一等獎

This paper describes the investigation of a fascinating physical phenomenon called the “floating water bridge”. Despite the fact that water is undoubtedly the most important chemical substance on earth, it is practically ubiquitous and it still represents one of the best explored substances, still not all characteristics are well-understood. There are some phenomena like the “floating water bridge”, which cannot be explained. If high voltage is applied to two beakers, which are arranged close to each other and which are filled with deionized water, a connection forms spontaneously, giving the impression of a floating water bridge. For the experiment discussed in this paper, two beakers with a diameter of 50 mm and a height of 80 mm are filled with triply deionized water. Platinum electrodes are submerged in the center of the beakers, one set to ground potential (anode), the other one on high voltage, up to 25 kV dc. Within the scope of this work, an experimental setup was developed, which enables measuring and demonstrating the most important parameters like voltage, current, length and temperature of the water bridge as well as the mass transfer between the beakers. In addition the correlation between the different parameters and the influence on the water bridge could be estimated. Once the beakers are separated, the bridge remains stable for several hours up to a length of 2.5 cm. With platinum electrodes and no electrolysis observed, a small current (≈300µA), a mass flow from anode to cathode and forces were measured. Pictures, taken with an infrared camera and a new developed method to record "infrared-videos", enabled to visualize the heat flow in the water bridge. Furthermore the conversion of energy and the dependence of charge and mass transfer could be estimated roughly. In the course of the investigations it was also tried to prove the water bridge with other liquids like castor oil, olive oil, a mixture of glycol and water as well as tap water - for some of them for the first time. Supplementary the experimental setup was varied by using different electrodes with different sizes and different material as well as beakers of different sizes and materials. In addition, a qualitative explanation was developed. The results of this work enable a better understanding of the floating water bridge and provide a basis for further research as well as for development of future practical applications. One of these applications could be an improved waste water treatment process.

本研究參考智慧型3C產品之節能協定，將其應用於電源開關裝置上，此開關裝置將具備工作模式、待機模式及睡眠模式，利用此三種模式並結合即時輪詢的技術，發展出適合智慧型節能開關裝置的節能協定，達到全自動且節能的目標。此智慧型節能開關裝置主要包括固態開關電路、電流感測電路、RC濾波器電路以及控制電路，本研究針對上述幾種主要電路進行電路的研究及實作，並建立模擬的電路模型，根據此模型設計出完整的智慧型節能開關裝置，進行其節能效率及未來大量應用的可行性分析。經過實作證明，此種具備節能協定的智慧型節能開關的確能有效地省下家電待機耗電，與市面上不具備節能協定的開關相比，有更高的使用便利性。

Nikhil’s technology studies main client told him how she had no idea about how to\r stop her children looking at all sorts of website and asked him for a solution to a\r problem he initially thought was impossible to crack. Nikhil has definitely ‘cracked’\r this one: with a dedicated website his clients can log into and monitor what is going on in any computer the little box of electronic tricks is plugged into from anywhere in the\r world. This unit controls the electronics and stores the history of the web pages that the user has visited. Not only that, the client can cut the internet (and re-connect it) to the remote computer at will. At the heart of Nikhil’s box of tricks is a web-server module (The Wiznet) and a powerful microcontroller, the AtMega32. Nikhil has designed the\r board, connected the electronics and written the code to allow it to communicate with\r the computer and remote client.

