全國中小學科展

三等獎

探討吸菸調控絲胺酸合成路徑影響肺癌生長及抗藥性

肺癌為全球死亡率最高的癌別之一。抽菸,肺癌的主要危險因子,臨床上造成抗癌藥效不佳並導致病患的低存活率與不良預後。然而,抽菸影響肺癌的機制仍不清楚。代謝重整最近被視為是癌症的新興特點。絲胺酸合成路徑為葡萄糖代謝的分支之一,參與生物合成材料之製造,並和癌症的惡化有密切的關連性,但缺乏詳細的相關研究。本研究探討抽菸是否透過影響絲胺酸合成路徑來導致肺癌生長,並測試絲胺酸合成路徑抑制劑是否能增強化療藥物吸菸相關肺癌細胞的治療效果。我們的研究發現,抽菸和絲胺酸合成路徑在肺癌中有正相關性且與臨床上的低存活率有關,並證實抽菸調控絲胺酸合成路徑而促進肺癌生長與化療抗性,此現象可因合併給予絲胺酸合成路徑抑制劑而獲得緩解。此研究成果顯示抑制絲胺酸合成路徑可能成為治療吸菸相關肺癌的新策略。

發光基團與巴克球作為二氧化碳還原光觸媒之研究

本研究使用巴克球C60或巴克球衍生物PC61BM作為主催化劑,發光基團DTBT作為副催化劑,製成混摻催化劑並調控各種變因,進行光催化二氧化碳還原反應,期許能設計催化效果最佳之有機光觸媒,達到開發再生能源與減緩溫室效應之目標,甚至應用於殺菌與分解汙染物等其他方面。 利用氣相層析儀進行二氧化碳還原產物之定性及定量分析,目前產物以一氧化碳為主、甲烷為輔,主、副催化劑混摻之產率優於單一催化劑,主催化劑選用PC61BM優於選用C60,DTBT與PC61BM混摻莫耳比為1:1時一氧化碳的產率最佳,而莫耳比為2:1時甲烷產率較佳。若在反應瓶中添加氫氣或增加水量,皆有助於提高甲烷的產率。在製程中添加奈米銀製成三元混摻元件,可大幅提升產率,是未來研究方向。

Fabrication and Characterization of Biological Electrospinning Nanofiber Scaffold Based on Cellulose Diacetate-Gelatin-Green Tea for Tissue Engineering Applications

Tissue engineering has developed novel therapies such as many types of wound dressings, bio-pads, scaffolds and bandages, in order to reduce the effects of deep and extensive skin wounds. Here, we have produced an electrospun nanofiber scaffold, based on biodegradable materials such as gelatin (as a natural and hydrophilic polymer) and cellulose diacetate (with optimal biodegradability), in order to increase wound healing using nanotechnology. We also used green tea extract for its anti-oxidant and anti-bacterial effect, to improve the biological properties of the scaffold. In the fabrication process, two polymer solutions: 1. Gelatin (with acetic acid solvent) and 2. Cellulose Diacetate (with acetone solvent) mixed with green tea extract, were prepared. Then they were spun using a two-nozzle electrospinner to produce a hybrid nanofiber scaffold. SEM images showed enough finesse and uniformity of the produced scaffold to simulate the extracellular matrix. Further, measuring the contact angle of water droplet and the web surface, indicated optimal hydrophilicity of the nanofiber scaffold, which controls the level of scaffold degradability and cell adhesion. Also, the results of antibacterial tests for two bacterial strains (E. coli and S. aureus) showed the antibacterial characteristics of the extract-containing scaffold. In addition to previous tests, evaluation of fibroblast morphology on the nanofiber scaffolds, indicated appropriate cell adhesion and expansion, that confirms the biocompatibility of this produced scaffold.

Machine-learning assisted antibiotic detection and categorization using bacterial arrays

隨著抗生素的廣泛使用,抗生素殘留的問題日益嚴重。為此,本研究建立了一個稱作細菌陣列固相分析(BacSPA)的方法來檢測和分類樣品中的抗生素。本研究將15個在質體中植入生物冷光的大腸桿菌液,點在與11種不同的抗生素混合的固相培養基上,濃度為1.5 ppm。不同的抗生素會刺激細菌,使其產生特定的生物冷光變化圖形。將圖形以延時攝影紀錄,並以機器學習演算法中的多重決策樹系訓練抗生素分類模型。得到的最佳模型能在三小時內,以90%分類抗生素的類別。再對該方法進一步測試,以區分不同濃度的抗生素。最終模型能將濃度從125 到1000 ppb的八種抗生素進行分類,其準確率大多高於70%。在未來,我們希望能建立更多不同濃度、不同組合的抗生素發光圖形資料庫,以擴大此方法的應用範圍。這無疑為人們檢測與分類食品與環境樣品中的抗生素殘留,提供了一個很好的方法。

