出國代表作品

前人研究顯示結網性蜘蛛會因環境中獵物組成的改變而改變其網結構。然而，除了結構之外，構成網的絲的物理性質與蜘蛛網的捕捉效率也應有密切之關連，但目前並無人探討蜘蛛是否會因獵物而調整絲之化學及物理性質。在本研究中，我以人面蜘蛛為材料，探討：(一)其在面對不同類型之獵物時是否調整其網之結構，絲之胺基酸組成和其物理性質；(二)所產生之改變是否能促進不同類型獵物的捕食效率；以及(三)是獵物之養份或振動刺激引起這些改變。我藉著操控獵物的養份及振動刺激將人面蜘蛛分成四個處理組，分別餵以活蟋蟀(C 組)，活蒼蠅(F 組)，死蟋蟀加蒼蠅振動刺激(Cd 組)及死蒼蠅加蟋蟀振動刺激(Fd 組)。在完成食控處理後比較各組間之網結構、絲胺基酸組成、絲物理性質、對不同獵物之留置能力以及振動訊號傳遞能力。實驗結果顯示F 組之蜘蛛所結之網有較大的面積及較小的網目，並有較佳之蒼蠅留置力；然而此結構之改變卻會降低其振動訊號傳遞率。C 組之蜘蛛所結之網有較強之張力及較佳之蟋蟀留置力，而且其所產之曳絲有較高比例之alanine、glycine 及glutamine 並較佳之延伸度及韌度，以因應體型較大之獵物。上述結果顯示人面蜘蛛能調整網的結構、絲的蛋白質組成及物理性質來更有效率的捕捉不同類型的獵物。而由於上述各樣變數在C 及F 組間有顯著差異，而在獵物養份與振動訊號錯置的Cd 與Fd 組間無顯著差異，顯示此二項刺激需同時存在才能使人面蜘蛛在面對不同類型獵物時產生結網行為及絲基因表現之改變。Previous studies showed that orb-weaving spiders may adjust web structures when encountering different types of prey. In addition to web structures, silk physical properties should also be critical in affecting the prey catching efficiency of webs. However, so far no one has studied whether spiders adjust silk chemical and physical properties when encountering different types of prey. In this study, I used the giant wood spider Nephila pilipes to investigate (1) would N. pilipes adjust web structures, silk amino acid composition and silk physical properties when encountering different types of prey (2) would such changes enhance the catching efficiency of different prey and (3) were such changes generated by prey chemical composition or vibration signals? To answer these questions, I manipulated prey chemical composition and vibration signals by assigning N. pilipes into the following four feeding groups: (1) living crickets (group C), (2) living flies (group F), (3) dead cricket but with fly vibration signals (group Cd) and (4) dead flies but with cricket vibration signals (group Fd). After the feeding treatments were completed the following variables were compared between the feeding groups: web structures, silk amino acid composition, silk physical properties, retention time of different prey and vibration signal transmission rate of webs. The results showed that the webs built by spiders fed with living flies exhibited larger area, smaller mesh and longer fly retention time. However, such structural changes also reduced the vibration signal transmission ability of the web. On the other hand, webs built by spiders fed with living crickets were stiffer and retained crickets longer. Moreover, their silks exhibited higher percentages of alanine, glycine, glutamine and consequently higher elasticity and strength to cope with the larger prey. These results demonstrated that spiders can adjust web structures, silk protein composition and silk physical properties to enhance the catching efficiency of different prey. While the aforementioned variables differed significantly between spiders in C and F groups, they did not vary between spiders in Cd and Fd groups, in which groups the prey chemical composition and vibration signals were decoupled. Such result suggested that prey chemical composition and vibration signal were both needed in generating changes in web building behavior and silk gene expression in spiders.

