全國中小學科展

四等獎

理論設計與高效率合成三吲哚衍生物應用於癌症標靶藥物 Theoretical Design and Highly Efficient Synthesis of Triindole Derivatives for Targeted Cancer Therapeutics

抗癌藥物的研究一直受到重視,吲哚(indole)衍生物可助抵擋自由基,而二吲哚(Di-indole)衍生物已成為抗癌劑。鈣離子/鈣調蛋白依賴性蛋白激酶 (Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II,CaMKII)之抑制劑為癌症標靶藥物重要研究方向之一,抑制CaMKII可降低各種癌細胞增殖和存活,但目前尚無CaMKII抑制劑藥物。本研究以三吲哚為主架構,發展衍生物作為CaMKII抑制劑,期望可應用於抗癌劑。電腦軟體Discovery Studio2016模擬各種三吲哚衍生物分子模型與CaMKII α(PDB: 2VZ6)之結合能,選出結合能較大之化合物3,並延伸結構/活性(SAR)最佳化,進行一系列高效率藥物合成純化工作。經由送測生物細胞活性,其中先導化合物(lead compound) 3-1對癌細胞之毒性高且對CaMKIIα的抑制效果佳,符合癌症治療上的需求,將繼續最佳化此結構,並進行細胞訊號傳送途徑及動物實驗。

Upcycling of Abandoned Beehives!!

Upcycling abandoned beehives to make new products can reuse the useful materials in old beehives and produce less trash. As known that bees leave their beehive in these following situations like insufficient replenishment, frequent unboxing and environmental issues. Then the beehive will be abandoned and will have no use left. In this project, a piece of honeycomb was collected from abandoned beehive and melted in order to extract beeswax. The potential of the extracted beeswax for replacing plastic to produce fillers of 3D pens was studied. Natural materials like seashell, rosin, soy bean and coffee ground were tested as ingredients of 3D printing materials. Finally, the potential of using extracted beeswax in 3D printing was confirmed. Beeswax has a low melting point at around 64°C and solidify quickly at room temperature. The high plasticity of this natural wax fulfills the criteria of 3D printing materials. Biodegradable wastes, like coffee grounds and soy bean grounds were tested as additives for reducing the beeswax content. Sea shell grounds were eliminated from the tested list as its filaments broke into small pieces of brittle fragments during the production process. 5% and 10% of these additives were the optimal formula for making long filaments. Yet, the thin filaments made by pure beeswax were not strong enough, filaments of selected beeswax-soy bean grounds were further strengthened by mixing with 5% or 10% rosin. Among the four different ratios of Beeswax: Soy bean grounds: Rosin (9:1:0.5 / 9:1:1 / 9.5:0.5:0.5 / 9.5:0.5:1), filaments in the ratio 9.5:0.5:0.5 demonstrated better flexibility, higher tensile strength and compressive strength, thus B9.5:S0.5:R0.5 was the final formula of biodegradable beeswax 3D filament.

正本「塑」源-探討河川塑膠微粒

基於對鄉土的關懷,我們選定高屏溪流域,來研究河川中塑膠微粒的尺寸大小和含量,透過光譜來了解塑膠微粒的材質。高屏溪流域是跨高雄及屏東地區最大的河流,我們共分為枯水期及豐水期來採水,比較不同季節之塑膠微粒類別,若以形狀區分:枯水期塑膠纖維最多,豐水期塑膠薄膜最多。若以尺寸區分:枯水期100~500μm的佔最多,豐水期25~100μm的佔最多。若以材質區分,枯水期含量最多分別是PE及PP,豐水期含量最多分別是PE及PET。若從顏色區分,大多是白色及透明為主要顏色。以上實驗結果可供主管機關列為重要監測參考,特別是國內少有研究單位或機構,在進行高屏溪流域塑膠微粒類別、含量之調查與研究,因此本研究重大發現為國內創舉深具意義,可供相關單位後續深究參考之價值性。

Utilization of Coffee Protein and its Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Properties for Biodegradable Active Packaging Membranes

