儘管鍺在電子工業上被廣泛運用，但對於暴露在鍺化合物所產生的毒害則尚未被詳細的探討。在探討鍺對細胞所產生的生理影響中，我們使用了二氧化鍺 ( GeO2）和有機鍺（ Ge-132 ）。由實驗結果顯示， GeO2，會造成人類子宮上皮癌細胞（ A 431 ) 及巨噬細胞株（ Raw264.7 ）死亡，而 Ge -132 對細胞生長則不造成任何影響，為了進一步了解鍺引起細胞死亡是否是經過細胞凋亡（apoptosis ) ，我們將鍺處理過的細胞進行染色體 D NA 的分析，結果發現細胞中 DNA 染色體沒有斷裂。由先前 Huang 等人於 1999 年的研究結果顯示，砷對細胞所造成的毒性是經由有絲分裂活化酵素（ MAPK ）傳導路徑，所以為了解鍺誘導細胞死亡的路徑，我們亦分析 MAPK 傳導路徑是否亦參與其中，我們發現 GeO2加入 A431 細胞後，會活化有絲分裂活化酵素中的 ERK ，但對JNK 及 p38 皆無影響，在對蛋白質表現方面，轉錄因子 c-Jun 的蛋白質表現也是隨著GeO2加入的時間增加而上升。 GeO2加入 Raw 264 . 7cell 後，會造成 JNK 、 ERK 的活化，同樣的轉錄因子 c- Jun 也會增加，由此一結果得知鍺對細胞的影響會因細胞的不同而有所差異，為了分析自由基是否參與砷及鍺所造成細胞死亡的過程，我們分析在 A431 細胞中可產生的 NO 的可誘導性 nitric oxide synthase ( iNOS ）的表現，我們發現氧化鍺及砷都會誘導 iNOS 的表現量增加。綜合以上結果，可能顯示氧化錯可能會經由 M A PK 訊息傳遞路徑來促使細胞的死亡，並且 iNOS 亦可能參與此過程。就我們所知，這是第一個提出重金屬所造成的毒害可能會經由 iNOS 來誘導產生的研究。 Despite the extensive use of germanium (Ge) in the electronic industry and optical devices, the potential risks of exposure to germanium compounds have not been evaluated. The effects of germanium on cell physiological functions were studied. We first asked if germanium oxide (GeO2) or carboxyethylgermanium (Ge-l32) could affect cell viability. We found that GeO2, but not Ge-l32, reduced cell viability in a dose-dependent manner in epidermoid carcinoma A43 I and macrophage Raw 264.7 cells. In order to test whether apoptosis contributes to germanium cytotoxicity, DNA fragmentation was evaluated in A43 1 and Raw 264.7 cells treated with GeO2 or Ge-132, respectively. We found that neither GeO2 nor Ge- 132 had effect on chromosomal DNA fragmentation. Previous studies by Huang (1999) et al indicated that sodium arsenite (NaAsO2) cytotoxicity is mediated through mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. In order to study the mechanism(s) by which GeO2 mediates cell death, we analyzed the signal transduction pathways triggered by GeO2 We found that GeO2 stimulated the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activity and transcription factor c-Jun in a time-dependent manner, but not c-Jun amino-terminal kinasc (JNK), or p38 MAPK in A431 cells. Treatment of the Raw 264.7 cells with GeO2, induced activities of ERK, JNK and c-Jun in a time-dependent manner. Collectively, these results suggested that GeO2 effects might be cell type specific. To test whether free radicals were involved in NaAsO2 or GeO2 mediated cell death, the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), which produced the NO free radical, was determined in A431 cells treated with NaAsO2 or GeO2. We found that expression of iNOS was induced in a time-dependent manner in NaAsO2 or GeO2-treted A431 cells. Taken together, our results indicated that GeO2-induccd cell death may be mediated through MAPK signal pathways and that iNOS may contribute to NaAsO2 or GeO2 mediated cell death. To our knowledge, this is the first report that iNOS may contribute to heavy metal mediated cytotoxicity.

