為「世紀之毒」找解藥！- 探討以Pseudomonas mendocina 菌株降解污染土壤中戴奧?
本研究採自中石化安順廠戴奧辛污染場址之土壤，篩選出一株純 菌微生物(Pseudomonas mendocina NSYSU) ， 其含有PCDD/Fs (Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans, PCDD/Fs)土壤於實驗室進行微生物降解試驗，結果顯示約21 天即有 明顯降解結果；本研究同時觀察到該微生物能在汞濃度達50 ppm 之 戴奧辛土壤中，仍具有相當程度之耐受度，並進一步降解戴奧辛化合 物。 我更以標準品探討菌種對於戴奧辛類化合物(Dioxin like congener) 之降解效果，成功地發現這株菌種不僅對於PCDD/Fs 有降 解能力，對於戴奧辛類化合物也有明顯之降解效果。 由研究結果，明顯看出P. mendocina 菌株為「世紀之毒」找到了 解藥，開發出以生物復育改善污染環境的一種新方法。A dioxin-degrading bacterial strain Pseudomonas mendocina NSYSU was isolated from dioxin contaminated soil by selective enrichment techniques. In our previous study, P. mendocina NSYSU was found to be able to use pentachlorophenol (PCP) as its sole carbon source and energy source and was capable of completely degrading this compound. Moreover, P. mendocina NSYSU was also able to mineralize a high concentration of PCP up to 150 mg/L. In this study, P. mendocina NSYSU was investigated for its ability to degrade polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs). Results show that P. mendocina NSYSU could grow well in media containing both PCDFs and PCDDs, and was able to degrade both compounds efficiently. In this study, isotope dilution method and a high resolution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HRGC/HRMS) technique were applied for the analyses of PCDFs and PCDDs. Investigation results reveal that significant biodegradation of octachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (OCDD) and octachlorinated dibenzofuran (OCDF) by treating with P. mendocina NSYSU resting cells was observed. The results also indicate that this bacterial strain is able to biodegrade OCDD and OCDF effectively under anoxic conditions due to its facultative anaerobic character. No accumulation of inhibitory toxic byproducts was found in this study. These findings suggest that in situ or on-site bioremediation of dioxin-contaminated soils by using indigenous microorganisms or inoculated P. mendocina NSYSU strain would be a feasible technology for field application.
紫茉莉生物時鐘機制的研究
Mirabilis Jalapa is a wild flower, which is often seen in countryside of Taiwan. This plant blossom regularly every day around PM 3:00-6:00. Since its regular behavior, it has the potential to become a model plant for research on circadian ryhtem. According to the on spot observation, a Mirabilis Jalapa will bloom consistently, whereas a minority of flower will bloom earlier or later. First, we observe how Mirabilis Jalapa response to disparate environmental conditions. Under a short period of light(8h) and an average period of light(12), Mirabilis Jalapa acts as normal. But under a long period of light, it flowers approximately 1h ahead of time. When under a continuous light, Mirabilis Jalapa shows a regular flowering in the first four day, and after that, circadian rythem of flowering terminate. The ripe flower buds mentain unbloom for 10 days or more, finally end up withered. Meanwhile, floral meristems are also suppressed. Temperature alter seems affct the flowering slightly. Second, we use SDS-page to detect protein divergence 6h interval.But as many of the earlier attempt, the floral stimuli is not sensible for average protein qualitative analysis. So we decide to take more direct approch by genetic experiment. From supplemental material of article” Orchestrated Transcription of Key Pathways in Arabidopsis by the Circadian” we obtain a group of genes regulared by bioclock in Arabidopsis.With Bio Informatics we choose 41 single gene, and compare with sequences in other species, designing promotors to isolate similar genes in Mirabilis Jalapa. Use rt-PCR to detect the level of certain gene expression,and compare characters of those genes in Mirabilis Jalapa with those genes in Arabidopsis. We also blast those 453 genes to the database of animal, trying to recognize some genes that is widely separated between disparat species. And test these genes in Mirabilis Jalapa to confirm this result.