由於結網性蜘蛛視覺不靈敏，如何在網上藉振動進行獵捕，這是長久以來頗令科學家困惑的難題，當周遭環境各種振源觸網時，首先會產生不同振盪，蜘蛛是否藉由這些振盪得知獵物資訊？如何迅速準確的定位？又有那些決策條件影響蜘蛛的捕獵行為？更特別的，為何蜘蛛在捕獵過程中會“扯網”？本研究以台灣最大型結網性蜘蛛－人面蜘蛛為研究對象，並設計出一套非接觸式的測量方法，就上述謎題作深入的探討後，成功的解開人面蜘蛛的捕獵機制。簡單來說，其機制分為兩大系統：(1)當獵物擾動不明顯，人面蜘蛛會立即扯網，藉有無產生阻尼振盪，以判斷有無獵物存在；在阻尼振盪產生時，蜘蛛將感知其中具有最大阻尼振盪之放射絲為獵物所在方向，而振盪週期長短，係蜘蛛用以判斷獵物遠近之有效因素。(2)當振源明顯時，蜘蛛直接判斷各種擾動的振幅大小、頻率高低、波形模式、振源質量輕重，決定是否啟動捕獵或逃離反應，並在反應前先行定位，亦即以步足腳勾偵測並比較各放射絲之振盪大小，以振盪最大之放射絲為獵物方向，其次藉由第二對步足之位移所產生之準光角，判斷獵物之遠近。蜘蛛正確的將獵物定位後，會以適當的速度往前衝，一口咬住獵物，以蛛絲重重包裹後，拖往網中央並進行吸食。 Giant wood spider, Nephila pilipes, is the biggest orb web spider in Taiwan. The mature N. pilipes may even grow to exceed 5 cm body length. While waiting for the prey, its giant body hangs quietly on the hub of the web. Owing to its ineffective vision and sense of smell, the spider depends almost on detecting the vibration signal of the struggling of web cause by the struggling prey. When various kinds of sources from the environment contact the web, they will generate various types of vibrations which cause the spider to judge whether they represent danger, prey, or irrelevant signals. Our results suggest that if the disturbance is obvious, through discriminating the amplitude and frequency of the vibration, the spider will make a decision whether to attack or escape immediately. Yet, before any decision is made, it will need to locate the source of vibration. For example, it will locate prey correctly by comparing the vibration transmitted from the radiating strings. The radiating strings that transmitted the largest vibration are where the prey is entangled. The displacement of the second pair of legs will generate a quasi visual angle which enables it to comprehend the distance of prey. When the vibration signal is obscure, it will jerk the radiating string immediately. After jerking it, if there is damping oscillation on the web, then the spider can judge the location of the prey. When there is damping oscillation, the radiating string that transmitted the greatest damping oscillation is where the prey is entangled. Furthermore, the frequency of damping oscillation helps the spider to judge the distance of the prey. After locating the prey correctly, N. pilipes approaches the prey fast, wraps it with silk then drags the prey to the hub to feed.\r

Steel slag, is received from iron and steel production facilities in Turkey, and is up to 25-30% from steel production. These couldn’t have been reclamation for any field of use and free stored in nature. When the structure of this slag examined, it was contained metallic formation (Fe2O3, Al2O3, MnO2, MgO2 etc.) and oxide compositions (SiO2, CaO2 etc.). The aim of this project is investigate metallic content of steel slag used as fertilizer in plants. For this purpose, slag is used to determine the physical and chemical characterization. Then, it is separated from metallic content by using shaking table and multi gravity separative (MGS) method. After these procedures, there are determinate 6 groups with different densities and different grit size. Element analysis was made of these groups by atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) and ICP-OES system. In addition, mineral analysis was determined by XRD device. Thus, within each group minerals have been identified. Slag-soil mixture was prepared for determination the highest yield of using six different slag groups as fertilizer in the plant. Thus, corn crops were grown in different combinations. Then harvested corn plants and done soil analysis of the plants. As a result of experiments, percentage of the most effective slag-soil composition for corn was determined. The highest yield in the slag pot was determined the rate of %12.5 and coarse-grained. Ideally, the slag content found to be chinerals such as merwinite (3CaO-MgO-2SiO2), akermanite (2CaO-MgO-2SiO2), gehlenite (2CaO-Al2O3-SiO2). Thus, it was detected the steel slags can be used as feed material for plants. Hence by maintaining the ecological balance economic contribution to the country was achieved.