中文摘要 重金屬對人體傷害的無遠弗屆-人人皆知，根據流行病學的研究指出，長期處在 重金屬含量過高之地區，易造成生理病變。比方說，長期生活在砷含量高的環境中， 易導致肝臟、周邊血管及神經系的損害，各種癌症的發生機率也大為提高。 本實驗以中國倉鼠卵巢細胞（CHO-K1）為材料，利用微核偵測技術(Michronuclei, MN)及姐妹染色分體互換(Sister chromatid exchanges, SCE)之誘引來探討亞硒酸鈉 (Sodium selenite, NaSeO2) 及亞砷酸鈉(Sodium arsenite, NaAsO2) 的交互作用 (interaction)。實驗結果顯示亞硒酸鈉本身不會造成MN 的增加，但讓SCE 頻率增加； 亞砷酸鈉會誘引增加MN 和SCE。亞硒酸鈉前處理不會減少亞砷酸鈉誘引之SCE 和 MN，但可微微降低亞砷酸鈉抑制雙核細胞(Bunucleated cells, BN)的形成，但是不明 顯。本實驗結果未能看出亞硒酸鈉前處理與亞砷酸鈉有明顯的交互作用，但發現亞 硒酸鈉會增加SCE 頻率，因此亞硒酸鈉做為保健食品值得進一步的關切及探討。 英文摘要 It is well-documented that exposure to heavy metals could cause seriously adverse effects to humans. Epidemiological evidence has shown that illness is frequently observed in residents living long-term in heavy metal contaminated area. For example, arsenic exposure was associated with increased incidences of liver diseases, peripheral vascular and neurological diseases, as well as cancers. In this report we investigated the interaction of selenite and arsenite on micronuclei (MN) and sister chromatid exchange (SCE) induction in Chinese hamster ovary-K1 (CHO-K1) cells. The present results demonstrated that sodium selenite by itself did not induce MN, but it did cause the increase of SCE frequency. Sodium arsenite significantly induced MN and SCE in CHO-K1 cells. Pretreatment of CHO-K1 cells with selenite could not reduce MN and SCE frequency induced by arsenite, but slightly prevent the cells from arsenite-induced inhibition of binucleated cell formation. In the present study, no significant interaction between sodium selenite pretreatment and sodium arsenite was observed. However, sodium selenite was unexpectedly found to enhance SCE frequency in CHO-K1 cells. The application of selenite as health protection agent warrants our concerns and further investigation.

受應力拉伸時，橡膠溫度明顯上升；縮放回原長，橡膠溫度驟降。由文獻得知橡膠內部具有特殊的鍵鍊結構，在一般的情況下，交鏈分子糾結成一團，狀態複雜；受外力拉伸時，交鏈分子依橡膠長度之增加而伸展，排列較為整齊，狀態之複雜度減小。根據熱力學第一定律，當內能變化為零，則外力作功會造成能量變化。在定溫之下，橡膠內能變化為零，當其受應力拉伸，使其內部交鏈分子排列複雜度降低，造成橡膠熵值減小，而有能量（dQ=TdS）的釋出。測量此一能量dQ 變化，即可計算出熵與狀態數之變化The temperature of rubber rises as it is stretched, its temperature comes back again while it restores to its original length. It is known that the rubber is consisted of long-chain molecules, the long-chain molecules strangle each other at normal state, however, they become more order when the rubber is stretched. Based on the 1st law of thermodynamics dU=dQ+dW, The deformation caused by applied force supplies energy to the rubber and reduce its entropy, the heat dQ (=TΔS) released by the reduction of entropy causes the temperature rise of rubber as dU=0. We report the study on the correlation of thermal properties and the molecular network in rubber, from the measurements of temperature change, the changes of entropy and the changes of states’ number were estimated.

資訊時代的來臨，促使我們的社會型態大幅改變，無一不朝數位化的方向邁進。網際網路與資訊科技的快速發展，近年來影像資料庫和數位圖書館大量的成立，關於影像資料檢索的研究已漸漸成為一門極為重要的研究議題。在本研究報告中，我們提出一種植基於向量量化編碼法的灰階影像檢索技術。向量量化編碼法是一種極為簡單的影像壓縮技術。我們應用這個編碼法，來萃取出灰階影像內容的特徵值。同時我們也計算出整張影像與影像中間位置的像素平均值，作為日後檢索影像時過濾掉影像資料庫中不需要比對特徵值的依據。\r 我們所提出的方法能有效地萃取影像內容的特徵值並且讓使用者可以快速且正確地查詢到所需要的影像。當影像資料庫中存在與查詢影像完全相同的影像時，我們的檢索技術都能在第一時間第一順位檢索出這張影像。即便影像資料庫中不存在與查詢影像完全相同的影像時，我們的檢索技術平均74.3%也能在第一時間前五個順位檢索出最相似的影像。\r \r With the coming of the information age, our sociological system change extensively, and everything has moves toward digitization. Due to the rapid development of Internet, information technology, the rapid growth of image databases and digital libraries recently, the related researches of image retrieval have become a very important issue. In this memoir, we propose an image retrieval scheme based on the vector quantization to retrieve similar images from the image database according to the pre-collected image features. Vector quantization is a very simple image compression scheme. We have applied vector quantization to extract features from grayscale image. In order to speed up the retrieval process, we also calculated the mean pixel values of whole images and the central part of the image to filter the images, which are significantly dissimilar to the query image.\r The experimental results show that our proposed approaches can effectively extract features from the image and enable users to retrieve images from image database quickly and accurately. When images stored in image database match query image, the proposed scheme can instantly retrieve the stored image at the first rank. Even though images stored in image database query image exactly, the proposed scheme can instantly retrieve the stored image over 74.3% at the first five ranks.