本實驗先針對紫茉莉開花生物時鐘的特性進行觀察，並以不同的變因測試對紫茉莉開花時鐘的影響，紫茉莉個別花朵開花生物時鐘並不一致，長日照會對植株造成開花時間提早（約1 小時）的影響，全日照則會對花芽分生及開花行為造成抑制，溫度對於開花影響不明顯。而後利用蛋白質電泳對不同時間點的樣本進行分析，由於開花激素存量極微，故並電泳結果無明顯差異。再來以阿拉伯芥已知與生物時鐘有關的基因中經過生物資訊（Bio Informatics）預測在紫茉莉中存在與開花及光週期有關之基因（CAA75629 CAB56039 AAB60305 AAC49807 AAA82068），針對該基因進行表現量的測定，驗證該基因與開花生物時鐘的關聯性。針對動物界與植物界中已知與生物時鐘相關的基因進行交叉比對，希望找出跨界廣泛存在的生物時鐘基因，接著測試紫茉莉中該基因的存在與否及表現狀況與其他物種的差異，驗證該基因分布的廣泛性。
太陽系外行星光度研究
搜尋太陽系外行星（extra-solar planet；exoplanet）是當今天文學家最重要的計畫之ㄧ；其中，當系外行星經過其主恆星碟面時，會造成光度略微下降，稱之為凌日現象（transit） 。本研究便是利用鹿林天文台SLT（Sne Little Telescope）望遠鏡來拍攝兩顆已知的系外行星HD 189733 b 和HD 209458 b在凌日時的影像。 我們得到約4000 張影像，再經過影像修正與資料分析後，我們作出凌日光變曲線圖、Bin圖及相位圖，並從中探討其特性。 經分析判斷後，HD 189733 看到一個剛開始發生和一個完整的凌日現象，分別由B濾鏡和 R 濾鏡所拍攝；而 HD 209458 則看到兩個剛開始發生，三個要結束的凌日現象，分別由B濾鏡、R 濾鏡和 Hα 濾鏡。 並由光變曲線，推得HD 189733 的基本參數，包括：行星半徑為 1.242個木星半徑、軌道傾角為88.94 度以及軌道半徑為 0.03115 天文單位。 Since 1995, more than 200 extra-solar planets have been found. Until today, astronomers still make efforts in searching extra-solar planets because it’s one of the most important projects in this century. During the crossing by the stellar disks (i.e., transits), the exoplanets will cause the brightness to decrease by a small amount. In the project, we have focused on the observations of two known transit exoplanets, HD 189733 b and HD 209458 b. The photometric observations were performed with the 40-cm SLT telescope on the Lulin Observatory. The results from the image procuring, data reduction and analysis are presented. We accrue and plot the light curve, bin and phase. We found out that HD 189733 has two transit ingresses with B, R band, and HD 209458 has two transit ingresses, two transit egresses with B, R, Hα band on phase. We figure out planetary parameters, RP is 1.242 RJ, inclination is 88.94° and orbital semi-major axis is 0.03115 AU by transit light curve.
棋子排列的平均值
本研究由下述問題開始：將n1 個黑色棋子和n2 個白色棋子排成一列，規定第一個棋子必為黑棋；對於每一種排列方法中，同色棋相鄰處記為1，異色棋相鄰處記為-1，所有1 和-1 的總和記為 t (n1,n2 )。對所有可能的排列方法所算出來的t( n1,n2 ) 值求其平均值，記為a (n1,n2 ) 。我們先由觀察各種n1 和n2 值，得到這平均值的可能公式，隨後並嚴格證明其正確性，證明方法也經過多次精鍊到十分簡潔的方式。以此為基礎，我們並做了各方向的推廣，研究涉及下列各點：(一) 利用組合數探討原來的問題。(二) 在第一個棋子不限定為黑棋的假設下，求平均值a( n1,n2 ) 。(三) 將棋子由兩種增加到多種。(四) 改變棋子排列以及相鄰的方式。經由研究，我們發現，每一次愈將問題推廣時，愈能找出清晰的概念涵蓋並印證先前的想法。Our study starts with the following problem. Suppose n1 black chesses and n2 white chesses are arranged in a line under the condition that the first chess is black. For any arrangement of these chesses, an adjacent pair of chesses having the same (respectively, different) colors is associated with a value of 1 (respectively, -1). Let t(n1,n2 ) denote the sum of these values. The purpose of this problem is to calculate the average value a (n1,n2 ) of these t (n1,n2 )which runs over all possible arrangements of the chesses described above. We begin from observing various values of n1 and n2 and find a possible formula for the solution. We then give a rigorous proof for the formula. After some refinements, simple proofs are also established. Based on this, we also make some generalizations. In summary, the research includes the following: 1. Study the problem by using binomial coefficients. 2. Calculate a(n1,n2 ) when t( n1,n2 ) runs over all possible arrangements in which the first chess can be black or white. 3. Increase the types of chesses from two to many. 4. Variant the arrangement method of the chesses from a line to other configurations. During the study, we find that whenever we extend the problem to a more general case, we make the ideas for the original problem clearer.