Synthesis of halooximes has attracted much attention given their importance as precursors to proline derivatives1, unnatural amino acids2 and a host of alkaloids3. Halooximes have numerous industrial and biological applications 4, for example oxime ethers increases specific channel opening activities, acting as potential targets in drug treatment for various diseases 5, most adrenergic β-receptor blocking compounds also conform to the structure of oxime ethers 6. They also have vitro antifungal activities against certain plants7. A known method for the synthesis of 3 using Me3SiX as a Lewis acid, via intermediate enamines with acyclic/ cyclic bis(oxy)enamines, gives yields between 21-68%. Low yield stems from lack of reaction specificity2. In this work, we investigate coupling nitrogen-oxides with CoBr2 to synthesise halooximes in high yield. Initial cyclic/ acyclic bis(oxy)enamines were prepared by reacting 1 equiv. nitro compound with 2.4 equiv. in excess of dichloromethane under argon atmosphere at a temperature of 0ºC. 2.2 equiv. of TMS-Br was further added and left to stir till thermal equilibrium with room conditions. The cyclic/ acyclic bis(oxy)enamine was isolated upon aqueous work-up, filtration and evaporation. Synthesis of halooximes was carried out by reacting 8mL to 1mmol equiv. of THF and 2 equiv. of CoBr2 under argon atmosphere and left to stir till CoBr2 dissolves. 2mL to 1mmol equiv. of CH2Cl2 was added to 1 equiv. of bis(oxy)enamines. The reaction mixture was left to stir at room temperature for 2 hours, after which aqueous work-up, filtration and evaporation were carried out. Our results are summarized in Table 1. We also obtained relatively high percentage yields for the direct synthesis of bromooximes from cyclic nitronates via a one-pot procedure: Low yield stems from lack of reaction specificity2. In this work, we investigate coupling nitrogen-oxides with CoBr2 to synthesise halooximes in high yield. Initial cyclic/ acyclic bis(oxy)enamines were prepared by reacting 1 equiv. nitro compound with 2.4 equiv. in excess of dichloromethane under argon atmosphere at a temperature of 0ºC. 2.2 equiv. of TMS-Br was further added and left to stir till thermal equilibrium with room conditions. The cyclic/ acyclic bis(oxy)enamine was isolated upon aqueous work-up, filtration and evaporation. Synthesis of halooximes was carried out by reacting 8mL to 1mmol equiv. of THF and 2 equiv. of CoBr2 under argon atmosphere and left to stir till CoBr2 dissolves. 2mL to 1mmol equiv. of CH2Cl2 was added to 1 equiv. of bis(oxy)enamines. The reaction mixture was left to stir at room temperature for 2 hours, after which aqueous work-up, filtration and evaporation were carried out. Our results are summarized in Table 1. We also obtained relatively high percentage yields for the direct synthesis of bromooximes from cyclic nitronates via a one-pot procedure:

對於轉向次數K→∞且轉向角ɵ為任意角時，各收斂點P於坐標平面上恰形成圓C：。已知U為x軸上任一點且坐標為(u,0)，當ɵ改變時，p1p2與UP之交點S的軌跡為圓錐曲線（點、直線、拋物線、橢圓、雙曲線）。當U=c 時，交點S的軌跡為橢圓，此橢圓的長軸長為圓C半徑（r/1-r2 ），且焦點為P1(1,0)與C(1/1-r2,0)。各轉向點Pn(nÎN)位於一個方程式為，定角為之等角螺線上；同時繪出轉向次數k在不同值時，瓢蟲行進終點之軌跡，以驗證當k愈來愈大時，各終點形成的軌跡會趨近於一個圓。當k=2時，圖形為蚶線並證明其經平移後之極坐標方程式為R=r+2r2cosɵ。最後我們展示行進公比 r→1-，r=1 ， r→1+ 時所呈現的終點軌跡，並對此軌跡所呈現出的意象與自然界連結，而其實質關聯性則有待未來研究。

本研究首度發現人類肺癌A549細胞會促進其所浸潤的樹突細胞分泌Resistin，而更深入地探究獲悉Resistin會透過活化WHSC1/Twist途徑促進肺癌A549細胞惡化，此惡化過程包括誘導癌細胞上皮間質轉化(epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition; EMT)及提升癌細胞的移行(migration)和入侵(invasion)能力。為確認Resistin在臨床的重要性，透過肺癌病患檢體分析發現，相較於健康捐贈者，肺癌病人的血清可測的較高濃度的Resistin；更甚之，比較非腫瘤組織部位之CD11c+樹突細胞，浸潤於腫瘤組織部位之CD11c+樹突細胞會呈現高量的Resistin。接續探討Resistin對肺癌細胞的影響機制，實驗結果發現Resistin會增加A549細胞表現histone methyltransferase WHSC1的表現，而WHSC1在Twist啟動子的H3組蛋白lysine 36位置進行dimethylation修飾，並降低H3組蛋白lysine 27位置的trimethylation進而促進Twist的表現，促使A549細胞進行EMT和增加癌細胞移行和入侵。因此，Resistin可作為肺癌診斷分子及藥物發展的重要標靶。