三等獎

近年來氣候變遷的加劇使生活於地球的人類面臨了空前的挑戰，此次研究將以長期觀測數據深入探討近年受到科學家重視的「平流層瞬時暖化(SSW)」對於大氣的影響性，及與「北極震盪(AO)」的相關性。在此次研究利用NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis資料，分析了1991~2012年間發生SSW期間的大氣參數。我們從資料中發現自2000年起至2010年，緯向平均風場於SSW期間皆發生代表主要暖化的方向反轉，打破以往每2~3年發生一次主要暖化的頻率，顯示近年來主要暖化發生的頻率增加。另外，我們發現SSW對於對流層及地面皆有一定影響程度，從垂直風場的分析中發現SSW高峰日後，北美地區東岸垂直氣流連續一週皆呈現向下，導致溫度因為絕熱壓縮而增加，而地面的緯流指數(Zonal Index)也在此時呈現下降趨勢，表示此時緯向環流的強度正在減弱(即為北極震盪負相位)，最後將出現極區氣溫上升、中低緯度氣溫下降的現象。

根據西方文獻造成狐臭的原因之一是因為Staphylococcus 將汗液中的白胺酸(leucine)代謝產生異戊酸(isovaleric)，散發出臭味，但台灣人的狐臭菌是否與西方人類似則較少被探討。 本研究透過好氧和厭氧的篩選方式篩出的優勢腋下菌種以Staphylococcus epidermidis、Staphylococcus haemolyticus、Staphylococcus lugdunensis、Micrococcus luteus、Staphylococcus aureu 為主，與國外研究結果略有不同。在Gas Chromatography (GC，氣相層析儀) 檢測結果發現以上菌種中能將白胺酸轉換成異戊酸，效果最好的菌是Staphylococcus lugdunensis，推測Staphylococcus lugdunensis為造成狐臭主因。 由結果推測，異戊酸只是臭味的一部分，未來可以藉由分析汗液成分與腋下菌的產物來找出導致狐臭的其他原因，找出更完整的腋下作用機制及更好改善狐臭的方法。

Pediatric cancer has an incidence rate of more than 175,000 per year with a mortality rate of approximately 96,000 per year. One major cause of this problem is late diagnosis. A novel promising way of pediatric cancer screening is handwriting analysis. This method surpasses other methods by detecting pediatric cancer in a very early stage. However, studies are still limited to manual analysis which needs an expert and a long period of time. The aim of this project is to design a computer program to extract handwriting features and build a classification model to classify the user as patient or as control. Dataset was collected from schools and hospitals where all participants could read and write in English. After data cleansing, number of samples was 440 samples. MATLAB (Matrix Laboratory) program was used for extracting geometric features in handwriting. Program was validated using a subset of 50 samples of the dataset. WEKA Package was used to test and build the classifier. Experiments were done using classifiers: Logistic, Multilayer Perceptron, J48, LibSVM, AdaBoostM1 and Naïve Bayes. Best subset of attributes was evaluated and used for each classifier and all calculations were done as the average of cross validation operations of several folds assignments. Best performance was achieved by Logistic classifier with average accuracy of 80.15%, standard deviation of 0.43% and Matthews's correlation coefficient of 0.59. Finally, this project presents a new fast, free, ready, easy and psychologically comfortable method for pediatric cancer detection while keeping suitable accuracy for mass screening.

為了解黃斑黑蟋蟀左翅在上變異型的遺傳性狀是否可以經人擇選種過程加以保留，以此探討其在族群內遺傳特性及其存活的指標。材料來自國家地理紀錄片中介紹的台南新化蟋蟀養殖場。在養殖場進行採樣調查黃斑黑蟋蟀的左翅位置比例，結果約佔2%，與李俊康(2009)觀察標本的結果2.05%的比例極為相近。由此可見，在這種蟋蟀族群中不論標本或是活體，左翅在上蟋蟀確實存在只是仍為少數，同時發現雌蟲左翅在上變異型的個體，比例約為雄蟲的九倍。本研究希望透過遺傳及演化的觀點，來了解左翅在上變異型的個體，各部位型態學性狀在族群中存在的可能原因，以及蟋蟀族群中為何右翅在上的真相?並且能從其型態的參數，找出左翅在上仍然存在的原因。

Reduction of carbon dioxide is desired as an environmental problem of global warming. The study of generation of formic acid from carbon dioxide was performed under irradiation of ultra violet to photocatalyst. Ta2O5 could reduce carbon dioxide, but the band gap of Ta2O5 was 4.0 voltage. In this research, it was found that tantalum oxide / tantalum plate responds to visible radiation. Therefore, the reason of visible light response was examined. It was studied to make efficient tantalum oxide / tantalum plate.

