一等獎

We operated the misexpression screen between the EP lines and the pattern lines with the genotypes of eq1>dll, eq1>abdA, eq1>Ubx, eq1-GAL4, ey-GAL4 or dpp-GAL4. After the screening, we found that five of these 1,800 strains of filial generation had special phenotypes. It had shorter antennae and defects in the anterior equatorial region of eyes. We used plasmid rescue and IPCR to sequence the certain target gene, and found that it was escargot, abbreviated as esg. To identify when, where and how the overexpression of escargot induces such phenotype, we operated the staining of eye-antenna disc in third-instar larval period of wild type, eq> esg×UAS-GFP and eq>GFP with anti-dll, anti-caspase3 and anti-esg. The result shows that escargot cannot be detected before puparium formation. But the expression of dll, a gene controls the eye development, was reduced in the eye disc. We except the overexpression cause the defect of distal antennae and the anterior equatorial region of eyes mainly in the 3-day-long pupal life.我們用異位表現法篩選出和eq1>dll、eq1>abdA、eq1>Ubx、eq1-GAL4、ey-GAL4或dpp-GAL4 這些pattern lines有交互作用的EP lines。在這1800種的果蠅子代品系中，有五種具有特殊的性 狀。它們具有觸角短化以及複眼前緣中央區有缺刻的現象(形成心型眼)。我們使用質體救援 法以及IPCR的方法來定序這段未知基因序列，發現這是一個叫做escargot的基因(簡稱esg)。 為了了解過分表現此基因會造成何種分子影響，以至於產生此種性狀，因此我們使用 anti-dll 、anti-caspase3 和anti-esg 進行野生型、eq>esg×UAS-GFP 和eq>GFP 三齡幼蟲的 eye-antenna disc的螢光免疫染色。結果在幼蟲成蛹前都沒有偵測到esg的表現現象；不過在eye disc中，控制眼睛發育的基因dll的表現有被抑制的現象。因此我們推測過分表現esg的過程因 該是發生在為其短短三天的蛹期。也就是說，這種表型應該是在化蛹後形成。

Purpose High-jump athletes are not always aware of the exact height they are jumping. They know that they are clearing the height set by the bar, but not their specific height, which may in fact be a record without them even knowing it. The purpose of this project is thus to design and make a device that will enable high-jump athletes to know exactly how high they are jumping. Procedure Background research was conducted and it was confirmed that no similar products are currently available. Possible types of sensors and micro-controllers were then investigated and then both a prototype and model were built to test the concept. Appropriate changes and adjustments were then made to the design until all func-tions were working accordingly. With the assistance of an experienced software de-veloper, a program was designed to communicate the data collected from the sen-sors into a graphical user interface. Results Many variables, contributing to the accuracy of the obtained results, had to be tak-en into consideration. These variables include interference with the sensors, which resulted in less accurate readings, as well as weather conditions. The latter was found not to have as drastic an effect on the results. Conclusion A device that enables athletes to measure the true height they are clearing was suc-cessfully designed and created. This device will thus be able to help motivate athletes by measuring their true capa-bilities.

