未得獎作品

搜尋太陽系外行星（extra-solar planet；exoplanet）是當今天文學家最重要的計畫之ㄧ；其中，當系外行星經過其主恆星碟面時，會造成光度略微下降，稱之為凌日現象（transit） 。本研究便是利用鹿林天文台SLT（Sne Little Telescope）望遠鏡來拍攝兩顆已知的系外行星HD 189733 b 和HD 209458 b在凌日時的影像。 我們得到約4000 張影像，再經過影像修正與資料分析後，我們作出凌日光變曲線圖、Bin圖及相位圖，並從中探討其特性。 經分析判斷後，HD 189733 看到一個剛開始發生和一個完整的凌日現象，分別由B濾鏡和 R 濾鏡所拍攝；而 HD 209458 則看到兩個剛開始發生，三個要結束的凌日現象，分別由B濾鏡、R 濾鏡和 Hα 濾鏡。 並由光變曲線，推得HD 189733 的基本參數，包括：行星半徑為 1.242個木星半徑、軌道傾角為88.94 度以及軌道半徑為 0.03115 天文單位。 Since 1995, more than 200 extra-solar planets have been found. Until today, astronomers still make efforts in searching extra-solar planets because it’s one of the most important projects in this century. During the crossing by the stellar disks (i.e., transits), the exoplanets will cause the brightness to decrease by a small amount. In the project, we have focused on the observations of two known transit exoplanets, HD 189733 b and HD 209458 b. The photometric observations were performed with the 40-cm SLT telescope on the Lulin Observatory. The results from the image procuring, data reduction and analysis are presented. We accrue and plot the light curve, bin and phase. We found out that HD 189733 has two transit ingresses with B, R band, and HD 209458 has two transit ingresses, two transit egresses with B, R, Hα band on phase. We figure out planetary parameters, RP is 1.242 RJ, inclination is 88.94° and orbital semi-major axis is 0.03115 AU by transit light curve.

目前市面上可以轉換顏色的物品大多可是經由物理變化所控制的，而以化學發光的產品，往往都只能有單一顏色，例如螢光棒，當它被製造出來時，就註定了本身就帶某種顏色，難道光的顏色無法經由某些特殊反應讓其在不同顏色間轉換嗎 ?

本報告研究內容，是利用電化學氧化還原方法合成金、銀、銅三種奈米粒子，以及探討電流是否會影響電解合成奈米粒子，在前半部成功地利用控制電解的部份條件，如界面活性劑、以及電流值大小，而合成出金、銀、銅三種奈米粒子，利用UV-VIS的光譜分析，鑑定其三種奈米粒子不同的吸收波長，其光譜出現吸收的現象是因為金屬表面特殊的表面電漿共振吸收現象而產生的。但是在本實驗中發現在UV-VIS的光譜中，電壓值的大小對金奈米粒子吸收波長並沒有關係，這些奈米粒子在水溶液中藉由界面活性劑的包覆，而溶解的相當好。 The content of thesis focuses on using electrochemistry oxidation-reduction reaction to synthesis gold, silver, and copper nanoparticles. We confer whether current of the electrolysis is an influence for the synthesis of nanoparticles. We succeed in synthesizing nanoparticle by controlling some terms of the electrolysis, like the micelle concentration, and current value. Using UV-VIS spectrum to analyse wavelength of three kinds of nanoparticles. The special phenomenon of absorption spectra is appeared because the surface plasma resonance on the surface of metal. From the UV-Vis spectra, we didn’t find the exact relationship between the potential value and the absorption spectra of gold nanoparticles. Finally, we also obtained good results in spectra observation, which meant that these nanoparticles encapsulated with surfactants were well solved in the solution.

