Poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase-1 對細胞內DNA damage修補的調控
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1)是一個細胞核內的酵素，它可以被因DNA damage\r 而形成的DNA片段活化，並將NAD(+)上的ADP-ribose轉載到結合蛋白質。這些結合蛋白質對\r 於DNA的合成、DNA的修補、以及細胞週期的調控都有關係。因此，PARP-1被認為是維持基\r 因完整性的重要角色。根據初步的研究，抑制PARP-1的活性對許多疾病的治療都可能有效，\r 其中包括癌症、心臟病、中風、糖尿病、發炎以及反轉錄病毒的感染。然而，以藥物抑制一\r 個對DNA修補這麼重要的酵素會有什麼潛在的問題呢？為了要得到解答，我們需要進一步了\r 解PARP-1在DNA damage反應的機能。在這一份報告中，我製造了一個失去活性的PARP-1突變\r 種，即E988K。經過對E988K詳細的研究，我將比較及分析PARP-1野生型與E988K之間不一樣\r 的互動蛋白質，希望能對PARP-1所控制的DNA修補有更進一步的了解。\r \r \r Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) is a nuclear enzyme activated by DNA strand breaks\r during DNA damage response and catalyzes the transfer of ADP-ribose units from the substrate NAD(+)\r to acceptor proteins. These acceptor proteins involve in modulation of chromatin structure, DNA\r synthesis, DNA repair, transcription, and cell cycle control. Thus, PARP-1 is believed to play an\r important role in maintaining genome integrity through modulation of protein-protein and protein-DNA\r interactions. PARP-1 has been the target for design of inhibitors for over twenty-five years. Inhibitors of\r the activity of PARP-1 have been claimed to have applications in the treatment of many disease states,\r including cancer, cardiac infarct, stroke, diabetes, inflammation and retroviral infection. However, are\r there potential problems associated with inhibition of this DNA-repair enzyme? To answer this question,\r we need to further understand the biological function of PARP-1 during DNA damage response. In this\r report, an enzyme dead mutant (E988K) of PARP-1 was generated. Detailed studies of E988K show that\r E988K could be used in the following studies. Compare and identify the different associated proteins of\r PARP-1 wild-type and E988K will shed light into the molecular mechanism of PARP-1-mediated DNA\r repair.
直接乙醇燃料電池之觸媒層研究
直接乙醇燃料電池以酒精與氧氣透過氧化還原反應產生電能，但化學反應緩慢，需利用觸媒以增加其速率。本實驗目的在於盡可能找出一個表現最佳的觸媒。本實驗利用活性碳粉作為觸媒（鉑、錫）的載體，以酸性（HNO3）與鹼性（NaOH）環境分別處理碳粉，再以含浸法與多元醇含浸法將觸媒還原。我們得到以HNO3 處理的碳粉無法保有原碳粉的型態，較利用NaOH 處理為差。在觸媒製備方面，多元醇含浸法還原效果比含浸法可得到較小的觸媒尺寸，在本實驗中，溶液中鉑與加入的碳粉重量比為3:7 時，可得到最大的反應面積。此外，當鉑與錫原子數比為4:1 時，可得到最大的乙醇氧化電流。Direct ethanol fuel cell is a kind of power source which generates electrical power by a redox reaction involving ethanol fuel and oxygen. However, this reaction takes place slowly; therefore, catalyst is needed to improve its activity. The goal of this project is to get an optimize catalysts ratio to obtain the best catalyst activity. Activated carbon is used as the support of catalyst (platinum and tin) particles in this project, which is pre-treated in acid (HNO3) and alkaline (NaOH) solutions respectively. Then, the precursor is reduced by impregnation and EG-impregnation. We learned that activated carbon pre-treated with NaOH activates better than which pre-treated with HNO3 because the latter bear less resemblance than the former. As for the catalyst, the results of EG-impregnation show smaller size of catalyst particles than those of impregnation. In this project, when the ratio of the weight of platinum and activated carbon added into the solution is 3:7, we can get the largest surface area. In addition, when the ratio of the amount of platinum and tin atoms is 4:1, we can get the largest current of ethanol oxidation.