本研究是藉由數學手法探討；如何由一疊 36 張四種花色的撲克牌中，尋找出保證可猜中最多張花色的方法。研究過程是以在適當的猜牌時機，以邏輯推理、二進位、分析與歸納 … … 等數學原理與方法，搭配巧妙的策略運用而達到目的。 猜牌方法：先約定好猜牌規則，助手將 36 張牌背圖樣相同但非對稱的撲克牌，以旋轉牌背的方向傳達訊息。在本研究中得出「經由巧妙的猜牌方法保證可以猜中不少於 26 張花色」，並得出「當總張數趨近於無窮大時，保證可以猜中不少於 81 . 07 ％的牌，並且證出若僅使用獨立的訊息猜牌，無論任何猜牌方法皆無法猜中多於 87 . 37 ％的牌」 · 其中一個猜中多於 80 ％的例子是‘「當總張數等於 23006 張時，保證可以猜中不少於 1 8405 張牌（18405/23006 > 4/5）」 ·The study is mathematically based with reasonable explanations behind it. We are to correctly guess as many cards as possible from a deck of 36 cards, with random numbers and four different suits. We will apply mathematical methods, such as logic inference, binary system, and analytical reduction, upon right timing. Using careful arrangement of the principles and reasoning, we can reach our ultimate goal. To state guessing: Conference between the guesser and the assistant about the guessing rules, the assistant will have 36 cards with the same exact pattern on the back but not symmetrical. The pattern of the cards will be different when rotated 180o. The only communication between the two is by rotating cards. In this study, we can prove that through mathematical method, we can assure 26 or more cards can be correctly guessed. Furthermore, when the total amount of cards is close to infinity, we can assure 81.07% or more of the cards can be correctly guessed, and prove that if the cards are guessed from independent information, no more than 87.37% of the cards will be correctly guessed by any guessing methods. One of the examples, which 80% of the cards are correctly guessed, is that when the amount of the cards is 23006, 18405 or more of the cards can be correctly guessed. （18405/23006 > 4/5）

Adducin蛋白在細胞骨架的調節上扮演著重要的角色。然而，近來有許多研究指出，骨架蛋白也會出現在細胞核並參與轉錄調控，因此本研究的目的即在探討adducin蛋白是否會進入細胞核中，並參與轉錄調控或具有其他功能。在本研究中，我們將綠色螢光蛋白(GFP)標示的adducin質體DNA，利用轉染技術送入老鼠纖維母細胞株NIH3T3中表現。NIH3T3細胞原本並無adducin蛋白的表現，在共軛焦顯微鏡下觀察，野生型的GFP-adducin蛋白會表現於細胞核與細胞質中。由於adducin蛋白尾端序列攜有可能往核內運輸的訊號，於是將位在此一訊號中的離胺酸718及離胺酸719進行突變，結果發現此一突變株只能在細胞質中表現。此外，蛋白磷酸脢C(protein kinase C)已知能磷酸化adducin蛋白在絲胺酸716及絲胺酸726的位置，於是假設其磷酸化是否與其在細胞內的分布有關。將adducin的絲胺酸726置換成丙胺酸，並不影響其在細胞內的分布。然而將絲胺酸716置換成丙胺酸後，則完全只在細胞核中表現。由於adducin可分布於細胞核，因此我們懷疑adducin蛋白可能與細胞分裂有關，於是本研究利用流式細胞儀分析adducin轉染後NIH3T3細胞的細胞週期。流式細胞儀的分析結果顯示，攜有GFP-adducin或其突變株的細胞與未經轉染的NIH3T3細胞的細胞週期並沒有顯著差異。其次，為了避免因轉染的效率不高而造成統計上的誤差，我們利用顯微鏡追蹤技術觀察攜有GFP-adducin的細胞株，結果顯示攜有adducin突變株的NIH3T3細胞株仍能正常分裂。再者，因為adducin能與細胞骨架中的肌動蛋白結合，所以adducin不同的分布位置可能影響細胞附著與細胞展延的效率。細胞展延試驗的結果顯示，adducin及其突變株對細胞附著與細胞展延的效率並無明顯的影響。本研究的結果證明，adducin的確帶有往核內運輸的訊號，其在細胞質中的分布可能也同時受到絲胺酸716磷酸化的影響。然而adducin的功用似乎與纖維母細胞的分裂與展延無明顯的關聯性。Adducin, an actin binding protein, is known to play an important role in the regulation of the membrane cortical cytoskeleton. More and more evidence indicates that proteins involved in the cytoskeletal regulation could also reside in the nucleus and participate in gene regulation. Thus, the goal of this study is to examine whether adducin is expressed in the nucleus and involved in certain nuclear events. In this study, adducin and its various mutants were fused with green fluorescent protein (GFP) and transfected into mouse NIH3T3 fibroblasts which do not have endogenous adducin for monitoring their subcellular distribution under a laser scanning confocal microscope. The wild-type GFP-adducin was found to be present both in the nucleus and in the cytoplasm. The COOH-tail of adducin contains a motif analogous to the nuclear localization signal (NLS). Mutation of two lysine residues (lysine 718 and lysine 719) located within this motif abolished the nuclear localization of adducin. Moreover, adducin is known to be phosphorylated by protein kinase C at serine 716 and 726. Substitution of adducin serine 726 with alanine had no effect on its subcellular localization. In contrast, substitution of adducin serine 716 with alanine led to only nuclear expression. Nuclear localization of adducin renders it possible that adducin may be involved in the regulation of cell division cycle. For cell cycle analysis, flow cytometry was applied. The results of flow cytometry indicated that expression of adducin and its mutants in NIH3T3 fibroblasts did not affect their cell cycle progression. To further examine the effect of adducin on cell division, NIH3T3 cells transiently transfected by adducin were monitored by time lapse video microscopy. The video clearly showed that the cells with GFP-adducin underwent cell division to generate two daughter cells. Since adducin is well known to bind to actin and thereby regulate microfilaments, we wondered that expression of adducin in NIH3T3 cells might affect their adhesion and spreading onto extracellular matrix proteins. The results of cell spreading assays showed that adducin appeared not to affect cell spreading. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that the subcellular distribution of adducin is likely regulated by two signals, one is the nuclear localization signal and the other is the phosphorylation status of the serine 716. However, enforced expression of exogenous adducin in fibroblasts such as NIH3T3 cells does not alter their cell cycle or cell spreading on fibronectin.