本實驗的目的，就是希望利用幾丁質除污的效果，再配合酵母菌所能累積金屬的能力，以酵母菌包埋於幾丁質的方法，吸附廢水中的重金屬離子。用Langmuir理論求得飽和吸附量，進而求出休眠酵母菌-幾丁質所能吸附金屬離子0.14─0.027(g/g)的數量，與活化酵母菌-幾丁質所能吸附金屬離子1.15─0.050(g/g)，並比較回收效率，以應用於處理工業上工廠所排放的廢水。 筆者在偶然的機會將處理過的蟹殼幾丁質固體置於石綿心網上，竟然在數分鐘內像塑膠般熔化，探討原因竟然是石綿心網上的某些金屬鹽所造成，因此筆者希望能透過這發現，用簡單的方法製造出低去乙醯化、高強度及耐中度酸的幾丁基質，並可應用在廢水處理上。;The purpose of this experiment is to explore the effect of using chitin and yeast plat to clarify the heavy metal cation, and that yeast plat works on the accumulation. In the process, the yeast plat is embedded in chitin to absorb the metal cation, therefore, by the theory of Langmuir, the impregnate absorption of dormant yeast-plat-chitin (0.14-0.027[g/g]) can be obtained and yeast-plat-chitin (1.15-0.050[g/g]) can be activated as well. In this way, the efficiency can be compared to apply to work on the effluent in industry. By putting shell-chitin-solid on the wire gouze by chance, we found it melted like plastic in just a few minutes. Some kinds of metal salt on wire gouze cause this change. Therefore, this easy ways can be used to makelow-deamide function group become of high strength and durable under acid environment. The results obtained from this experiment can be applied for the processing of waste liquid.

The water-supporting system of community should use high efficiency pumps to\r support water and set up a unique water tower for each floor. Since there are high and\r low period of water-consuming and the variety of water pressure, we have to set up a\r unique water tower for higher floors firstly.\r It help us through high peak period of water-consuming, or it turns on pressure-aid\r pumps to save energy.\r 社區供水系統應採高效率之幫浦高壓供水,分樓層設置專用水塔,在用水有高峰\r 及離峰時段,水壓有高低變化,優先順序供水給較高樓層的專用水塔,樓層專用水\r 塔容量必須足以渡過用水高峰時段之容量,否則就啟動輔助加壓幫浦,達到節約能\r 源之目的。

地震波會以橫波和縱波的方式傳遞能量，學校的教學大樓中地下具有蓄水池者搖晃的持續性感覺比較短暫，於是利用彈簧波模擬地震波測試不同質量的台車接收到的能量會較空車為多。並利用自製模型測試不同容器形狀和水量的阻尼作用，結果發現搖擺時，時間球形＞錐形台≒方形台；球形台裝有不同水量時擺動時間裝滿裝滿時＞未裝水＞裝1500mL 時；平行移動時則是球形台裝水2000mL 後鉛錘移動距離最短。整個實驗過程中由於未裝滿水的模型內部重心改變不規律，而且模型內所裝的水量因為不規則擾動經吸收的能量轉換成水溫上升的熱能，因此導致擺動能量的消耗造成擺動時間縮短，如果新式大樓興建時考慮消防蓄水池和水塔的造型和裝水容量，應可以減少地震時的搖晃時間，降低心理的緊張和物體因震動而產生的移動傷害。Seismic wave can transmit energy with transverse and longitudinal wave. The shaking of these buildings with reservoirs underground in our school for a shorter time, so we use spring wave to simulate seismic wave, and test the proportion of transmissible energy received from different mass of objects. The energy gets from wave motion passing on is bigger when cars carrying capacity than empty cars. And we use homemade models to test damped effect of different forms and water. At last we discover the time is Sphere ＞ Taper ≒ Square while they swing with different amounts of water, the time it cost is Full ＞ Non ＞ 1500 mL. When they move horizontally, the plummet moved shortest, when the water of the sphere is 2000 mL. During the whole experiment, the center of gravity in the models, which are not full of water changes irregularly, and the water in the models can absorb heat energy from energy disturbing, so the swing of energy consuming makes the time of the swing shorter. If the fire controls reservoirs, the shapes and dress up water volume of the water towers, are taken into consideration, the duration of the shaking of earthquake will be shortened so that our fear and nervousness will be lessened, and the damage causer from the shaking will be reduced.