隨著全球咖啡市場擴大,永續的咖啡生產成為必須探討的議題。咖啡生產過程中會產生大量富含蛋白質與抑菌成分的副產物和廢棄物,有潛力可做為膠膜和塗層的原料。本研究從生咖啡豆中萃取出粗蛋白質,將其與海藻酸鈉混合烘乾成膠膜,再進行抑菌與水果保鮮和水蒸氣阻隔測試。 由結果得知:咖啡豆蛋白膠膜液對大腸桿菌有抑制生長的效果。沒封膜的蘋果切片失水率 12.72%,有膠膜封口的失水率在 6.84%~8.47%,比沒封膜的失水率降低 46.5%~33.1%,顯示膠膜保水性佳,可提高保鮮效果。微波加熱試驗沒封膜的水蒸氣散失率為 2.45%,膠膜試驗組中最 低為 0.15%,比沒封膜的散失率降低 93%,顯示具有良好的水蒸氣阻隔性。 本研究結果顯示咖啡豆蛋白質膠膜有抑制大腸桿菌生長的效果和良好的氣體阻隔性,可作為可生物降解的食品包裝材料,以替代傳統保鮮膜,有助於減少環境污染。

觀音山火山熔岩與其礦物比例研究 A Study on the Mineral Ratios of Guanyinshan Volcanic Rock

透過親手磨製岩石薄片及礦物比例數據,探討觀音火山熔岩的差異與其差異原因。根據前人研究得知,觀音山經過五次噴發,共有七種不同的火山岩。比對地質圖,尋找各層出露地點共17處,進行田野調查、空拍記錄及樣本採集,並磨製岩石薄片共14片,進行岩相觀察與礦物面積比例計算。 本研究觀察到觀音山熔岩有漸變關係,符合鮑氏反應序列。從橄欖石玄武岩→普通輝石玄武岩→普通輝石安山岩→兩輝石安山岩→紫蘇輝石安山岩→黑雲母角閃石安山岩。 並依據新的田野調查資料,修正觀音山的地質圖資;建立火山噴發歷程模擬動畫;製作立體地形模型,以瞭解對地質地貌關係,皆可做為日後觀音山地球科學教育之參考。

磁星短x射線爆發特徵分析:以1E2259+586為例

我們是探討磁星的短X射線爆發(Short X-ray burst)。利用RXTE太空望遠鏡觀測磁星1E2259+586的數據,經由Bayesian block方法對光變曲線篩選找出爆發,並配合「波松分佈」與「虛無假設」找出50筆爆發事件(爆發的正確性有5σ的信心水準)。再利用HDBSCAN非監督式學習演算法來對短X射線爆發進行分群,找出此磁星有「短暫且高能爆發、中等持續與能量爆發、較長持續且溫和爆發、快速且低能爆發」現象,暗示了磁星爆發的多樣性並有不同的爆發機制。此外我們也發現磁星可能有「週期性」的現象,也許是自轉週期、地殼受的應力或磁場變化經過同樣時間累積(有週期性)而爆發。我們也比對有快速電波爆發 (Fast radio burst, FRB)的磁星SGR 1935+2154,看是否1E2259+586有FRB現象,結果暗示1E2259+586可能沒有FRB現象。

Utilizing Flavonoids From the Invasive Species Pilea Melastomoides and Daucus Carota as Well as the Protein PTK-2 to Create a Skin Gel Aimed for Burn Wound Healing.

Burns are a major global health concern especially in developing countries like 印尼, where southeast asian women experience the highest burn incidents globally. Burns can cause severe physical and psychological impacts, with treatments that are critical to reduce complications. This study focuses on the development of organic, cost-effective burn gels using flavonoid compounds which are Quercetin and Myrecetin which are taken from pilea melastomoides leaves, a wild 印尼n plant and carrot (Daucus Carota). These skin extracts aim to accelerate wound healing, minimize pain and prevent infection. The gel formation involves extracting active compounds using 96% ethanol as it has been effectively used for extracting a wide range of bioactive compounds to preserve their quality by preventing microbial contamination, and ensures a high yield of active ingredients suitable for topical applications. Then it goes through a process of Phytochemical screening to confirm the presence of flavonoids by using the Shinoda test. The formulation process included dissolving the HPC-m (Hydroxypropyl Cellulose) as a gelling agent, then adding plant extracts (pilea melastomoides leaves and carrot), as well as combining other ingredients such as propylene glycol, sodium benzoate, sodium metabisulfite, and disodium EDTA. The gel was stirred thoroughly to ensure uniformity and left at room temperature for 48 hours to attain the required consistency. The gel that was formatted went under various quality assessments, first being organoleptic testing. This test is used to evaluate its physical characteristics which includes color aroma, and consistency which confirms a stable dark green appearance and a natural strong scent from the plant extracts. The homogeneity test is used to verify the uniformity distribution of active compounds across the gel, to ensure a consistent efficacy. The pH test showed the gel’s acidity level which remained the safe range for skin application. Additionally, the spreading ability test demonstrated the gel’s excellent application properties, with consistent results across trials. Subsequently, the in silico analysis was conducted to predict the behaviour of specific flavonoid compounds used which is the myricetin and quercetin, highlighting their potential anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities. Further bacterial contamination tests confirmed the gel’s antimicrobial efficacy, reducing the risk of infection in wounds. This study demonstrates that the gel, formulated with pilea melastomoides leaves and carrot skin extracts, effectively utilizes flavonoids and other phytochemicals to reduce inflammation, promote tissue regeneration and retain moisture, which fosters an optimal condition for wound healing. This organic and sustainable burn treatment utilizes locally sourced ingredients, providing a natural solution that speeds up recovery, reduces pain and prevents infections. The results highlight its significant potential for wider healthcare use, especially in resource-limited environments.