根據我國警政署統計，現今由於汽車駕駛人或乘客因為開車門不慎而導致的車禍致傷或致死的悲慘案例幾乎天天都在發生，嚴重影響了道路行車安全，更造成寶貴人命的無謂損失以及社會成本的慘痛付出。本研究主要目的係針對防止此類車禍一再發生，利用超音波測距模組、Arduino晶片模組做為處理系統，除現有閃燈、蜂鳴等被動裝置外，加上了主動式阻尼制動器，主動防止車門在機車騎士經過時被推開，以達到避免這種意外一再發生的效益。本研究發現採用傳統液壓式阻尼器成效良好，但是近一步改採磁性流體填充之阻尼器之成效仍有待改進。

近年來許多研究顯示台北的大屯山底下可能存在岩漿庫，而最近一次的噴發可能約在5000年前，於是我們決定利用地球物理方法對大屯山做更進一步的了解。由於磁力測勘是了解火成岩區的重要工具，而且前人對大屯山的磁力探勘似乎著墨較少，所以我們決定使用磁力對大屯山進行測勘。測區包含了公路以及步道的部分，量取資料後，我們經過一些標準的程序得到磁力異常值，再利用極化修正將資料修正得更直觀，並用修正前後的資料繪出的圖與溫泉露頭、地表岩性等做比對。最後我們利用物理方法得到相對的居里點深度，希望能進一步了解大屯火山群的地熱活動。我們研究後認為：大屯山下方的居禮點深度較深，地熱活動較不活躍，而七星山到大油坑間的居禮點深度較淺，地熱活動則較旺盛，可能有岩漿庫存在。

本研究發展一套熱溶劑法合成鐵硒奈米超導體，並嘗試發展出新的元素摻雜方式。由此熱溶劑法所合成之鐵硒奈米超導體具有特殊的八邊形奈米片結構，除此之外更具有20K之超導臨界溫度。接著我們嘗試以吡啶溶液對奈米片進行插層的動作，雖然插層並不成功，但我們卻由此得知20K之超導臨界溫度是由鹼金屬的摻雜所促成。故我們調整熱溶劑法的反應環境，使得結晶與摻雜兩步驟在一反應系統中同時進行，透過此方法我們成功將更大量的鹼金屬摻雜至結構當中，且能以替換鹽類的方式來摻雜不同鹼金屬，由此方法所合成之鐵硒奈米片明顯具有比原先更高的超導臨界溫度，且仍保留原有的特殊八邊形結構。最後在改善量測的方式時我們更意外的發現較大的奈米片具有不同的物理性質，在磁性量測中約40K處有明顯的抗磁訊號產生，因此我們推測特殊的奈米片也有可能是影響超導臨界溫度的因素之一。而由於本研究在製成技術及樣品性質上皆有極令人耳目一新的突破，故可望在講求能源效率的今日有所貢獻。

當輕敲啤酒杯時，會發覺酒杯發出之聲調隨氣泡漸漸消失而有所改變。為了解氣泡是如何影響頻率，我測試了幾種含氣泡之飲料，以探討當氣泡漸漸消失時，杯子發聲頻率之變化。實驗發現杯子內飲料之氣泡漸漸消失時，裝啤酒與可樂杯子的發聲頻率逐漸增高，然而裝沙士杯子的頻率卻逐漸降低。為解開此相互矛盾的現象，我設計了將液面上之泡沫及液面下之氣泡分開檢驗的實驗。實驗結果發現，液體中氣泡的存在會使杯子發聲頻率變高。而當液體表面受到擾動時，會降低杯子的發聲頻率。若液面上存在泡沫時，杯子的發聲頻率也會變低。這表示裝盛含氣泡飲料杯子音律之變化，須同時考量液內含泡量與液體表面之效應。此結果可以成功的解釋為何啤酒、可樂與沙士於氣泡漸漸消失時，杯子頻率會變高或變低的現象。Tapping the side of a glass of beer as the bubbles escape, one can find that the pitch will change. In order to know how the bubbles would influence the frequency, I survey the pitches of a wine glass with various drinks that would generate bubbles. As bubbles getting away from the glass, my experimental data shows that the frequencies of the tone did get higher when the glass contains beer and coke. However, I surprisingly find a different result when the same glass contains sarsaparilla. Hence I design a series of experiments to understand the possible mechanism. The data suggests that when the drinks contain bubbles in it, the frequencies of the tones will be higher. When the liquid surfaces were disturbed, the frequencies of the tones will become lower. If there were foams above the liquid surfaces, the frequencies of the tones will also be lower. This finding proposes that people needs to consider both the bubble bulk status and surface effects. The consequences of the competitions between these two effects can successfully explain how the tones are changed in the cases of beer or sarsaparilla or coke.