我們常可以在自然界中發現漩渦的存在，但其存在的形體與性質也不盡相同，為了研究漩渦的結構與形體，筆者分析出多種會對漩渦產生影響的因素：開始放流的水而高度、放流洞口大小、有無破壞漩渦結構的阻礙、單孔落流漩渦與雙孔落流漩渦、還有流體的黏滯度對漩渦的影響， 但漩渦是一個不斷改變的流體，非常難以觀察，且自然界的漩渦也不是說出現就出現，所以必須設計一個簡易實驗器材來觀察，並用數位攝影機紀錄下來，再慢慢分析，而我們也可以在這個實驗中了解漩渦的結構，和體會到漩渦所表現出自然界的力與美的一面。‧We can always find in nature of different swirl’s forms and properties. To study the swirls, we analyzed such factors, as the beginning water level, the size of the hole, the presence of obstruction that will destroy the structure of swirls, differences between single-hole-swirls and twin-hole-swirls, and the viscosity of fluid. Because swirls change all the time, it is very difficult to observe. We designed a device .The procedure was recorded with a digital video camera and analyzed it. The study helps us understand the structure of swirls and admire the beauty of swirls.

在生活的觀察中，我們注意到人們在轉動呼拉圈時似乎是行一種「以軸轉動一個半徑遠大於軸半徑的環」的運動，在查過相關資料後，並沒有發現比較完整的探討。本研究的目的，是要找出在圓環被轉軸所驅動的運動模式中，影響環轉動頻率的各個因素，諸如：環半徑、環質量、轉軸半徑與環轉速之間的關係。根據我們所做的實驗，對相同的一個環而言，以半徑較小的軸用固定轉速轉動時，即使環的轉速變快，但始終與轉軸的轉速相等。由此我們推斷：無論環與軸之間的半徑關係為何，在環能穩定轉動的情況下，兩者的轉動週期將會相等。另外，在實驗的過程中，「軸驅動環」所引起的軸晃動一直困擾著我們，但這也引發了一項應用：如果原本穩定轉動的環和軸振動，則振動將被放大，藉此設計可以作為地震感測器。亦可作為儀器的保護裝置或是指向裝置。While playing a hula-hoop, we noticed that it seems to be a motion that the axis rotates a circle whose radius is larger than axis’. By checking relative theses, we found that there is no better research having fully discussed about this topic. The purpose of this research is to find out the motion pattern that a circle is rotated by the foce of an axis and the factors affecting rotation, such as radius and mass of circles, the radius of axes, and the frequency of axes and circles. According to our experience, no matter which height the circle stay at, or how fast the frequency of axis is, the frequency of circle will be the same. As a result of this, we guess that if it can be a stable circle, the frequencies of the axis and the circle shall be the same. Another confusing fact is the vibration of the axis, but it enables a new application: if a vibration affects a circle-axis system, the vibration will be enlarged. By this application, we are able to design an earth-quack senor, or protecting or pointing instruments as well.