有一次上實驗課時看到鄰桌的同學正以實驗室的毛細管吸吮一瓶\r 葡萄汁，每當他吞嚥時，毛細管內殘餘的葡萄汁竟然以近似等速的狀\r 態降回果汁瓶裡，這似乎違背了重力加速度的常理，是毛細管的影響\r 嗎？還是葡萄汁特有的現象？這與毛細管插入葡萄汁的深度有關嗎？\r 這一連串的問題皆因升學壓力而無暇深究。\r 升上高中的那年暑假，我參加了學校舉辦的資優科學營，在物理\r 實驗課中恰好遇到了以毛細管測量液體黏度的實驗，使我有機會深入\r 思索毛細管內液體流速的問題。這個實驗很不好做，要調整兩個定高\r 容器，使水平毛細管兩端產生固定的壓差，讓流經管內的液體為等速\r 的流動。大家手忙腳亂地操作了近三小時，測出來的黏度不僅和老師\r 公布的答案差距甚大，而且各組同學所測得之結果也大相逕庭，不過\r 我們都體驗到了液體黏度對流速的影響。\r 實驗的誤差為什麼那麼大？扣除人為操作誤差後儀器本身還有多\r 大改進空間？有否更精簡的方法測量黏度？毛細管中液體的流速真\r 是固定的嗎？把毛細管斜置或是垂直架置，流速還會固定嗎？重力不\r 會影響流速嗎？若流速真為固定的，如何控制或改變流速呢？是否可\r 以利用流速來測出液體黏度？\r 由於我對這個實驗的專注，在學校選修的專題課程中即以此為題\r 目做長期的研究，在老師的指導下，我和同組同學不停地查閱有關書\r 籍及整理資料，漸漸研究清楚原理後定出實驗計畫，並開始購買材料\r 與工具，長期地動手實驗及改進，兩年來我們利用毛細管中液體的等\r 速及不等速流動的特性，發展出了兩種既精簡又準確的液體黏度測量\r 法，以下就是整個研究及創作的過程。\r \r \r The viscosity is one of the most important parameters of the fluids. In conventional viscosity experiments, capillary-based viscometers are widely adopted because of their user-ready devices and moderate prices. However, to accurately measure the viscosity, the fluid velocity must be kept constant; otherwise, the fluctuation may cause the serious deviation. Besides, traditional capillary viscometers often require a long time to make the measurement. This research aims at exploring the capillary fluid mechanics and developing accurate and rapid methods to measure the viscosity. In this study, we developed two creative viscosity-measuring methods, the gravity sloping helical structure and the gradational liquid-level difference, and constructed two cost-effective capillary viscometer prototypes accordingly. The gravity sloping helical structure employs a long helical capillary as the flow channel and utilizes the gravity force to keep the fluid velocity extremely constant. The highlight of this method is that we can see the fluid flow through the capillary directly. On the other hand, the gradational liquid-level difference method uses the pressure sensors to precisely monitor the liquid-level difference, which drives the flow in the capillary, and allows automatic measurement of viscosity. Compared with computer simulation, the experimental results agreed well with the theoretical values. The gravity sloping helical and gradational liquid-level difference methods achieve 0.5% and 0.8% accuracy respectively. In addition, the automation of viscosity sensing also greatly facilitates the viscosity measurement. Furthermore, these two methods are both valuable for incorporating into educational purpose and industrial application.

由於結網性蜘蛛視覺不靈敏，如何在網上藉振動進行獵捕，這是長久以來頗令科學家困惑的難題，當周遭環境各種振源觸網時，首先會產生不同振盪，蜘蛛是否藉由這些振盪得知獵物資訊？如何迅速準確的定位？又有那些決策條件影響蜘蛛的捕獵行為？更特別的，為何蜘蛛在捕獵過程中會“扯網”？本研究以台灣最大型結網性蜘蛛－人面蜘蛛為研究對象，並設計出一套非接觸式的測量方法，就上述謎題作深入的探討後，成功的解開人面蜘蛛的捕獵機制。簡單來說，其機制分為兩大系統：(1)當獵物擾動不明顯，人面蜘蛛會立即扯網，藉有無產生阻尼振盪，以判斷有無獵物存在；在阻尼振盪產生時，蜘蛛將感知其中具有最大阻尼振盪之放射絲為獵物所在方向，而振盪週期長短，係蜘蛛用以判斷獵物遠近之有效因素。(2)當振源明顯時，蜘蛛直接判斷各種擾動的振幅大小、頻率高低、波形模式、振源質量輕重，決定是否啟動捕獵或逃離反應，並在反應前先行定位，亦即以步足腳勾偵測並比較各放射絲之振盪大小，以振盪最大之放射絲為獵物方向，其次藉由第二對步足之位移所產生之準光角，判斷獵物之遠近。蜘蛛正確的將獵物定位後，會以適當的速度往前衝，一口咬住獵物，以蛛絲重重包裹後，拖往網中央並進行吸食。 Giant wood spider, Nephila pilipes, is the biggest orb web spider in Taiwan. The mature N. pilipes may even grow to exceed 5 cm body length. While waiting for the prey, its giant body hangs quietly on the hub of the web. Owing to its ineffective vision and sense of smell, the spider depends almost on detecting the vibration signal of the struggling of web cause by the struggling prey. When various kinds of sources from the environment contact the web, they will generate various types of vibrations which cause the spider to judge whether they represent danger, prey, or irrelevant signals. Our results suggest that if the disturbance is obvious, through discriminating the amplitude and frequency of the vibration, the spider will make a decision whether to attack or escape immediately. Yet, before any decision is made, it will need to locate the source of vibration. For example, it will locate prey correctly by comparing the vibration transmitted from the radiating strings. The radiating strings that transmitted the largest vibration are where the prey is entangled. The displacement of the second pair of legs will generate a quasi visual angle which enables it to comprehend the distance of prey. When the vibration signal is obscure, it will jerk the radiating string immediately. After jerking it, if there is damping oscillation on the web, then the spider can judge the location of the prey. When there is damping oscillation, the radiating string that transmitted the greatest damping oscillation is where the prey is entangled. Furthermore, the frequency of damping oscillation helps the spider to judge the distance of the prey. After locating the prey correctly, N. pilipes approaches the prey fast, wraps it with silk then drags the prey to the hub to feed.\r

