝置主要包括固態開關電路、電流感測電路、RC濾波器電路以及控制電路，本研究針對上述幾種主要電路進行電路的研究及實作，並建立模擬的電路模型，根據此模型設計出完整的智慧型節能開關裝置，進行其節能效率及未來大量應用的可行性分析。經過實作證明，此種具備節能協定的智慧型節能開關的確能有效地省下家電待機耗電，與市面上不具備節能協定的開關相比，有更高的使用便利性。

異族效應可能是造成種族歧視的原因。本研究透過按鍵反應及腦波儀的形式，對本國人及高加索人兩族群進行受試。實驗中，我們給予受試者兩種族群、正反兩種方向和七種情緒的刺激材料，請受試者辨識情緒，受試完畢後再利用ANOVA、EEG lab等分析行為實驗數據及腦波圖。分析結果發現：按鍵反應方面，高加索人較會辨認情緒，也表現出較強的同理心；本國人對兩種族皆產生面部倒置效應、高加索人則僅對於本國人產生；高加索人判斷正臉情緒時會有異族效應，本國人判斷時則正反皆無。腦波儀方面，每一種情緒的異族效應是相似的，就腦內影響的區域而言，本國人面部倒反效應多由枕葉影響，高加索人則多由額葉影響，本國人異族效應由右腦影響，且僅出現在刺激後150～200毫秒，高加索人則未呈現異族效應。另外，異族效應與面部倒反效應間具有交互作用，於是在臉部辨識上的正反差異就會呈現不同結果。將上述結果進一層地推論，可得知異族效應是後天學習行為，而面部倒反效應則是受本能與後天學習共同影響而產生。 期望本研究結果未來能運用在社會議題或心理學研究上，減少異族效應可能產生的負面影響。

The apricot kernel is believed to have a great medicinal value in many cultures. However, literature and research indicates that this belief still remains extremely controversial and conclusions regarding the medicinal value are ambiguous due to the presence of cyanide in the kernel. The focus of this research was to evaluate two objectives through the use of several integrated technologies and modified methods: (a) To successfully remove the cyanide from the apricot kernel using an adapted method; (b) To determine the effects of the cyanide free apricot kernel extracts on Helicobacter pylori and Streptococcus pyogenes bacteria. Procedures The apricot kernels were removed from the pits and then ground using a food processor. The kernels were then tested for cyanide using a cyanide test kit and Cyantesmo test tape. These tests indicated that cyanide was present. A novel approach was devised to remove the cyanide and when retested, the kernels tested negative for cyanide. This result was confirmed with Infrared Spectroscopy. The cyanide free kernels were then extracted using a Soxhlet Extractor with methanol for 24 hours. In addition to the methanol extraction, three other techniques were used to obtain kernel extracts: (a) Celite filtration, (b) Infusion Method A, (c) Infusion Method B. The Kirby Bauer method was modified for the microbiology aspect of this project. The Helicobacter pylori and Streptococcus pyogenes bacteria were plated using a 0.5 McFarland Standard. Paper filter discs containing 20µL of each extract were placed onto the inoculated plates in replicates of nine. After 48 hours of incubation, the zones of inhibition were read for each plate. Data The results were extremely encouraging and therefore to ensure the accuracy and preciseness of the data collected, four statistical analyses were completed. These include Confidence Intervals (CI), Standard Deviation (STDEV), T-Tests, and Chi Tests. The methanol extract was significantly different from the control in all trials. The Chi test also yielded a Chi Square value of 223, which was significantly greater than the critical value of 15.507, indicating that the results observed were not due to coincidence. Conclusion Literature evidence has indicated that the apricot kernel has been and is still used for medicinal purposes. Studies have shown that the presence of cyanide and the risks associated with this compound outweigh any benefits gained from the kernel. It has also been suggested that previous bacterial testing resulting in positive inhibition may have been due to the presence of cyanide. However, in this study, I was able to remove the cyanide through an innovative method to prove that the biological activity observed was highly unlikely to be due to cyanide. This indicates that there are other compound(s) in the apricot kernel that have specific antibacterial properties. The potential to improve the quality of life through the application of the apricot kernel appears to be supported, and further studies justified at this time.

隨著全球氣候變遷，能在極端環境下生存的作物，是未來農業的救命藥。原住民種植的小米，具有在嚴苛環境下生長的特性。比較小米和水稻在鹽逆境的生長狀況，發現小米的根長、葉長及側根生長狀況都比水稻來的好，且小米具有花青素累積的現象。氣孔方面，小米在0.15%鹽濃度就能關閉氣孔，水稻則需到0.3%鹽濃度才會關閉。透過生化分析，發現小米在鹽逆境下抗氧化酵素與澱粉酶的活性皆比水稻高，此外小米亦能在鹽逆境下累積較多的脯胺酸與維他命C，藉此提升小米的耐鹽能力。我們另比較小米與水稻對於淹水逆境的耐受性，結果顯示水稻在淹水逆境下地上部與地下部的生長狀況皆比小米佳，而淹水三天的小米仍無法在植株內累積脯胺酸來對抗淹水逆境，但外加脯胺酸卻能有效提升小米耐淹能力，另外水稻能透過形成通氣組織來增加淹水逆下根部的氣體交換，並能透過外加鈣離子來增加通氣組織的面積，但在小米則無此機制。透過實驗能讓我們了解作物抵抗逆境機制的優劣，期待未來能將結果運用於氣候變遷下的作物育種，造福全人類。