太陽能發電環境評估與追蹤器探討
本研究首先探討台灣各地的日照時數與世界重要都市的比較，發現台灣南部日照時數皆超過2000 小時，適合發展太陽能。接著，?了增加陽光的能量密度而加設弗瑞奈透鏡，雖然能順利的使照度放大三百餘倍，但歲日照角度的影響甚鉅，?了克服角度的問題，我們決定開發自製的追蹤器來改善角度的問題。太陽能板需要改變仰角跟傾角（雙軸調整），由光感應器判斷及自動控制程式，判斷隨時辰與季節變化的太陽角度。當搭配奈米塗料、弗瑞奈透鏡與追蹤器，總輸出功率可增加約50%。太陽電池表面玻璃會阻擋藍紫光的吸收，但本研究在太陽能板上塗佈奈米塗料，發現能增加短波長的吸收；經實驗後奈米等級表面具有自潔效應，可防止灰塵雨滴的堆積影響光線吸收，具有開發價值。This project first compares Taiwanese locations with other places in the world on average daylight times. It was discovered that southern Taiwan has the longest average daylight time all over 2000 hour sand therefore most ripe for solar power development. To increase the energy density of solar Fresnel lenses were incorporated. Although this has the advantage of magnifying illumination by three hundred percent, the alignment angle for the solar panel will have a significant impact on performance. We then designed and built a automated tracking device with illumination sensors to control the elevation and inclination of the solar panel which adjusts the angle according to environmental conditions such as time of day and season. When solar cell collocate Nano coating, Fresnel lens, tracking device, its power can promote almost150%. The glasses on the solar cell will interfere solar cell absorbing blue and purple light, but we lay on a Nano coating and we find Nano coating can improve solar cell to absorb short wave; and surface o Nano have lotus effect, it can prevent dust and rain effecting solar cell absorb lights, and it is worth developing .
電源線磁場再生能源的研究與應用
目前正逢能源危機之際，能源再生成為全球關注的課題。有鑒於此，本研究應用高導磁環形鐵粉芯，在表面纏繞多圈漆包線，形成環形管(Toroid)。環形管外圍再繞上交流電源線，電源線內電流產生的磁場，被高導磁環形鐵粉芯所引導，產生較強而均勻的磁場，傳遞至內圈的單心漆包線環形管，依法拉第定律產生電動勢，達到能源再生的目的。藉由六項實驗，驗明我們研究雙環形管理論，推演所得的電動勢公式 ε＝(μN1N2/2 r) a2ωIo cosωt 是正確的。再生的電動勢能驅動高亮度的發光二極體提供照明、電器產品充電；還能提供電流過載警示，防止電路過載起火的危險；串、並聯使用則可產出較大功率，深具應用與研究的價值。During mankind are urgent developing of new energy, recycle energy are also one of the global topics; we are using single-heart-Turn around how the high permeability enameled wire ring formation of iron powder core ring solenoid, from the external power supply line also used around - Ring solenoid (Toroid), due to changes current power supply lines of magnetic field generated by the high-permeability core Ring guided iron powder, and can produce more uniform magnetic field so that the inner ring of single-heart enameled wire Ring solenoid, according to Faraday's Law electromotive force can be generated to achieve purpose of recycle energy, we will be divided into six experimental studies to confirm this theory deductions obtained by electromotive forceε＝(μN1N2/2 r) a2ωIo cosωt is correct, this electromotive force will enable to supply high brightness LED Optical lighting, can also be used for current overload warning system , if use on series-parallel connection that will produce larger power output, it has great application potential, so the subject is worth to research and development.