癌症多年來為台灣地區十大死亡原因之首，因此，開發治療癌症的藥物有迫切的需要。本實驗先以SRB assay篩選許多天然化合物，並找到天然物「禾本科竹節草(Chrysopogon aciculatus)成分CA-C」對肺癌細胞A549有抑制作用；利用流式細胞儀分析細胞週期，顯示DNA片段化，此為細胞凋亡一大特色；並以Western blot評估其對肺癌細胞造成的細胞凋亡之機轉。

在我們的這主題中，以單擺為主要研究對象，利用數值方法寫成計算程式，並藉 以整理運用繪圖軟圖，描繪其運動的模式之物理意義，便是我們此主題的重點所在， 並且我們更深入於實際物理情況中，消耗力或摩擦力終將阻滯運動以迄振動不再發 生。我們一開始利用RK4 數值方法將單擺運動方程寫成Visual Basic 6.0 計算程式來解 其運動方程得到等時距之角度及角速度，再藉由Matlab5.3 繪出我們想要的圖形―角度 與時間，角速度與時間以及角速度和角度之相圖。所得的圖形中，也分為有或無阻尼， 每項中又有不同的討論，如：在已知的任何一個初始狀態下，其擺動的情況當然也有 互相之對照比較，最終得出精采的結果：且將單擺作了完整且一般性的分析。因為此 番分析研究是屬理論性，雖然實驗之佐證但我們藉由Easy Java Simulation(台灣師範大 學黃福坤教授在http://140.126.110.168/~phy50/所提供免費下載)製作動畫來驗證了我們 所得的結果是十分正確無誤【它只能得到各初始條件下之單一圖形，而我們的方法可 以將各單一相圖統整成相平面及相空間並分類】

本實驗設計主要是以波的傳送速度(特別是聲波)，以及接收收到的時間值來做實驗、運算、討論。而其特點是為了應用於實際生活中，做了許多異於平常測量方法的設計。主要是使用時間差(｜t1–t2｜V=發聲器到兩感應器的距離差 )來消彌掉一般測量時，需要採取同步的條件，說明如下： 1. 由以上的圖中，t1’ = T + t1 為實際由感應器開始感應到感應器#1 接收到訊號的時間；同理，t2’ = T + t2 為實際由開始感應到感應器#2 接收到訊號的時間。而T 為感應器開始感應到發聲器開始發聲的的時間(之後的 T 皆為如此)。由以下式子得知： ｜t1’ - t2’｜=｜( T + t1 ) - ( T + t2 ) ｜=｜t1 - t2｜及為本實驗所需的時間差。利用減法將T 消除，便及為發聲器與感應器不必採取同步，此為本實驗目標以及優點之一。 2. 之後的公式推導中，實際由感應器開始感應到感應器接收到訊號的時間中，表示為t1、t2、t3……以此類推。 像是市面上販售的反射式測距器由於其直線性的限制，在我們可負擔的情況下，就只能做一維的測量，而在本實驗中，我們使用多個感應器，而可測量至二、三維空間，並使測出的物體由相對位置轉為絕對位置。再加上正在計劃中的測量儀器改良與自製，例如利用電腦的音效卡接上麥克風或是其他感測器，以及電子零件、電路的組合與設計。而在於一般的實際應用面上可配合工業的破壞性檢測，甚至是橋樑的斷裂處、各種振源的測量，亦或是人員的搶救，都應有不錯的效果與利用價值。 1.The major design of experiment is to spot the location of an object by experiment, calculating and discussing of such figures like the transmission speed of the waver (especially sound wave), plus time value of the receptor and so on to get the result. 2.In practice, the ordinary measuring method has to be implemented under the circumstance of synchrony: however, the distinguishing characteristic in the experiment is to overcome such restriction with the use of the “time lapse” concept. 3.The reflecting measuring instrument on the market is limited by its “straight-line characteristic.” Instead, we use multiple sensors to spot the absolute location of an object in its 1-D, 2-D, 3-D form. 4.We have now been working on the improvements of the measuring instruments, for instance, using sound cards to connect to the microphone to make a new sensor; also, the redesign and combination of other electric parts and circuits are also under construction. 5. We plan to apply the experiment not only in spotting the location of an object but also in further spotting the location of vibration coming from various objects (e.g. in the use of rescue).