本研究主要針對棕色扁琉璃蟻的生殖型蟻以及其生殖行為進行探討。在生殖季節中，處女蟻后出現的比例明顯高於有翅型雄蟻。而蟻后的死亡率高，且其所產下的卵有27%為畸型卵，具有生殖衰退(reproductive decline)的現象。此外，部分棕色扁琉璃蟻聚落中，蟻后會被工蟻逐出巢外並進行搬運屍體、搬運廢棄物及覓食等職蟻的行為。 有別於大多數的蟻種，棕色扁琉璃蟻存在著工蟻型雄蟻(Ergatoid male)和具有生殖能力的工蟻。工蟻型雄蟻的外型與氣味皆與一般工蟻相似，羽化後即具有生殖能力，可與聚落中多隻生殖型工蟻行多次交配(multiple mating)；而可生殖的工蟻又包含三種中間階級(intercaste)，於體長、複眼數目、胸線皆有所差異，微卵管數目則可依階級分為4至6條、12至14條、18至22條三種範圍。 棕色扁琉璃蟻的繁衍方式是多樣且複雜的：聚落中主要由生殖型工蟻進行有性生殖及孤雌產雌，繁殖出蟻后、工蟻和二種型態的雄蟻。而蟻后則可與有翅型雄蟻交配，但只產出一般工蟻及生殖型工蟻。 本研究首次提出了棕色扁琉璃蟻具有工蟻型雄蟻，而對這種具有複雜生殖方式的社會結構之探討，也為聚落發展的方式提供了一個新的研究方向

為了測量測量乒乓球彈跳，設計了測量的方法，基本構想是將乒乓球在木板上的彈跳（接觸與離開）視為開關的ON與OFF，將訊號產生器所產生的電訊號接到乒乓球上，木板接到電腦錄音輸入端，當乒乓球與木板接觸時，形成通路訊號進入電腦，由錄音程式加以記錄，反之為斷路，記錄停止。但如何將乒乓球、木板由不能導電的絕緣體轉換成可以導電的導體，而又不能影響乒乓球原本彈跳性質？想出了用2B鉛筆（含石墨）將乒乓球、木板塗黑轉變為導體的方法，解決這個問題後，成功測量出以下乒乓球彈跳時各項的記錄：1.彈跳次數2.碰撞作用力3.接觸時間4.飛行時間。最後以力感測器直接測量碰撞作用力，來驗正此實驗正確性。

