全國中小學科展

三等獎

肘節式駐腳架

我媽媽體重只有38公斤,每次她在牽機車一直在抱怨車子好重,媽媽因為個子很矮,只有150公分,而且她每次又喜歡穿高跟鞋,所以每次在騎機車、牽機車,而且她又怕車子cc數太小容易被風吹倒,自己又喜歡騎150cc的機車(機車重量一般為70kg~250kg),每次牽機車時自己還常常牽到跌倒,跌倒曾經有一次跌到骨折住院(技術真差!),或每天在喊著關節痛、腰酸背痛,我對我媽媽的行為都感到很辛苦,機車有那麼重嗎?結果我自己牽才知道有那麼重,所以我一直在想,在媽媽的抱怨,體重38公斤、身高150公分這麼瘦弱的女孩子,又騎著150cc的機車,說真的機車的腳架對她來講受力實在太大,所以我一直在想怎麼去設計一個機車腳架,可以讓媽媽不再那麼痛苦、不再有那麼多的抱怨!甚至穿高跟鞋也很好用,所以我一直在想機車腳架怎麼去使用它,直到機械科二年級我上了機件原理裡面有解說機構,我想所有的機車駐車架都是用力矩原理,那為什麼我們不在力矩原理再加上使用肘節機構(Toggle mechanism),因為機件原理講肘節機構是最省力,肘節機構當它形成一直線的時候力量最大,所以我利用高職所學的所有的東西來設計肘節機構設計一個省力的機車腳架,使媽媽不再痛苦、讓媽媽很輕易的就把機車立起來,這就是我的設計---- 肘節式(Toggle mechanism)駐車架。

Development of Models for Performance Index (PI) and Score Index(SI) of Individual players based on 5 European Soccer Leagues

Most football managers are not aware of the need for analysis of soccer data, which is one of the dynamic sports. In this study, we developed a statistical model with performance indicators and score indicators of individual soccer player based on various event data including dynamic features such as goal, assist, pass, etc. In this study, the correlation between the dependent variables and the explanatory variables, and each explanatory variable was confirmed through the correlation analysis to solve the problem of multiple communicability from the regression model and to analyze the statistically significant preliminary model. In addition, we analyzed the correlation between individual rating of the players and the data recorded in the soccer games, and found that there has been a problem with the rating of the soccer players evaluated by the reporters and the soccer statistics site. To solve this problem, we developed a model that best fit the performance indicators of individual soccer player using the linear regression model and the beta regression model. The performance index model of the athletes was developed by comparing the R-squared value and the mean absolute percentage error of two models, the linear regression model and the beta regression model, and found out the beta regression model is better model to use. By using the estimated regression coefficients of the regression model we made new PI model. Score Index, which is the attractive point of soccer, was developed by comparing Poisson regression model and negative binomial regression model based on AIC value, and the one using negative binomial regression model was found to be better. Through the model developed by this study, it is possible to collect the event data recorded by individual athletes for each soccer game, and obtain the PI & SI index which are the athlete performance index models. This allows us to evaluate each team's players objectively, analyze the team's deficiencies, and provide tools to find players, who can fill in the missing positions of the teams. This study can also be utilized to grasp the performance of athlete in real time by simulating the resultative model.

Novel Biotechnological Approach for Recognition and Purification of Antibody: Lectin Affinity Membranes