二元3平衡n字串之排列數探討

本研究旨在探討由0與1組成長度為n的二元字串中滿足000-子字串數和111-子字串數相同(稱為平衡)之排列方法數。我們分成3個部分來探討:一、首先我們利用程式計算二元3平衡n字串和二元3非平衡n字串的個數,並觀察在不同n值下,平衡與非平衡字串個數之規律性;二、接著我們發現非平衡字串個數在000-子字串和111-子字串之差值為一固定形式時,不同長度之字串符合個數會形成一階差數列,我們對此猜測提出證明並嘗試利用此性質推導出二元 3 平衡 n 字串個數之一般式;三、最後探討二元 3 平衡 n 字串個數之成長速度,推論當 n 值極大時,二元 3 平衡 n+1 字串的個數大約為二元 3 平衡 n 字串的個數的2倍。同時,我們也將3平衡推廣至r平衡,提出一些相關的結果。

雙球系統垂直震盪之探討

觀察一置於平面上互相連接之兩鐵球,在給定一初始角速度後會有一球體離開平面產生仰角的現象。本研究探討此現象並提出相關解釋。經由實驗發現系統傾斜角度與系統角速度有顯著的影響,且此傾斜角度亦表現出震盪之特性。透過觀察系統運動模式,更發現現象與圓球系統相關參數有密切關聯,藉由攝影並分析系統各項物理數據,進而推導出牛頓力學與拉格朗日力學理論模型並驗證所設的想法,解釋系統穩定抬起與震盪的現象。

Sunprints in the sky

Revealing fascinating and educating concepts in a field of astronomy usually requires expensive equipment. Therefore, most schools have very little practical equipment to teach astronomy. I wanted to investigate the Sun’s track using a simple apparatus that can be afforded by many schools instead of using an expensive one.

Dependence of Alloy Composition in Color Change of Brass Foil by Oxide Thin Layer Formation

It is known that copper foil undergoes a color change in heating by oxide thin layer formation. Therefore, we focused on the color change by the oxidation of brass foil. Brass foil (Akaguchi (Cu87%Zn13% alloy) and Aoguchi (Cu85%Zn15% alloy)) also undergoes color change by oxidation, and it shows heating time and temperature dependence. Brass foil need longer heating time to appear color change than copper foil, and we can visually confirm that the brass has corrosion resistant. In addition, color change of brass foil depends on the percentage of copper in the brass, and Aoguchi shows rapidly color change in same heating condition. We show that brass has different physical properties than copper, even with a high percentage of copper in brass, and this was verified through comparison using diffusion length and RGB data in Aoguchi and Akaguchi. We demonstrate these colored brass foils are used as art materials, and our results expanded material using possibility of brass foil.

渾「圓」有「定」—從七圓定理到雙心六圓的性質探討與推廣

本研究將從七圓定理出發,探討點、線、圓的各種變化與推廣,試圖改變切圓個數,探討共點的存在性;更進一步推廣「與兩內離圓分別均外切與內切的六個環切圓」之雙心六圓,探討其共點、共線、共圓及共圓錐曲線等性質;研究有驚人的發現「當六個環切圓旋轉時,其各類對應點連線之共點必為定點,且各類共定點之對應共線恆為固定不變。」推廣至不同個數的環切圓時亦成立。當兩內離圓推廣至兩外離圓或是一圓一線時,亦發現其諸線共點、諸點共線、諸點共圓、諸點共圓錐曲線等性質必成立。當雙心六圓由平面推廣至立體情形,亦發現其共點、共線、共圓、共圓錐曲線的特殊變化。

大姬蛛不規則網之拓撲探究

蜘蛛網在生態學上最成功的在於出色的力學性能、強度、韌性、彈性和堅固性。蜘蛛網的結構從序列設計到蛛網架構都是屬於分層結構。因應不同環境,蜘蛛因環境變化調整蜘蛛網架構。利用GeoGebra軟體分析大姬蛛三維(3D)立體不規則網及拓撲學結構,並以數學幾何方式繪製出蛛網立體架構。 蛛網架構分為:主網、立體次級架構、牽引絲及支架。結網的過程為:牽引絲→主網→次級架構→支架。依照環境不同,蛛網類型區分為三角體、輻射型及吊帶型。蛛網的穩固性:輻射型(n=11)>三角體型(n=9)>吊帶型(n=8)。內部的主網分成12種拓撲學形狀,其中以稜椎體(29%)比例為最高。依網高指數及支架的有無,蛛網的結網方式:包覆式、紮營式以及倚靠式結法。網的功能依照蛛網上的卵囊有無做為區分,有卵囊蛛網為保護功能,無則為獵食功能。設計的三種環境實驗箱,都結出相對應的蛛網類型。