由於一氧化碳之毒性氣體無色無味且不易發現，對我們的生活造成嚴重的威脅，本作品建構出一套可發布警報、能在極短的時間轉化一氧化碳的毒氣淨化器，也進而說明其獨特性與前瞻性。 \r 本研究的核心，在於室溫下能啟動金觸媒的轉化機制，亦針對平常少被討論、以含浸法製作的金觸媒加以分析和提升，發現利用NH4OH 鹼溶液處理方式並以573K 的O2?燒處理活化觸媒，能有效提升1%Au/Al2O3觸媒對CO+O2的反應活性。使用相同製備方式在Au/TiO2觸媒上於250K 即可達到100％的CO 轉化率。創造一個簡易的流程來製備高活性的觸媒，其作用活性的範圍溫度也相當廣。 \r 本淨化器在實驗中的運作狀況下，能完全轉換一氧化碳含量至低於中毒安全標準內，本系統還設計一道封閉閘門，有利於金觸媒的活性封存。 \r 本作品具有較低成本的觸媒量產流程與材料，觸媒本身也可回收後再活化，此能更符合觸媒市場需要；機體器材替換容易、安全性高等能有效避免中毒意外的發生。

從小習染之餘，對篆刻藝術的濃厚興趣及對電腦程式之熱愛，萌生將篆刻藝術與電腦 科技結合，於是應用PHP（Professional Home Page）的文字圖形（Text Image）處理功能 將中華文化之篆刻藝術透過網際網路推廣到世界各角落。本研究規劃建置了一個 FreeBSD Server 可完善處理PHP 功能的作業平台、應用PHP 的文字圖形處理功能，編 寫可在線上DIY 設計印章的程式，以及藉由Java Script 的技術在Client 端建立一個人 性化且相容性高之使用者界面網頁，達到提供多語系、多功能、依使用者偏好作調整 印章及輸出分享的功能。為使非漢語系國家能深刻體驗中華篆刻藝術，本研究同時建 立一個超過三萬筆之由英文名音譯中文名的資料庫，提供給使用者切身的服務。 Inspired by the interest of the art of seal engraving and the love for the computer programming beginning from my childhood, I combine the art of seal engraving and computer technology, and apply the Text-Image's function of PHP to promote the seal-engraving art of Chinese culture via the Internet to everywhere around the world. This project constructs a FreeBSD Server to process PHP platform perfectly, applies the Text-Image's function of PHP to write a program for online DIY pattern design, and uses Java Script to establish a human and compatible user-interface web page for clients to provide multi-language, multi-function, and being able to adjust pattern according to the user's preference and output sharing functions. This project also sets up a database of English-Chinese translation of over thirty thousand English terms to help people who are not Chinese to experience the art of seal engraving.

