一等獎

我們根據物理學的彈性體振動模型發現:主動脈硬化程度可由測量主動脈相對於心臟運動的延遲時間分析得知。我們除了由樣品之超音波影像分析驗證此一觀念之外，還用一自製模型進行實驗，模擬血管厚度對延遲時間的影響，實驗結果與理論相吻合，證實了彈性體模型之可靠性。在診斷方面，此方法可用目前臨床使用的心臟超音波儀直接進行測量，使得它具有方便、普遍的優點;而且可由體外的胸前超音波掃描(TTE)進行觀測，具有非侵入性、免除受測者的不適及避免副作用，此外，能定量分析、早期診斷、鑑別度高也是此方法重要的優點。According to the elastic oscillation model of physics, we found that the aorta stiffness could be obtained by measuring the delay time of the aorta relative to the cardiac motion. The idea was confirmed by an analysis of the echocardiograph images of several samples. A home-made mechanical model was also employed to simulate the effect of cardiovascular thickness. The experimental results fitted the theory very well, verifying the feasibility of the elastic oscillation model. This measurement could be carried out with the conventional echocardiography instruments, making it convenient and common. Furthermore, the delay time could be measured with TaransThoracic Echo (TTE) instead of TransEsophadeal Echo (TEE). This non-invasion can avoid patients’ discomfort and side effect during medical process. The quantitative measurement also enables that the diagnostics can be progressed in advance.

本研究參考智慧型3C產品之節能協定，將其應用於電源開關裝置上，此開關裝置將具備工作模式、待機模式及睡眠模式，利用此三種模式並結合即時輪詢的技術，發展出適合智慧型節能開關裝置的節能協定，達到全自動且節能的目標。此智慧型節能開關裝置主要包括固態開關電路、電流感測電路、RC濾波器電路以及控制電路，本研究針對上述幾種主要電路進行電路的研究及實作，並建立模擬的電路模型，根據此模型設計出完整的智慧型節能開關裝置，進行其節能效率及未來大量應用的可行性分析。經過實作證明，此種具備節能協定的智慧型節能開關的確能有效地省下家電待機耗電，與市面上不具備節能協定的開關相比，有更高的使用便利性。

Nikhil’s technology studies main client told him how she had no idea about how to\r stop her children looking at all sorts of website and asked him for a solution to a\r problem he initially thought was impossible to crack. Nikhil has definitely ‘cracked’\r this one: with a dedicated website his clients can log into and monitor what is going on in any computer the little box of electronic tricks is plugged into from anywhere in the\r world. This unit controls the electronics and stores the history of the web pages that the user has visited. Not only that, the client can cut the internet (and re-connect it) to the remote computer at will. At the heart of Nikhil’s box of tricks is a web-server module (The Wiznet) and a powerful microcontroller, the AtMega32. Nikhil has designed the\r board, connected the electronics and written the code to allow it to communicate with\r the computer and remote client.