蝌蚪游泳能力之探討
本研究主要探討蝌蚪之游泳運動特性，及游泳速度(V)與尾鰭長度(SL)、尾鰭高度(SH)、身體質量(M)、尾鰭擺動頻率(TBF)、擺動幅度(AMP)之關係，並分析蝌蚪游泳之體軸變化及流場變化。祈能了解蝌蚪之游泳運動特性，進而探討其適應環境之機制。研究結果顯示：黑眶蟾蜍蝌蚪體重(M)愈重，則鰭長、鰭高亦隨之生長，並呈現高度相關性(R2=0.9381、R2=0.9809)。另外，尾鰭生長時之長度增加較多。蝌蚪體重(M)與鰭長(SL)、鰭高(SH)之迴歸方程式(M=0.027SL＋0.342SH－0.078，R2＝0.9832)。黑眶蟾蜍蝌蚪之游泳速度，會隨著尾鰭擺動頻率之增加而提高。尾鰭長度愈短之蝌蚪，增加游泳速度時尾鰭擺動頻率增加較多。蝌蚪游泳速度(V)與鰭長(SL)、擺動頻率(TBF)之迴歸方程式(V=0.480TBF＋4.804SL－4.381，R2＝0.9110)。不同尾鰭長度蝌蚪之擺幅對體長之比率並無明顯變化，其擺動幅度(AMP)的範圍介於0.45(BL)至0.56(BL)之間。蝌蚪游泳時各部分體軸之擺動幅度自吻端開始(P=0)至P 為0.24 時逐漸遞減，且在P 為0.24 時呈現最小擺幅，但P 超過0.24 之後直至尾鰭部分卻又大幅遞增，其最大值出現在尾鰭末端(P=1)。蝌蚪游泳是以尾鰭快速向中心軸擺動，產生較大的前進動力，過了軸線則慢速擺動，以減少阻力。This investigation is to explore the swimming habits of tadpoles- the relationship between their swimming velocity, length and height of their tails, mass, the frequency at which their tails movement, and the amplitude of the tail’s movement, as well as analysis their body axes, and the flow distribution of the water, in order to understand how the swimming patterns of the tadpoles are affected by the changes in their environment. The results of this investigation have shown that as the mass of the tadpoles increases, both the length and the height of their tails also increase according to the R values of the tail increases according to the R values of 0.9381 and 0.9809. However, it is observed the length of the tail increases at a faster rate than its height during the tadpoles’s growth. The formula which models the regression relationship between the tadpole’s mass, tail length, and tail height are found to be (M=0.027SL+0.342SH-0.078,R=0.9832). It’s also noted that as the length of the tadpole’s tail decreases, the velocity and the frequency of the tail would increases (the length of the tail is inversely proportional to the tadpole’s velocity and tail frequency). The formula which models the regression relationship between the tadpole’s velocity, tail length and tail frequency is (V=0.480TBF+4.804SL-4.381,R=0.9110) The different frequency model by tails of different lengths do not appear to have an apparent relationship with the tail length, given that the amplitude is between 0.45(BL) and 0.56(BL). As the tadpole swims, the angle between its oscillating body axes decrease as the P values increases from 0 to 0.24, their force the angle is at a minimum whom the P is at 0.24.Yet when P exceeds 0.24 the angle would increase dramatically. The maximum value is observed when P=1.The tadpole’s swimming motion mainly relays on the rapid oscillations of the tail about the centre of mass (body axis)-producing a stronger driving force, and slowing down towards the end of each oscillation to minimise the friction forces acting on the tadpole, which in furn, decrease its velocity.