Immunoglobulin G is a glycoprotein structured molecule that is produced by the immune system and protects organism from harmful effects of antigens. Ig G amount in the blood plasma is an appropriate indicator of; infection, cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, Alzheimer and other autoimmune diseases. Besides, purification of Ig G used in the treatment of these diseases from naturel sources is carried out at high costs on the World market. It is hard to obtain Ig G in high amounts and without any decomposes, that’s why it is important to develop new systems that will help to recognize and purify Ig G antibody. In this project, my purpose was; recognizing Ig G antibody with efficient, high amounted, fast, easily, with less toxicity, economically and purifying Ig G in high ratios from its natural sources. For this purpose p(HEMA-EDMA) membranes are synthesized with free radical photo polymerization method and characterized according to SEM images, swelling behaviors FTIR analysis and elemental analysis. In order to adsorb Ig G to polymeric membranes; polymeric membranes are activated with silanization agent (IMEO) and derivatized with Con A which is a lectin affinity ligand. In the SEM results it is examined that membranes are in spherical structures. Highest swelling value is determined as 224.8%.Binding of IMEO was demonstrated with FTIR and Elemental Analysis. Optimum conditions for Ig G adsorption to membranes are; 1.5 mg/ml initial Ig G concentration, 30 minutes of adsorption time, pH 4 citrate buffer 37 0C and without any different ion strength. Optimum adsorption capacity is determined as 253.8 mg/cm2 and it is also determined that this value is 7 times higher than nonspecific Ig G adsorption to p(HEMA-EDMA) membranes. Ig G adsorption-desorption cycles (5 times) proved that product is reusable without losing its adsorption capacity. According to the electrophoresis, Ig G could be desorbed in pure form without any denaturation to its structure.

除油利器,天然的最好 -- 環境中具降解油汙能力之微生物研究

目前研究的嗜油菌主要是分解石油(碳氫化合物),不過從生活中所排出的油(三酸甘油酯),也是一大污染源。本研究目的為篩選可分解三酸甘油酯之微生物,並探討其特性及降解油污的能力。從有油污的環境分離出三種對於日常生活中的油污具降解效果的菌株,利用16S ribosomal RNA gene進行菌種分析鑑定為Ralstonia sp.TFD41、Pseudomonas putida strain II-B、Sphingomonas sp.NC110。Ralstonia sp.TFD41較佳的生長環境為30℃、pH8,偏鹼,革蘭氏陰性菌;Pseudomonas putida strain II-B較佳的生長環境為30℃、pH6-10,偏鹼,革蘭氏陰性菌;Sphingomonas sp. NC110最佳生長環境為30℃、pH4-8,偏酸,革蘭氏陰性菌。而菌種在炸時越長的油中生長情形越差。而在家庭污水中的生長菌數最多的為Sphingomonas sp.NC110M。放入1000ppm油的培養基中,以Sphingomonas sp.NC110的降解油污的能力為最佳、Ralstonia sp.TFD41的降解速度最快。在家庭汙水中Ralstonia sp.TFD41 + Pseudomonas putida strain II-B的生長狀況最穩定。未來預期能培養嗜油菌,將其放回環境中,降解環境中的油汙,以減少油汙對於環境的汙染,還給生物乾淨的生活環境。

磁性流體在外加磁場下之有序結構與光學研究

本實驗乃研究超順磁性流體薄膜在通入垂直場後磁顆粒的動力學過程,以及排列的結構、磁鍊的幾何性質。我們使用了兩種創新的方法,分別是改良傳統磁性流體製造方法,避免磁性流體因凝聚而造成干擾;另一個是除了以往以電場或顯微鏡探討磁鍊的性質,使用Rayleigh scattering以及光遮蔽的方法,以CCD量測雷射透射光強度的時變率,改變不同變因(磁場大小、磁性流體樣本厚度、磁性流體濃度),由於其結構性質影響了透射光強度,故分析透射光強度與諸變因間的關係,並與顯微鏡下的觀察結果比較,做出磁致散射動力學過程詮釋。

Utilization of Starch for production of plastic-like material

The research is based on the production of biodegradable plastic-like material by only using household materials. Also, it can be made at home and it causes no harm to the environment. The biodegradable plastic-like materials made by different ratio of amylose, amylopectin, glycerol and water has different use. The finished product has smooth surface, highly transparency and well flexibility. Also, it can support strong load and be able to be deformed under stress. Ratios of components are tested on: 1. Easy to injection mold 2. Flexibility 3. Tensile strength and ductility & 4. Water resistance. It is found that the ratio of tapioca starch: glycerol: water = 1.5: 0.5: 9 can withstand 13N of force and 1.5: 0.93: 9 with high ductility. To improve water resistance, more amylopectin should be added to amylose. The best water resistance ratio is glutinous rice flour: tapioca starch: glycerol: water = 0.6:0.91:0.5:9 can withstand 16N force, while 0.6:0.91: 0.93:9 and 1.35:0.16: 0.5:9 with high ductility. All materials are available in supermarkets. Higher ratio of tapioca starch can produce bookmark, with laminate effect. More tough, higher ratio of glutinous rice flour can make cups, spoons and dishes.