流行病的傳染如同一個無尺度網路，但有一些特殊特性在發展一套新傳播模式時，是需要被詳加考慮的。我採用時間位移(t 與ti 分別以t?(ti?1)與ti?(ti?1)來取代)至無尺度網路模式中，再引入一個非連續強力函數H(t; ti?1, L+ti?1)來描述流行病傳播的特定時段與強度，並重新定義機率p 為無效傳染率。之後，我建立了新模式「無尺度流行病模式」－SFE-1與SFE-2。模擬六種病原的傳染途徑，結果證實SFE-1與SFE-2模式是正確與確切可用。案例研究結果，顯示傳染強度H可為固定值或為變數；p可以是一固定值、雙固定值或為新增病例的函數。更進一步解析美國AIDS病例在不同族群與行為上的差異，獲知亞裔/太平洋裔與印第安人/阿拉斯加人的H值低於其他族群，其原因可能是由於小的族群具有較高的接觸所致。異性性接觸的H值低於其他，顯示性交易是傳播HIV的主要途徑。SFE-1與SFE-2模式也可被用在流行病的預測上，因為SFE-2使用已知值而非估算值，所以SFE-2模擬結果較佳；但是SFE-1更可以明確提供一個流行病在失控或控制下的預測結果。無尺度流行病模式可以協助所需警戒的程度與政策決定的計畫結果。因此在幫助政府評估社會經濟成本與健康憂慮上是一個有用的工具。所以我提出一個確切可行的對抗無尺度流行病傳染新方法，並詳細說明運作流程。The course of epidemics resembles a scale-free network, but some specific elements should be considered in developing a new model. I introduced a time shifting (replacing t and ti by t?(ti?1) and ti?(ti?1)) and a discontinuous forcing function H(t; ti?1, L+ti?1) into the scale-free network model to fit the specific period and intensity of the infection, and redefined the probability p as an invalid infection rate. Then I proposed the new Scale-Free Epidemic Models, SFE-1 and SFE-2. The simulation results of six types of epidemic transmission showed that the SFE models were accurate and useful. In the case studies, the results showed that H were constant or variable, and p were a fixed constant, a dual constant, or a function of new addition cases in the epidemic periods. The further studies for comparisons of the difference races/ethnics and the difference transmission category of AIDS cases in USA were analyzed. The H value for Asian/Pacific and Indian/Alaska Native race were lower than others, it may be due to small clusters with constant high contact rates. The H value for heterosexual contact was lower than the others, indicating that whoredom was the main transmission for HIV. Both SFE models can be used to predict epidemics, SFE-2 is better than SFE-1 due to SFE-2 using given indices and not conjectured values, but SFE-1 can more clearly suggest results of epidemics when under control or not. SFE models can help the government to determine the level of caution needed and the projected results of policy decisions. They are useful tools in assisting to balance socio-economic and health concerns. I hereby propose a new method to fight against epidemics with detailed procedures of using the SFE models.

本研究的目的在利用LP 唱盤系統發聲原理，以鑽石唱針摩擦各種金屬表面所產生的頻譜圖，與金屬材質的相關性。除了LP 唱盤外，我們應用CoolEdit 軟體來分析聲音資料，並利用相似度統計理論，將頻譜圖用量化比較。實驗結果發現：Ⅰ、藉用LP 系統錄取各種金屬材質頻譜圖形，有相當高的穩定性，相同金屬聲音頻譜圖形重疊性高，以統計演算出的量化結果與圖形觀察相似。Ⅱ、同一金屬在不同摩擦速率時，所產生的頻譜圖略異，經由樣本相似度門檻t 值鑑定，顯示摩擦的速率會影響聲音頻譜的產生。本研究的結果可應用在材質的分析比較。The objective of this study is, based upon the principle how LP phonograph players generate sounds, to obtain sound spectrographs from rubbing diamond phonograph needles against surfaces of a variety of metal and thus to link the sound spectrograph to certain metal material. Besides the LP phonograph player, we also use the software, Cool Edit, for analysis of sound data and, according to theory of similarity statistics, quantity comparisons of spectrographs. The result of the study shows: I. A high stability exists when spectrographs of a variety of metal material are recorded by the LP system. There is high frequency that spectrographs of same metal material overlap. The quantification result from statistic calculation is similar to the graphs as they are observed. II. Spectrographs differ slightly when a certain metal is rubbed at different speeds. As appraised by sample similarity threshold t value, it shows that rubbing frequency will affect the formation of spectrographs. The result of this study can be employed to analyze and compare qualities of material.