現今日常生活充斥著有機污染物，然而處理含有有機污染物的廢水需要極高的成本，有鑑於此，我們參考Fenton Reaction，從成本、毒性、活化能、操作方便性、二次污染及經濟效益的多方考量下，選擇以分子篩來固定鐵、鈷、鎳、錳、鋅之金屬離子，並決定以鐵分子篩為研究主軸，並探討其催化過氧化氫對有機物的分解。鑒於粉末狀的分子篩容易流失，我們以陶土固定分子篩，製作成反應杯槽，發現了分子篩與陶土的結合性。接著藉由二氧化碳感測器及光譜儀來感測有機物的分解速率，在控制溫度，濃度等條件下，探討分解有機物的反應及其反應時的特性。由實驗結果得知，分子篩能有效分解簡單醇類、氯仿、四氯化碳及indigo。使用0.35克陶土鐵分子篩，1M 以下的雙氧水50ml，其分解異丙醇所生成二氧化碳的速率可達0.34-0.55ppm/sec 之間（3.1-4.9×10-9mol/sec），此外有機氯化物分解後生成無毒性的氯離子；indigo染料分解後褪色。本實驗證實，陶土鐵分子篩：一、可以重複使用；二、可在較低濃度環境下運作；三、在酸性較弱環境下運作；四、可在低溫環境下運作(10℃)；五、不須對大量鐵離子做沉澱回收的工作（此五點優於Fenton Reaction）。相較於TAML 等人工合成的催化劑雖有避免污染的優點，但卻有無法重複使用的缺點，綜合以上幾點看來，陶土鐵分子篩在操作方便性及經濟與環境保護上具有相當的潛力及價值。With organic pollutants everywhere and the high cost to dispose of them, this study, a two-stage experiment, aimed first to evaluate the efficiency of zeolite with different metal ions and then to compare their rates in reacting to the decomposition of organic matter with hydrogen peroxide as the catalyst. Since zeolite powder can be easily washed away, we tested zeolite with clay to hold such metal ions as Fe, Co, Ni, Mn, and Zn and finally used the Argillaceous Fe-zeolite for its superiority on the basis of cost, toxin, activation energy, easy operation, and contamination. A carbon dioxide sensor and a spectrometer for visible light were used to measure the decomposition rate of organic matter under controlled temperature and resolution concentrations. The results of the experiments showed that zeolite achieved excellent effects in decomposing organic chlorides such as lower alcohols, chloroform, and carbon tetrachloride. When 0.35g of zeolite and less than 1M of hydrogen peroxide resolution were used the rate of carbon dioxide production reached 0.34-0.35 ppm/sec (3.1-4.9x10-9 mol/sec). The decomposition of organic chloride produced nontoxic Cl and the indigo dye faded after it was decomposed. Our experiments proved that Argillaceous Fe-zeolite has the following five advantages over Fenton Reaction. First, it can be reused. Second, it performed well at lower concentrations. Third, it worked well under weak acid conditions. Fourth, it worked at a lower temperature (20℃). And finally, there was no need to recycle a large amount of Fe ions. Argillaceous Fe-zeolite was also found to be superior to TAML, which has the advantage of avoiding contamination but is not reusable. The above observation and discussion demonstrate that Argillaceous Fe-zeolite possesses very significant value in terms of easy application, economy, and environmental protection.

RNA 病毒在複製過程中容易產生錯誤，導致其族群具中有很大的遺傳歧異度，累積的錯誤再加上選汰的壓力造成往後之變異。由於RNA 基因體之病毒變異較大，使得RNA 病毒在單一寄主上具有quasispecies 的特性，提供病毒產生新基因體的機會以適應環境或演化成新病毒。例如流行性感冒病毒與之前造成恐慌的嚴重急性呼吸道症候群病毒(severe acute respiratorysyndrome,SARS)以及禽流感病毒 (avain influenza virus) 皆為RNA 病毒，意味著RNA 病毒知不穩定性，並容易造成一些目前我們無法及時反應的危害。大部分的植物病毒又為RNA 病毒，本研究將以竹嵌紋病毒 ( Bamboo mosaic virus , BaMV )及其衛星核酸 (satellite RNA, satBaMV)為材料，進一步探討核?酸序列之變異對其族群在複製競爭上的影響。