本篇文章從＂將aⁿ+bⁿ分解成（a+b）及ab的非線性組合＂出發，在同樣的遞迴精神下引進並定義擬-Lucas多項式 ＜Sn (X)>：

When we were learning about organic compounds at school ,there was a unit discussing the isomers of alkane .Our teacher made us practice drawing all the structural formula of the isomers from hexane to nonane .We were much interested in the subject .However ,we often missed or duplicated some isomers .Thus , we began to think if it is possible to find a way by developing programs to let the computer calculate the exact number of the isomers of alkane . After discussion ,we set up a complete coding system .We numbered the isomers in the way that computers could decode and then wrote them in C language. Through computer execution ,the numbers of the isomers from C1 to C20 all match those on the reference website. According to the same concept , we also find a way to calculate the number of alkane with one substituted group . In the future,our goal will be focused on the research of multi- substituted alkane and cyclokane. In addition , the ionic crystal accumulation model are so variable. Take the double face-centered accumulation of NaCl for example, when the ion pairs are extended to the infinity , the potential energy of attractive field will approach a constant which is named as the Madelung Constant. We also managed to write a computer program with C language to approach this convergence with three models, including cube , octahedron , and sphere . The result turned out to be that the data of the sphere was less stable . In the other two models , when “n” is up to 43 layers , the data is identical with that on the reference website to the eight decimal point . 在學校裡學習有機化合物有關烷類異構物這個單元，老師讓我們練習畫出己烷~壬烷的所有異構物結構式，這引起我們極大的興趣！但常一不小心就漏掉或多出幾個，我們開始思考：能不能找到一個方法並設計成程式，讓電腦執行以找出烷類異構物？經過討論，我們建立了一套完整的編碼系統，將各異構物以電腦可解讀的方式編號，並以C 語言寫成程式。透過電腦執行，各碳數化合物自C1至C20都與參考網站吻合。依相同觀念，我們也設計出烷類含一個取代基的異構物數目。將來努力的目標為：多取代基及環烷類之研究！另外，離子晶體堆積模型變化多端，以NaCl 雙面心堆積為例，其引力場位能，當離子對延伸至無限大時，這個值將趨近於一個常數，又稱為馬德隆常數。我們嘗試以C 語言設計電腦程式，用三種模型（正立方體、正八面體、圓球）來逼近並求得這個收斂值。執行結果是：圓球數據較不穩定；而另二種模型到n=43 層以上，其數值大小與參考網路上的數值，在小數點以下8 位完全相同。