由於結網性蜘蛛視覺不靈敏，如何在網上藉振動進行獵捕，這是長久以來頗令科學家困惑的難題，當周遭環境各種振源觸網時，首先會產生不同振盪，蜘蛛是否藉由這些振盪得知獵物資訊？如何迅速準確的定位？又有那些決策條件影響蜘蛛的捕獵行為？更特別的，為何蜘蛛在捕獵過程中會“扯網”？本研究以台灣最大型結網性蜘蛛－人面蜘蛛為研究對象，並設計出一套非接觸式的測量方法，就上述謎題作深入的探討後，成功的解開人面蜘蛛的捕獵機制。簡單來說，其機制分為兩大系統：(1)當獵物擾動不明顯，人面蜘蛛會立即扯網，藉有無產生阻尼振盪，以判斷有無獵物存在；在阻尼振盪產生時，蜘蛛將感知其中具有最大阻尼振盪之放射絲為獵物所在方向，而振盪週期長短，係蜘蛛用以判斷獵物遠近之有效因素。(2)當振源明顯時，蜘蛛直接判斷各種擾動的振幅大小、頻率高低、波形模式、振源質量輕重，決定是否啟動捕獵或逃離反應，並在反應前先行定位，亦即以步足腳勾偵測並比較各放射絲之振盪大小，以振盪最大之放射絲為獵物方向，其次藉由第二對步足之位移所產生之準光角，判斷獵物之遠近。蜘蛛正確的將獵物定位後，會以適當的速度往前衝，一口咬住獵物，以蛛絲重重包裹後，拖往網中央並進行吸食。 Giant wood spider, Nephila pilipes, is the biggest orb web spider in Taiwan. The mature N. pilipes may even grow to exceed 5 cm body length. While waiting for the prey, its giant body hangs quietly on the hub of the web. Owing to its ineffective vision and sense of smell, the spider depends almost on detecting the vibration signal of the struggling of web cause by the struggling prey. When various kinds of sources from the environment contact the web, they will generate various types of vibrations which cause the spider to judge whether they represent danger, prey, or irrelevant signals. Our results suggest that if the disturbance is obvious, through discriminating the amplitude and frequency of the vibration, the spider will make a decision whether to attack or escape immediately. Yet, before any decision is made, it will need to locate the source of vibration. For example, it will locate prey correctly by comparing the vibration transmitted from the radiating strings. The radiating strings that transmitted the largest vibration are where the prey is entangled. The displacement of the second pair of legs will generate a quasi visual angle which enables it to comprehend the distance of prey. When the vibration signal is obscure, it will jerk the radiating string immediately. After jerking it, if there is damping oscillation on the web, then the spider can judge the location of the prey. When there is damping oscillation, the radiating string that transmitted the greatest damping oscillation is where the prey is entangled. Furthermore, the frequency of damping oscillation helps the spider to judge the distance of the prey. After locating the prey correctly, N. pilipes approaches the prey fast, wraps it with silk then drags the prey to the hub to feed.\r

Steel slag, is received from iron and steel production facilities in Turkey, and is up to 25-30% from steel production. These couldn’t have been reclamation for any field of use and free stored in nature. When the structure of this slag examined, it was contained metallic formation (Fe2O3, Al2O3, MnO2, MgO2 etc.) and oxide compositions (SiO2, CaO2 etc.). The aim of this project is investigate metallic content of steel slag used as fertilizer in plants. For this purpose, slag is used to determine the physical and chemical characterization. Then, it is separated from metallic content by using shaking table and multi gravity separative (MGS) method. After these procedures, there are determinate 6 groups with different densities and different grit size. Element analysis was made of these groups by atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) and ICP-OES system. In addition, mineral analysis was determined by XRD device. Thus, within each group minerals have been identified. Slag-soil mixture was prepared for determination the highest yield of using six different slag groups as fertilizer in the plant. Thus, corn crops were grown in different combinations. Then harvested corn plants and done soil analysis of the plants. As a result of experiments, percentage of the most effective slag-soil composition for corn was determined. The highest yield in the slag pot was determined the rate of %12.5 and coarse-grained. Ideally, the slag content found to be chinerals such as merwinite (3CaO-MgO-2SiO2), akermanite (2CaO-MgO-2SiO2), gehlenite (2CaO-Al2O3-SiO2). Thus, it was detected the steel slags can be used as feed material for plants. Hence by maintaining the ecological balance economic contribution to the country was achieved.