Sound Direction Assist Device for Patients with Single-Sided Deafness Caused by Acoustic Neuroma

本研究專為因聽覺神經腫瘤手術造成單側聽力喪失(Single-Sided Deafness, SSD)的聽損患者設計了一款辨別聲音方位的輔助裝置。SSD患者因為有一側的聽力完全喪失,因此現有的助聽器無法提供有效的協助。 本研究採納各式麥克風電路的優點,設計出一款麥克風模組來接收聲音。並藉由帽子周圍的六個麥克風模組形成陣列。利用頭影效應所帶來的差異,運算出聲音的方位,並且透過馬達震動來提醒使用者聲音的方位。本作品延續並參考了之前的作品[一] [二]並經過改良,經過實驗後發現,本裝置可以偵測到以使用者為圓心半徑23公尺左右、76分貝的聲音,偵測距離約為之前作品的2.3倍,可以為使用者提供3到6秒的反應時間。希望可以藉由這種方式,讓SSD的聽損患者更安心地走在路上。

Artificial Intelligence Sensing Technology for Blinds Path Findings

Over 30 million souls live in a world of darkness, a number greater than the populations of both Norway and Sweden combined. Every individual deserves the chance to embark on a journey across our magnificent blue planet. Yet, regrettably, little has been done to assist them. With this project, we’re lighting the way for the blind to explore our beautiful world independently, breaking free from dependence and embracing boundless horizons. In order to put our theory of the project into practice & explore the use of artificial intelligence & computer science, we started by collecting the required materials for our project such as micro-controllers, sensors, a pair of glasses, a laptop, and a miniature camera. Then we moved onto creating the project itself in which the digital software programmed onto the hardware plays the key-role, as the sensors and the camera will record the details and information from the surroundings and send it to the laptop for further processing. The camera would be the backbone of our project, as it will stream real-time footage to the laptop which will be analyzed by an open-source object detection model ‘YOLOv8’ for identifying objects. After finishing the base model of our project, we tested it in-front of objects such as toy cars, bikes, people, etc, and the results of the object-detection would be shown on the laptop. To observe this data, we created a device which has different modules and integrations for different functions. For example, we will use our camera and then stream it onto a laptop so the reading and the data can be processed on the laptop by AI using YOLOv8. As mentioned in the start, many people do not possess the ability to see, to assist them we have thought of this device which uses all readings and its analytical skills to analyze data and help them navigate, travel or simply, live a better life.

正本「塑」源-探討河川塑膠微粒

基於對鄉土的關懷,我們選定高屏溪流域,來研究河川中塑膠微粒的尺寸大小和含量,透過光譜來了解塑膠微粒的材質。高屏溪流域是跨高雄及屏東地區最大的河流,我們共分為枯水期及豐水期來採水,比較不同季節之塑膠微粒類別,若以形狀區分:枯水期塑膠纖維最多,豐水期塑膠薄膜最多。若以尺寸區分:枯水期100~500μm的佔最多,豐水期25~100μm的佔最多。若以材質區分,枯水期含量最多分別是PE及PP,豐水期含量最多分別是PE及PET。若從顏色區分,大多是白色及透明為主要顏色。以上實驗結果可供主管機關列為重要監測參考,特別是國內少有研究單位或機構,在進行高屏溪流域塑膠微粒類別、含量之調查與研究,因此本研究重大發現為國內創舉深具意義,可供相關單位後續深究參考之價值性。