2001、2002 年監測資料被用以探討風場、時間、地形對臭氧傳輸影響。完成沿海地區與盆地內各二次採樣分析，探討各污染物與風場之垂直變化，及地面臭氧分布與風場變化。結果顯示各月份與全年之日間，其相對濕度與O3 相關度最高，日照次之。提高濕度，最能抑制[O3]。夜間NO 與O3 的相關度最高，濕度次之。臭氧事件日時：(1).11:00 即可產生高臭氧，(2).沿海地區在臭氧事件日仍保持低[O3]， (3).盆地效應改變風場，使近山地區[O3]居高不下，(4).因處O3 不斷被吹入，沿海地區傍晚時之[O3]下降速度減緩。臭氧事件日之O3 生成速率R 與消失速率常數L 被求出，其中14:00 後之R 與L 值均由正值轉負值，顯示大氣反應型式明顯轉變。R 與L 值在14:00∼15:00 間最小，係因O3 反應生成光化學煙霧所致。16:00 後另一低R 與L 值，則可能導因O3 與微粒或水份反應。分析結果顯示：(1).污染物會隨高程而略增，最高濃度在300∼500 m 處，(2).各高程大氣均可分析出73 種主要HC，其隨高度之分布被繪出與探討，(3).低層大氣會有較多低分子量HC，而高層大氣則有較多高分子量HC。結果亦顯示： (1).盆地內[O3]、[NO]與[NO2]不僅較沿海地區高，且於各高程之變動亦較大，(2).沿海地區THC、烷、烯類均較高，且隨高程增加而增高，但在盆地內則相反，(3).二地區各高程之鹵化物、芳香族、氧化物與其他有機物之平均濃度相近，但沿海地區之濃度變動較大。探討O3 之二傳輸現象獲知：(1).風吹向盆地內時，[O3]隨風向遞增，R 與L 會由12:00 之正值，轉為14:00 之負值；(2).風由盆地內外吹時，[O3] 隨風向遞減，R 與L 值提前於12:00 即為–202.561 與–1.621，但14:00 時R 與L 值增大為–76.411 與0.244， (3).風向並非決定[O3]的主要因素，地形與環境因素才是。實驗結果證實：(1).不同HC 會影響O3 之生成與消失，(2).改變[NO]o 對[O3]影響不大，但高[NO]會使得[O3]下降略緩，(3).降低HC 與[NOx]雖可使 [O3]略降，但提高濕度最能抑制[O3]，(4).在O3 的衰減量上，[O3]隨濕度增加而快速降低，但衰減率則隨[O3]o 的增加而降低。一個臭氧之統計模式被建立，臭氧與水反應速率常數與速率式也被求出。 The monitoring data were used to investigate the effect of surface wind, time, and terrain on the transformation of ozone. The sampling and the analysis in the coastal and in Taichung basin were completed. The vertical distribution of O3, NOX and HC and the different altitude wind were investigated. The contour of O3 and surface wind with 3D map were plotted. The results show that the correlation behaves relativity of relative humidity with ozone is the best, and solar radiation is the next. Enhancing environmental moisture can efficiently decrease ozone concentration. In each ozone event day are: (1) the high [O3] always starts from 11:00, (2) the ozone concentration on the coastal is always low due to the high humidity, (3) the high [O3] in the east of the basin is due to the basin effect which causes changes the surface wind, and (4) in the evening, the descend rate of [O3] in the coastal area is lower because ozone blows into the coastal area. The formation rate (R) and disappear rate constant (L) of the ozone event day were obtained. The values of R and L change from plus to minus before 14:00. The values of R and L are lower at 14:00∼15:00 due to the photochemical smog formation. And another lower R and L value before 16:00 may be due to ozone react with particle or water. The results of analysis indicate that: (1) the concentration increases with increasing altitude, and the maximum is at 300∼500 m height, (2) 73 kinds of hydrocarbons were identified, and the concentration variation with altitude was also investigated, and (3) most of low molecular weight HC are at lower altitude, otherwise high molecular weight HC are at higher altitude. The results also show that: (1) [O3], [NO], and [NO2] on the basin are not only lower than on the coastal, but also their variability of concentration are big, (2) THC, paraffins, and olefins on the coastal are higher than on the basin, and the concentrations increase with increasing altitude on the coastal, but on the basin is decreasing, (3) the average concentrations of halides, aromatics, oxides, and others are similar on both area, but concentration variability on the coastal is obvious. Two types of O3 transformation was investigated, the phenomenon indicts that: (1) when wind blew into the basin, [O3] increased with wind direction. The value of R and L change from positive (12:00) to negative (14:00); (2) when wind blew out of the basin, [O3] decreased with wind direction. The more small value of R (−202.561) and L (−1.621) appeared at 12:00 earlier. But the value of R and L will become bigger to –76.411 and 0.244; (3) ozone concentration does not just dependent on wind direction., topography and surrounding conditionsa are more important effect. The experimental results show that: (1) ozone formation or disappearance depends on different HC, (2) the effect 2 of [NO]o is small for ozone photochemical reaction, but [O3] decreases with increasing [NO], (3) the descend rate of O3 depends on high humidity more than different kinds of HC or [NO], and (4) the descend amount of ozone increases with increasing humidity strongly, and the descend rate of ozone decreases with enhancing [O3]o. A statistical model was developed. The reaction rate and rate constant of ozone reaction with water were also obtained.

The purpose of our experiment is to analysis a specific ring shaped airplane called 'Round Wing' to know its characteristic. We've done several experiments to find its characteristics.\r First, Unlike other airplanes, Round Wing needs little time to recover its stability by comparing duration of flight.\r Second, as the eccentricity of the ring increase from 0.5 to 0.95, the stability and duration of flight are increased too. Also the size of body increase 1, 2, 3 times, the duration of flight is increased to 184%, 204%, 222%.\r Third, when Round Wings are attached each other by 2, 3, 4 they flew with high stability than before and stayed in the air much longer.\r Conclusion, Round Wing has unique characteristic (like high stability, and long duration of flight). And if additional power plant added, it can stay in the air very long. Also it can be used for leisure, patrol, broadcasting, and geological purposes.

