四等獎

目前所發展之微生物燃料電池，不僅成本極高，多數皆直接使用河水、汙水中之微生物，多為雜菌，且所分解者多為一般河川、家庭廢水。而生活中，高氨氮廢水的處理成本較高，一般微生物亦較不易於高氨氮環境中生存。本實驗先篩選出可在高氨氮環境中生存之專一性菌種，以高氨氮生活廢水為分解對象，應用於微生物燃料電池，找出發電效果最佳之菌株，既可分解廢水又可發電，兼具環保與經濟價值。 本研究先以高氨氮培養基仿效高氨氮生活廢水，篩出合適菌種並作用於電池裝置，探討菌種、菌量、陰陽極面積大小、兩極間距、養分多寡/種類、環境明暗等變因之影響，最後以高氨氮廢水取代培養基進行實驗。微生物電池由第一代、第二代，終發展出材料取得容易、成本低、內電阻低、電壓穩定、可間歇式放電之第三代微生物電池，實用價值極高。

The purpose of this research is to prevent the desertification by using my original “agar sheets”. The dry regions, in other words, the desert has already occupied about forty percent of the surface of the earth (Figure 1). In addition, it is said that land of seven million hectares turn into desert every year. However, we can reproduce the green-bosomed earth by using appropriate means, because this desertification originated in excessive farming, excessive pasturing, and deforestation caused by human beings. I learned “Cape Erimo’s Green Construction Method”, which has succeeded in planting trees in the coast of Japan by using seaweed, and this method led me to use the agar to prevent the desertification, which is a familiar Japanese food made from seaweed. I think that it is possible to prevent the desertification of any conditioned lands by using my original “agar sheets.”

The growth of a city and the population movement has many correlations. However, the complex interaction causes difficulties in developing a mathematical model needed for analyzing the growth factor of a city and the movement factor of population. The model involving traditional equations cannot explain many phenomenon. The newly introduced data-science suggests possibilities to overcome these difficulties. Particularly, the abundant amount of accumulated data proposes a new solution for the problem we have. Throughout these steps, data-utilizing methodology, such as machine learning for artificial intelligence, are researched and developed with attention. In this research, data about accumulated for previous population movement and city growth are collected, and a mathematical science model based on data is developed to explain population movement and city growth by utilizing data analyzing methods such as machine learning. Especially, artificial neural network and stratified advance learning(deep learning) proves possibilities in solving many problems. This research aims to construct an artificial neural network appropriate for population movement and consequently use it in developing population movement model. Using this model, growth of many existing cities can be explained and furthermore, examining the population movement factor of a city and social factor necessary for city growth become possible. This model is expected to become the tool for resolving overpopulation and predicting and deciding factors needed for a new future city. In spite of decreasing population, it is still important to develop a model for population movement that well explains city growth and environment change.

For a unique marine bird, so magnificent and accessible to the public, the Australasian Gannet (Morus serrator) colony found at Cape Kidnappers, 紐西蘭, significantly lacks research. Knowledge of gannet behaviour and how humans could best sustain a relationship with them remains unstudied. M. serrator are colonial monogamous breeders and produce a single chick each breeding season (Ismar, S.M.H. 2013). With the same mate over breeding seasons, pairs work cooperatively sharing the energy input into a single chick. Such parental care leads to highly territorial behaviour (McMeekan, C. P. & Wodzicki, K. A. 1946). This suggests more dominant gannets would claim larger territories to have a greater distance between nests of other birds, to increase the survival of their offspring. With a land-based colony this means the gannets are at risk from land and airborne predators, suggesting more dominant birds will claim territories in the central area as it offers greater safety from predator pressures (Minias, P. 2014). It was hypothesised that birds in the centre will have a greater distance between their nests and have a smaller height compared to those around the periphery of the Plateau Colony. The distances between nests and the heights of nests were recorded in the centre and around the periphery of the colony to determine if there was a correlation between the variables. It was found that centre nests had a greater distance between them and were of a smaller nest height when compared to those around the periphery. Anthropogenic influences from tourism and conservation has the potential to change the evolutionary trajectory of managed populations. This colony is protected by predator control programs. Altering this significant selection pressure has the potential to change the nesting behaviour of this species. Monitoring annual nesting distribution patterns and colony numbers over time, may enable informed development of more sustainable ecotourism and protection of the colony. This investigation provides baseline data to support further research on this colony.