石油工業廢觸媒於水泥〈砂〉漿中對其流度影響之探討
隨著科技的發達，工業廢棄物應運而生，在地小人稠的台灣，每年就產生約6000 公噸的廢觸媒，為了讓環境免於遭受廢棄物的污染，本實驗著重於廢觸媒的再利用，探討廢觸媒作為混凝土中礦物摻料對水泥(砂)漿流動性的影響。
本實驗所採用的廢觸媒來自石油裂解廠的靜電集塵廢觸媒，主要由SiO2 及Al2O3 所組成且具有部份非結晶相和卜作嵐材料之特性，外觀為乳灰白色粉末、含水量2.8﹪，溶於水中有放熱現象，pH 值為3.85。廢觸媒對水的親和力大，添加至水泥(砂)漿中會使得漿體的流動性減小，因此必須藉由提昇強塑劑劑量才能提高工作度。
在水膠比(W/B)為0.42 時，隨著強塑劑HPC-1000 劑量的增加，水泥漿的流度明顯增加，而且適當量的廢觸媒取代水泥，能維持水泥漿一定的流度。當強塑劑HPC-1000 劑量為3.0﹪、砂/水泥＝2.75 時，隨著水灰比(W/C)的增加，水泥漿的流度也明顯增加，而同條件下，不論水膠比(W/B)0.485 或0.55 時，廢觸媒取代水泥之水泥砂漿的流度比飛灰、爐石、高嶺土好，與矽灰相當，其最佳取代水泥量為15﹪。
As technology continues to develop, a considerable amount of industrial wastes have been produced.In Taiwan, over 6,000 tons of spent catalysts were brought out yearly. If such wastes can be reused in some ways, it may be helpful to protect our environment from being polluted. This study was taken to determine the influence of spent catalysts on the flowability of mortar while the catalysts were used as mineral additives for concrete. Since the catalysts could reduce the flowability of cement pastes because of the affinity between the catalysts and water, it was necessary to have superplasticizers added to improve the fluidity of the mortar.
The spent catalysts used in this study were spent electrostatic precipitator cracking catalysts, called Epcat, which were provided by petroleum refining companies. Comprising mainly silicon oxide and aluminum oxide, the off-white catalyst powder present water content of 2.8%, pH value of 3.85 and exothermic reaction with water.
In this study, it was found that while the ratio of water to binder (W/B) was 0.42, the flowability of the cement pastes increased with the increasing addition of superplasticizers. Besides, the flowability of cement pastes kept steady while a proper amount of Epcat was used to replace cement.When the ratio of sand to cement (W/C) was 2.75, with 3.0% superplasticizers HPC-1000 added,the flowability of the mortars markedly increased while the W/C increased, and the replacement with spent catalysts made the mortars show similar flowability as silica fume but better flowability than fly ash, slag and kaolinite, no matter the W/B value of the cement pastes was 0.485 or 0.55. In fact, the best Epcat replacement for cement was 15%.
Is the fruit safe?-吊白塊的簡易自製試劑
吊白塊是一種在現切水果中常見的食品添加物，它可使剛切的水果不易被氧化，並同時具有漂白的效果，但此種添加物會對人體造成許多疾病。本研究針對吊白塊作嘗試性的初級檢驗，選用一般常見的氧化劑和染料，自行研發簡易的檢驗方法，且進一步製作安定性佳且攜帶方便的試紙。本實驗結果發現，由衛生局提供的「藍吊試劑」本身不甚穩定，且顏色變化不明顯；在自製檢驗試劑方面，效果最佳的是過錳酸鉀，濃度可測至0.0005M，且反應相當快速，唯試液容易與水果表面的Fe(II)離子反應；孔雀綠和晶紅酸等染料效果亦佳，且變色相當明顯，但反應時間較長。Rongalit is a bleaching agent commonly used as a food additive. It can prevent fresh fruits to be oxidized (without color-changed), especially when they were cut for sale. However, as for this additive, it is not good on health and is necessary to be detected. The test-paper currently used, the so-called “blue-test paper”, can be obtained from the Department of Health (Taipei). However, its stability is poor; the color change is not clear when it reacts with Rongalit. For this reason, I developed simple methods for detecting Rongalit by using various oxidizers and dyes. A test-paper, with better stability and easily for carry, was successfully developed. The findings show that the use of KMnO4 on the homemade test-paper provides the best result. The reaction time is short and the limit of detection can be improved to 5 × 10-4 M. The color changes were also clear when malachite green and fuchsin acid were used, but the reaction times were longer.