Synthesis of halooximes has attracted much attention given their importance as precursors to proline derivatives1, unnatural amino acids2 and a host of alkaloids3. Halooximes have numerous industrial and biological applications 4, for example oxime ethers increases specific channel opening activities, acting as potential targets in drug treatment for various diseases 5, most adrenergic β-receptor blocking compounds also conform to the structure of oxime ethers 6. They also have vitro antifungal activities against certain plants7. A known method for the synthesis of 3 using Me3SiX as a Lewis acid, via intermediate enamines with acyclic/ cyclic bis(oxy)enamines, gives yields between 21-68%. Low yield stems from lack of reaction specificity2. In this work, we investigate coupling nitrogen-oxides with CoBr2 to synthesise halooximes in high yield. Initial cyclic/ acyclic bis(oxy)enamines were prepared by reacting 1 equiv. nitro compound with 2.4 equiv. in excess of dichloromethane under argon atmosphere at a temperature of 0ºC. 2.2 equiv. of TMS-Br was further added and left to stir till thermal equilibrium with room conditions. The cyclic/ acyclic bis(oxy)enamine was isolated upon aqueous work-up, filtration and evaporation. Synthesis of halooximes was carried out by reacting 8mL to 1mmol equiv. of THF and 2 equiv. of CoBr2 under argon atmosphere and left to stir till CoBr2 dissolves. 2mL to 1mmol equiv. of CH2Cl2 was added to 1 equiv. of bis(oxy)enamines. The reaction mixture was left to stir at room temperature for 2 hours, after which aqueous work-up, filtration and evaporation were carried out. Our results are summarized in Table 1. We also obtained relatively high percentage yields for the direct synthesis of bromooximes from cyclic nitronates via a one-pot procedure: Low yield stems from lack of reaction specificity2. In this work, we investigate coupling nitrogen-oxides with CoBr2 to synthesise halooximes in high yield. Initial cyclic/ acyclic bis(oxy)enamines were prepared by reacting 1 equiv. nitro compound with 2.4 equiv. in excess of dichloromethane under argon atmosphere at a temperature of 0ºC. 2.2 equiv. of TMS-Br was further added and left to stir till thermal equilibrium with room conditions. The cyclic/ acyclic bis(oxy)enamine was isolated upon aqueous work-up, filtration and evaporation. Synthesis of halooximes was carried out by reacting 8mL to 1mmol equiv. of THF and 2 equiv. of CoBr2 under argon atmosphere and left to stir till CoBr2 dissolves. 2mL to 1mmol equiv. of CH2Cl2 was added to 1 equiv. of bis(oxy)enamines. The reaction mixture was left to stir at room temperature for 2 hours, after which aqueous work-up, filtration and evaporation were carried out. Our results are summarized in Table 1. We also obtained relatively high percentage yields for the direct synthesis of bromooximes from cyclic nitronates via a one-pot procedure:

隨著全球氣候變遷，能在極端環境下生存的作物，是未來農業的救命藥。原住民種植的小米，具有在嚴苛環境下生長的特性。比較小米和水稻在鹽逆境的生長狀況，發現小米的根長、葉長及側根生長狀況都比水稻來的好，且小米具有花青素累積的現象。氣孔方面，小米在0.15%鹽濃度就能關閉氣孔，水稻則需到0.3%鹽濃度才會關閉。透過生化分析，發現小米在鹽逆境下抗氧化酵素與澱粉酶的活性皆比水稻高，此外小米亦能在鹽逆境下累積較多的脯胺酸與維他命C，藉此提升小米的耐鹽能力。我們另比較小米與水稻對於淹水逆境的耐受性，結果顯示水稻在淹水逆境下地上部與地下部的生長狀況皆比小米佳，而淹水三天的小米仍無法在植株內累積脯胺酸來對抗淹水逆境，但外加脯胺酸卻能有效提升小米耐淹能力，另外水稻能透過形成通氣組織來增加淹水逆下根部的氣體交換，並能透過外加鈣離子來增加通氣組織的面積，但在小米則無此機制。透過實驗能讓我們了解作物抵抗逆境機制的優劣，期待未來能將結果運用於氣候變遷下的作物育種，造福全人類。

本研究選擇以天然易分解的吸附劑－幾丁聚醣和聚麩胺酸（γ-PGA)，建立有效去除水中重金屬離子的方法。首先探討幾丁聚醣膜在各種條件下對鉻離子、銅離子的吸附。對鉻離子的吸附模式較符合等溫吸附式Freundlich，於30℃、pH=3時具有吸附優勢。而後將幾丁聚醣黏附於多孔性泡綿，利用抽濾法提高吸附效率，使鉻、銅離子殘留率分別降至2.08％、11.23％。幾丁聚醣與γ-PGA結合製成的複合材料泡綿，大幅提升對銅離子的吸附效果，其吸附模式較符合等溫吸附式Freundlich，於30℃下、pH=7，γ-PGA與幾丁聚醣之比例為6:5時，對銅離子吸附最佳。利用分光光度儀的設計原理，以光敏電阻建立可即時檢測有色重金屬離子的分析元件。將此檢測裝置結合吸附劑，研發一套可即時檢測、環保簡易的重金屬離子吸附暨檢測之循環系統。對於2.0ppm、10.0ppm之鉻、銅離子循環2、3小時後，殘留率分別降至0.046％、0.074％，充分顯示此系統可有效去除水中重金屬離子。