Plexiglas is a macromolecule (poly-methyl-methacrylate) obtained by polymerization of the Methyl Methacrylate. Cation exchanging resins have acidic groups such as COOH (carboxyl) and SO3H (sulfonic) which fix metallic cations dissolved in water releasing an equivalent of protons through the following reaction: 2 RCOOH + Me2+ (RCOO)2Me + 2 H+ Regeneration is made treating the exhausted resin with diluted hydrochloric acid (HCl) which moves the equilibrium to the left. The aim of our research is to re-use the discarded Plexiglas by transforming it into a cationic exchanging resin. Alkaline hydrolysis transforms the COOCH3 group into COO– group; the obtained group is then transformed into COOH group by means of a treatment with HCl. After the alkaline hydrolysis spectra of the solid show the characteristic band of the asymmetric stretching of the COO– (1610-1550) at 1567 (1st experiment) and at 1555 (2nd experiment). Instead after the acidic treatment the spectra of the solid show that this band has disappeared. On the contrary the characteristic band of the OH stretching of the COOH group (3300-2500) at 3228 (1st experiment) and at 3200 (2nd experiment) appears. The water hardness, due to Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions, is studied to verify the capability of the obtained resin to capture these cations. For this purpose, some mineral water is percolated through the micro-columns. There are three experimental evidences to validate the hypothesis: EDTA molecule (Ethylene Di-amino Tetra-Acetic acid, disodium salt) to estimate hardness is not required The pH of the percolated water through the column decreases from 8 of the mineral water without any treatment, to 6.3 after the treatment as expected The spectrum recorded in the visible range of the percolated mineral water through the column plus EBT (Eriochrome Black T) indicator is the same as the spectrum obtained using de-ionized water plus the same amount of EBT In conclusion, the study has provided evidence that it is possible to convert Plexiglas into cationic exchanging resin.

Gangrene is the death of tissue of certain parts of the body. In Indonesia, people who suffer from Diabetes will also often suffer from Gangrene, which usually affects a patient’s feet. The medication for it is not affordable for everybody. I have chosen the Horseshoe Crab, simply because it’s known widely in Indonesian and can be found easily. Also, due to the fact that, among all crustaceans, the Horseshoe Crab contains the highest levels of Chitin. By using the Chitin found in the shell of the Horseshoe Crab, I shall endeavor to heal the Gangrene of Diabetic Patients.

本研究主要透過不同的向度與規則，延續之前的研究。我們證明了頂點組態僅含有單一種秩數的 勻稱分割共有5種；頂點組態中含有兩種不同秩數的 勻稱分割，其 的最大值為5，共有13種；頂點組態中含有三種不同秩數的 勻稱分割，其 的最大值為4，共有3種；而頂點組態中含有 種不同的秩數的 勻稱分割在 時無解；最後，我們透過GSP軟體將所有解的圖形繪製出。

“藍瓶反應”是一個常見的趣味實驗，以亞甲藍的藍色←→無色瞬間的變化令人稱奇。經過實驗，我們從許多不同的染色劑中，發現除亞甲藍之外，亦有能夠進行藍瓶反應的──“DCPIP”。於是我們進一步探討“DCPIP”的結構，並探討其可能的反應過程，及在不同條件下之反應速率。於是我們就發現了不僅葡萄糖、果糖、半乳糖可出現藍瓶現象，只要可以繼續氧化的官能基（例如羥基或醛），在其官能基附近有拉電子基的存在，亦產生效果絕佳的藍瓶反應。 亦以葡萄糖本身為探討的主題，到底是哪一個官能基最有可能先開始反應？也探討DCPIP、氧氣、葡萄糖及氫氧化鈉四者之間可能發生的機制。我們也發現了藍瓶反應的現象要發生，四者的條件缺一不可。另我們亦以氧化電位及還原電位去探討其中可以變色的原因。於是就慢慢揭開藍瓶反應神秘的面紗。

使用濕式製程在製備多層元件時，最大的困難是如何避免前一層的薄膜被後一層的溶液溶解。本研究合成末端具有雙鍵且可熱交聯之材料(FTV)，經熱處理後形成具有溶劑阻抗性之網狀結構，再塗佈發光層做多層元件，使得製程上較簡易，成本也較便宜，較於傳統製備多層元件需以蒸鍍方式來製作，濕式製程是更為方便。 FTV作為電洞傳輸層，元件結構為ITO/PEDOT:PSS/ FTV/PF/LiF(0.5 nm)/Ca(50 nm)/Al(100 nm)，製備為濕式製成的多層元件。並且嘗試不同濃度和轉速尋找電洞傳輸層FTV的最適化條件。本次實驗找出濃度為0.25%，轉速3000 rpm條件最佳，亮度和效率分別為2625cd/m2 and 0.17cd/A，效果遠高於沒有添加電洞傳輸層FTV的元件(795 cd/m2,0.04 cd/A)，為重要發現。 

本實驗藉由肥皂泡膜色彩擾動觀察拍翼機拍翅時周圍的氣場流動，用以模擬昆蟲拍翅時流場模式，利用肥皂泡膜黏滯係數和空氣相似，且有色彩擾動等特性觀測拍翅機的渦流流場。並利用泡膜厚度與顏色關係，畫出厚度梯度圖分析渦流相較於風洞，肥皂泡膜的流場即便在拍翅機經過的後方依舊能清楚呈現，但風洞在拍翼機後方的流場則會因為擴散而消失。