在這個科展中我們要研究兩個非常有趣的問題：\r 停車場問題 與 彈硬幣遊戲.\r 停車場問題是這樣的：在一條單行道上有n個車位，編號從1到n。現在有n個司機排成一排要進入停車。但是每個司機都有怪癖，各自有最想要停的位子。他們依序將車子開進單行道，如果想要停的位子是空的，當然停在這個位子。但是如果不巧那個位子已經被停了，不得已只好找下一個空位，姑且停之。但是如果往下找都沒有空位，由於是單行道，司機就只好開走不停了。\r 比如說，如果現在有五輛車，司機的喜好分別是(3,1,2,5,2)。則五輛車都可以順利停車。但是司機的喜好如果是(3,1,4,5,4)，有些車就無法停車了。\r 彈硬幣遊戲是這樣的：考慮圓內接正n+1邊形，任意兩點都連線。這正n+1邊形中有一個頂點P是特殊的，每個頂點上一開始都放有一些硬幣(各點硬幣數可以不同)。如果P以外的某個頂點上的硬幣數n個，我們可以對這個頂點進行操作：一次操作是指將這個頂點上的硬幣各分一個給每個其他頂點。點P只在其他點都無法操作時操作。我們不理會頂點P上的錢數，因此這個遊戲可以無限地玩下去。

Nikhil’s technology studies main client told him how she had no idea about how to\r stop her children looking at all sorts of website and asked him for a solution to a\r problem he initially thought was impossible to crack. Nikhil has definitely ‘cracked’\r this one: with a dedicated website his clients can log into and monitor what is going on in any computer the little box of electronic tricks is plugged into from anywhere in the\r world. This unit controls the electronics and stores the history of the web pages that the user has visited. Not only that, the client can cut the internet (and re-connect it) to the remote computer at will. At the heart of Nikhil’s box of tricks is a web-server module (The Wiznet) and a powerful microcontroller, the AtMega32. Nikhil has designed the\r board, connected the electronics and written the code to allow it to communicate with\r the computer and remote client.

本研究探討斜面上二維顆粒體流動的現象，分析各種變因(軌道盒傾斜角度、軌道盒側壁傾斜角度、軌道盒出口大小、顆粒粒徑)對斜面顆粒流性質的影響: 一、 顆粒流圖形與表層崩塌角 (一)顆粒流圖形: 「V字下滑」 (二)表層崩塌角: ‧正向關係: 軌道盒傾斜角 ‧負向關係: 軌道盒側壁傾斜角、粒徑 ‧ 未知關係: 出口大小 二、 中央線上目標顆粒的落下時間 ‧正向關係: 軌道盒側壁傾斜角度 ‧ 負向關係: 軌道盒傾斜角度、出口大小 ‧未知關係: 粒徑 三、 探討傾斜軌道盒顆粒流中，崩塌以及倒序區域分布圖形 ‧起始位置較高且較遠離中軸線的顆粒將可能發生「起始位置較高的顆粒卻較早落下」的倒序現象; 依照顆粒實際發生的崩塌類型，能將軌道盒分為穩定區、內崩塌區及表層崩塌區。 ‧崩塌區域的分佈受顆粒粒徑與軌道盒側壁傾斜角影響。

Steel slag, is received from iron and steel production facilities in Turkey, and is up to 25-30% from steel production. These couldn’t have been reclamation for any field of use and free stored in nature. When the structure of this slag examined, it was contained metallic formation (Fe2O3, Al2O3, MnO2, MgO2 etc.) and oxide compositions (SiO2, CaO2 etc.). The aim of this project is investigate metallic content of steel slag used as fertilizer in plants. For this purpose, slag is used to determine the physical and chemical characterization. Then, it is separated from metallic content by using shaking table and multi gravity separative (MGS) method. After these procedures, there are determinate 6 groups with different densities and different grit size. Element analysis was made of these groups by atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) and ICP-OES system. In addition, mineral analysis was determined by XRD device. Thus, within each group minerals have been identified. Slag-soil mixture was prepared for determination the highest yield of using six different slag groups as fertilizer in the plant. Thus, corn crops were grown in different combinations. Then harvested corn plants and done soil analysis of the plants. As a result of experiments, percentage of the most effective slag-soil composition for corn was determined. The highest yield in the slag pot was determined the rate of %12.5 and coarse-grained. Ideally, the slag content found to be chinerals such as merwinite (3CaO-MgO-2SiO2), akermanite (2CaO-MgO-2SiO2), gehlenite (2CaO-Al2O3-SiO2). Thus, it was detected the steel slags can be used as feed material for plants. Hence by maintaining the ecological balance economic contribution to the country was achieved.