本次研究利用Web Sevrice軟體系統和Microsoft SQL Server的全文搜尋(Full-Text search)並藉由使用者選擇的圖片組合排列從系統資料庫中檢索比對，篩檢出正確或者最相似的餐點。Web Service 是建立於網際網路上之系統架構，且為一個具開放性、分散式的軟體元件，其基礎建立在HTTP、XML、SOAP、WSDL和UDDI等標準協定上，此研究即是透過Web Service系統與資料庫伺服器的連結進行。很多數位化資訊是以沒有結構化的文字資料，存成純文字檔及格式化的文件。這一類的文字資料儲存在檔案系統，而許多組織現在將這一類資料儲存到關聯式資料庫。這樣做就可以廣泛利用資料庫的好處-包括高效能存取、查詢能力、對使用者而言簡單的應用程式使用者介面，以及安全的遠端存取、查詢能力、對使用者而言簡單的應用程式使用者介面，以及安全的遠端存取。運用此功能即可在配對完成時搜尋最佳的結果並加以排名。「打破語言隔閡-以圖點餐之數位餐廳 」不只消除語言隔閡，更讓點餐手續方便許多，並讓錯誤的可能性降低。另外圖片資料庫的增減簡單快速、介面明瞭易懂。希望這些應用及創新能讓人們用餐方便及餐廳事業蓬勃發展。This research uses Web Service software system and Microsoft SQL Server. To choose the correct or the most similar meals by checking the combination and arrangement of the pictures chosen by users form the system data banks. Web-Service is a system structure establishes at the Internet. And its an open, dispersed software part. Its foundation is established at the standard agreement of HTTP,XML,SOAP,WSDL, and UDDI. The research proceeds by linking Web Service system and data-bank server lots of digital data are stored as words files and stylization documents without any structural words data. This kid of ward data are stored at file system, and many organized systems now store them at connected data banks. By doing this, people can make the most advantage of data banks- including efficient access, inquiry abilities, simple applies user’ interface, and safe remote access. People can find the best results and place them when this function finishes matching. It can not only eliminate language barriers but also make order procedure more convenient. It can also lower the mistake possibilities. In addition, we can increase or decrease pictures of data banks easily and fast. We can make the interface understood easily. We hope the applications and innovations can make it more convenient for people to order meals. And the business of restaurant can be developed successfully.

Steroid hormones are very important for physiological homeostasis, but some functions of steroids are still unclear during embryonic development. Embryonic cell movements are required forming embryonic body. Recently, there is already known Pregeneolone (P5) which could affect epiboly movement of zebrafish embryos is the first product of the steroidogenesis pathway, but effects of further downstream products on epiboly movement are unknown. In order to know this, we treat embryos with Pregnenolone (P5), 17α-Hydroxypregnenolone (17OH-P5), DHEA, Progesterone (P4), 17α-Hydroxyprogesterone (17OH-P4), 11-Deoxycortisol (D), or Testosterone (T). We found out that P5 can accelerate epiboly movement, 17OH-P5 and D have no significant effects on it, and DHEA, P4, 17OH-P4, and T can decelerate it. These results indicated that steroids play important roles on embryonic epiboly movement in zebrafish. 類固醇荷爾蒙對生理平衡很重要，但其對於胚胎發育的影響仍舊不明。胚胎個體的形成需要胚胎細胞進行不同的移動排列。目前研究已知類固醇荷爾蒙生合成機制的第一個產物pregnenolone (P5)對斑馬魚胚胎epiboly 移動有影響，但其它更下游的類固醇荷爾蒙對epiboly移動的影響仍然未知。為了了解類固醇其他下游產物對魚卵早期細胞移動的影響，將胚胎處理Pregnenolone (P5) 、17α-Hydroxypregnenolone (17OH-P5) 、DHEA 、Progesterone (P4) 、17α-Hydroxyprogesterone (17OH-P4)、11-Deoxycortisol (D)、Testosterone (T)，發現17OH-P5、D對epiboly 的移動沒有影響，而DHEA、P4、17OH-P4、T 會使其變慢。這些結果說明了類固醇對胚胎細胞的移動扮演著重要角色。