本研究選擇以天然易分解的吸附劑－幾丁聚醣和聚麩胺酸（γ-PGA)，建立有效去除水中重金屬離子的方法。首先探討幾丁聚醣膜在各種條件下對鉻離子、銅離子的吸附。對鉻離子的吸附模式較符合等溫吸附式Freundlich，於30℃、pH=3時具有吸附優勢。而後將幾丁聚醣黏附於多孔性泡綿，利用抽濾法提高吸附效率，使鉻、銅離子殘留率分別降至2.08％、11.23％。幾丁聚醣與γ-PGA結合製成的複合材料泡綿，大幅提升對銅離子的吸附效果，其吸附模式較符合等溫吸附式Freundlich，於30℃下、pH=7，γ-PGA與幾丁聚醣之比例為6:5時，對銅離子吸附最佳。利用分光光度儀的設計原理，以光敏電阻建立可即時檢測有色重金屬離子的分析元件。將此檢測裝置結合吸附劑，研發一套可即時檢測、環保簡易的重金屬離子吸附暨檢測之循環系統。對於2.0ppm、10.0ppm之鉻、銅離子循環2、3小時後，殘留率分別降至0.046％、0.074％，充分顯示此系統可有效去除水中重金屬離子。

NO donors are an emerging class of pharmaceutical compounds, with many important functions in the cardiovascular, nervous and immune systems. With great therapeutic potential, the development of new NO donor compounds would be of great medicinal value, potentially opening a whole class of drugs to be used to treat various ailments. This project studies a specific class of compounds, substituted cyclic oxime ethers, which have proven to be useful intermediates in fields such as medicine and biochemistry. The cyclic structure along with a determinable substitutable group at the C3 position is highly valuable, as it allows the oxime ether to act as a convenient precursor for a variety of useful products, playing key components in many drugs. And with a substituted nitrate group, which is an O-nucleophile, the oxime ether has the potential to become an NO-donor, and hence become a possible intermediate in a wide array of NO donor drugs. Co(NO)3 was used in the synthesis of the cyclic oxime ether, directly from a phenyl substituted bis(oxy)enamine intermediate, producing an entirely new compound: α-hydroxyoxime nitrates, the oxime ether being substituted with a nitrate group. This new reaction of the synthesis of α-hydroxyoxime nitrates was further studied for optimization purposes, in order to open a new class of NO donor precursors. In addition, other nucleophiles were also explored in this class of reactions, forming important bonds such as C-N and C-S bonds, with key structures for other types of synthesis intermediates and precursors. Different metal nitrates, or various other nucleophiles in place of the nitrates, were used in reaction with bis(oxy)enamine, and the yield and structure of the final products were determined by NMR spectra. Successful optimization of the synthesis of α-hydroxyoxime nitrates has been achieved, where the conditions for optimum synthesis involve using Cr(NO3)3•9H2O which achieved a high yield of 76%, dissolved in THF with the bis(oxy)enamine starting compound. It has been determined that the metal in the salt affects the reaction pathway, as the nature of the metal cation affects its efficiency to cleave the N-O bond in the starting compound (with d-block elements being the best performing), and H+ ions can promote the reaction as well. Also, the reaction proceeds with different types of bis(oxy)enamines, meaning the substrate scope can be expanded to give a variety of products. The reaction can also proceed to form other products with different nucleophiles other than the nitrate group, where the C-N and C-S bonds were successfully formed in the reactions from bis(oxy)enamine to oxime ether. Thus, this class of reaction in converting the bis(oxy)enamine to a cyclic oxime ether has potentially opened a new class of NO donor compounds, and further possesses the potential to form a wide variety of products to be used in other important synthesis procedures.

This research is aimed to make an in-depth exploration into Raoul’s Law and Henry’s Law by using an accurate but simple vapor pressure gauge. The gauge is constructed from non-complicated electronics components- electronics IC PCB, film resistor, digital multi-meter, and battery. In the first step, we measured the vapor pressure of six kinds of liquids and 3 liquid mixtures- water, ethanol, chloroform, acetone, benzene, toluene, mixture of water and ethanol, mixture of chloroform and acetone, mixture benzene and toluene. From the results of this experiments, the vapor pressures of water and ethanol liquid mixture, and chloroform and acetone liquid mixture were slightly lower than their theoretic values-called negative deviation solution, while the vapor pressure of the benzene and toluene liquid mixture was quite close to its theoretic value-near an ideal solution. In the second step, the individual vapor pressures of water, ethanol, and chloroform were measured at various temperatures; the vapor heat(ΔH) were calculated by using the lausius-Clapeyron equation. In the final step, we used the gauge and other non-commercial instruments to measure the B.O.D. values of water from the Kaohsiung Love River, found the P-T correlation using Gay-Lussac’s Law, and calculated the absolute zero temperature value by extrapolation. 本研究是利用一些簡易的電子元件－電路IC板、電阻膜、數位三用電表和電瓶來組裝一 個準確、簡易的氣壓量測器。我們將此量測器用來深入探討「拉午耳定律」及「亨利定律」 。 首先，我們測量了水、乙醇、氯仿、丙酮、苯、甲苯等六種純液體的蒸氣壓，並測量了(水＋乙醇)、(氯仿＋丙酮)、(苯＋甲苯)等兩成份系溶液的混合蒸氣壓。結果發現(水＋乙醇) 、(氯仿＋丙酮)的混合蒸氣壓都比理論值低了一些，此稱為負偏差溶液；(苯＋甲苯)的混合蒸氣壓與理論值差不多，較接近理想溶液。 接下來，我們還測量了不同溫度下水、酒精及丙酮的蒸氣壓，並利用clausius－clapeyron equation求出液體純質的汽化熱( H Δ )。 最後，我們還搭配了自製的儀器裝置，來測定愛河水質的B.O.D.值(生化需氧量)以及探討氣體的給呂薩克定律(P~T關係)，並利用外差法來推求絕對零度。