潘朵拉的正鑲嵌圖塗色秘密

本研究探討正凸多邊形正則鑲嵌及阿基米德鑲嵌,在限制每一格相鄰格子中至多(或至少)有 格被塗色的情形下的最大(或最小)塗色格子數問題。研究利用塗色格子位於邊線角落、非角落的邊線、鑲嵌內部的共用邊數差異、及與塗色格子總數間的限制條件,採用賦值法解析塗色格子數的最小上界或最大下界。接著建構具最大(或最小)塗色格子數的塗色方式,以歸納法推導塗色格子數,證明其與賦値法解析結果相同,證得存在該塗色格子數。研究結果可應用至貼磚或印染鑲嵌圖案設計、LED點燈遊戲設計、供給-需求組合配置最佳化、LED廣告面板或色差控制等。

Understanding the Modern Diagnoses of Protein C Deficiency "Pcd" with Unknown Gene Plays a Critical Role in the Inherited Thrombophilia

Protein C deficiency (PCD) is found in 1 out of 200 to 500 persons in the general global population which is also one of the common conditions of Inherited thrombophilia, it’s characterized by an increased tendency of blood to clot in human blood vessels. It is caused by several factors including mutations in the genes involved in thrombin binding, protein c activation and numerous clotting factors. This includes F5 (Factor 5 Leiden) gene on chromosome 1q24.2, F7 (Prothrombin) gene on chromosome 13q34, SERPINC1 (serpin peptidase inhibitor C) on chromosome 1q25.2, SERPIND1 (serpin peptidase inhibitor D) on chromosome 22q11.21, HRG (Histidine Rich Glycoprotein) on chromosome 3q27.3, PLAT (Plasminogen Activator) on chromosome 8q11.21 and THBD (Thrombomodulin) gene on chromosome 20p11.21. In the current study, a three Saudi families with inherited thrombophilia has been recruited to identify the underlying cause of this special condition. Whole exome sequencing, targeting all coding exons of the human genome, was performed using Illumina Nextera library preparation kits followed by paired-end sequencing on Illumina NextSeq500 instrument. Reads quality control was performed and reads were aligned to the reference genome using BWA software. Variants calling and annotation was performed using GATK. All known genes involved in causing inherited thrombophilia All known genes involved in causing PCD were excluded by whole exome sequencing. The genes that were previously reported to be involved in inherited thrombophilia were checked for any causative variant. No mutation has been identified in known genes. identifying a novel gene underlying PCD. The Result of this study will hopefully pave the way to better understanding the disease pathophysiology and help in developing DNA based diagnosis, carrier screening and somatic gene therapy.

一個不定方程q=a2+b2+c2/1+ab+bc+ac整數解的探討

實驗探討奈米氣泡水溶液的物理性質

將氮、氧、二氧化碳等三種氣體,分別注入水中成為飽和水溶液,將氣體水溶液分裝入塑膠試管中,用超音波洗淨儀以42kHz的頻率振動,可形成奈米氣泡水溶液。利用奈米粒徑及界面電位量測儀測量氣泡的尺寸以及界面電位後,作實驗探討不同尺寸的奈米氣泡對水溶液的磁性、表面張力、折射率、黏滯係數、以及擴散係數等物理性質的影響。 實驗得知:(1)氮和二氧化碳的奈米氣泡的尺寸愈小,水溶液受到的磁力愈大,氧氣則相反。(2)三種氣體水溶液的表面張力都是奈米氣泡尺寸愈小,表面張力愈小。(3)三種氣體水溶液的折射率都是奈米氣泡尺寸愈小,折射率愈大。(4)三種氣體水溶液的黏滯係數都是奈米氣泡尺寸愈小,黏滯係數愈小,110nm的二氧化碳奈米氣泡使水的黏滯係數降低38.8%。(5)三種氣體水溶液都會阻止甘油在水中的擴散,使其擴散係數變小。