關於渦旋
A professor once told me that scientists have already known a lot about vortices, but less about how to tackle with them in here and there cases. As to my mind, this means knowing by halves. As a matter of fact, I gradually found that human may not know more than a dragonfly! A dragonfly flying in a figure of eight pattern does know about Vortices Recycling. The highlight of the experiment is the hovering ability upon a fixed point in the air. Who can stay longer will be the king of Vortices. Sometimes I am not so optimistic about mimicking a fly or a bat, but I am really very interesting in discovering which flying mechanism is more effective,『Fling Mechanism』 or 『In a figure of eight pattern』, if with the same weight and energy? How to implement their mechanism in our flying machine? It is always the best policy to do naturally with vortices. The conservation of vortices is found here and there. Vortex itself is energetic. To gain means to keep. The one who is able to keep vortices will be rewarded. As in life generation and the ability of hovering, the rule follows. Typhoons and tornados still threat us like the beasts. And what’s more, a jumbo-airplane was crashed as beaten by tip vortices of the former airplane. As the dragonflies, the beautiful acrobats of vortices , infuse in tip vortices. Not the strong contradistinction did we realize that it is time for vortices!研究渦旋已經四年。四年之中，涉獵了許多關於渦旋的實驗。當我越了解渦旋，就越佩服那些卓越的昆蟲朋友們，他們可說是調配利用渦旋的大師。從候鳥遷徙的V字型隊伍、海豚的渦旋氣球、到蜻蜓八字型的飛行機制，我很想知道：在一個固定的流場中，到底哪一種運動機制，能最有效率的提供上升的力量？而如何將昆蟲朋友們的高超技術，運用到人類飛行載具上？將是我有興趣的另一項課題。『關於渦旋』是一系列渦旋實驗，目的就是自基礎開始深入了解在地球這樣環境下渦旋的性質。（一）探討基礎的渦旋本質（二）產生相對運動下物體的的渦旋架構（三）物體取得升力和失去升力的要件（四）昆蟲飛行機制探密（五）未來展望與渦旋的運用經過長時間的觀察可以了解到：1、渦旋遵守動量守恆。是以渦旋出現時是成對的2、渦旋是具有能量的。在上升力取得方面，當攻角過大時，渦旋剝離，造成能量的損失；以至於飛行載具失速。而蜻蜓是保有渦旋並加以利用的高手，自然事半功倍。順勢而為，渦旋增強。
凸多邊形完美分割線的尋找
1) First, we studied the properties of lines and segments that bisect a triangle’s perimeter. By observing the properties, we found a “revolving center” what we defined. We employed the revolving center in the construction with ruler and compass to make “triangle’s perimeter bisectors” that pass the points we desire. Later, we found out the “envelope\r curves’” equations of the “perimeter bisectors” on the triangle’s two sides are parabolic curves. Moreover, the focus of this parabolic is just as same as the revolving center. 2) The curves envelope of area bisectors formed a hyperbolic curves. By similar method of constructing a “perimeter bisector”, we can also construct an “area bisector”’ by using the hyperbolic curve’s focus. We accidentally found out that we can construct the tangent of the conic by using our method, too. Different from the information we found, It supplies a easier method to construct the tangent of a conic. 3) With the rules of constructing perimeter (area) bisectors, we can expand the method to constructing the “perimeter (or area) bisectors” of any convex polygons. 4) We call the lines that bisect the convex polygon’s perimeter and area at the same time the "perfect bisect lines”. Based on the properties of the” perimeter bisectors” and the “area bisectors” in our research, we found out that the” perfect bisect lines” pass the intersection of the” perimeter bisector’s effective segment” and the hyperbolic. Thus, we can construct the “perfect bisect lines”. Moreover, we proved the esistence of the “perfect bisect lines.”1. 首先我們先探討三角形等分周長線的性質，利用性質及觀察等周線的變化，我們找到可利用本研究所稱的「旋轉中心」，以尺規作圖的方式，作出「任意點的三角形等分周長線」。接著我們導出三角形兩邊上等周線所包絡而成的曲線方程式為一條拋物線的曲線段。進而發現上述的旋轉中心，即為等周線所包絡而成拋物線的焦點。2. 三角形兩邊上等積線所包絡出的曲線是一條雙曲線的曲線段。利用等周線的尺規作圖，我們找到同樣可利用焦點當旋轉中心做出等分面積線。意外的發現出圓錐曲線的切線作圖，皆可利用我們的研究方式(有別於已查出的文獻上記載)，較快速的作出切線。3. 利用三角形等周線(或等積線)的尺規作圖，可擴展到「過任意定點作出凸多邊形的等周線(或等積線)」。4. 我們將同時分割凸多邊形等周長與等面積的分割線稱為「完美分割線」。利用三角形研究出的等周線與等積線相關性質，我們找出完美分割線必通過同角的等周有效段與等積曲線段之交點。利用這結果可作出完美分割線。並進一步，我們證明出凸多邊形完美分割線的存在性。
網路監控與家庭自動化系統之研究
The paper presents a new technique for the Internet monition and control system. The user not only can “watch” the current operation of remote home appliances from the client computer, but also directly control the behavior of remote home appliances through the Internet network. In the mean while, concerning the interface between users and appliances, the virtual reality is combined into the system so that users operate the system easily. First, virtual reality, CGI , HEML . I/O control code, 8255 I/O card and CCD are applied in the server computer to control and “watch” home appliances. Next, the client computer is connected to the sever computer through the Internet WWW(World Wide Web) network. Then, the user can control remote home appliances directly through the homepage. Finally, the experiment results are presented and discussed.本研究提出一種高效率且易維護的網路監控技術，從遠端確實“看”到監控系統現場動作，並下達控制指令。同時顧慮到使用者操作介面，結合虛擬實境，讓使用者可更輕鬆操作。首先，伺服端結合VR(虛擬實境)、CGI技術、基本的HTML、I/O控制指令、8255 I/O介面卡及CCD(網路攝影機)，應用於家用電氣，接著用戶端透過WWW全球資訊網連上伺服端首頁，然後依首頁之畫面，來達到遠端監控與家庭自動化之目的。
免疫治療的新展望：從一個疾病的動物模式，探討樹突狀細胞的培養與分析
胰島素依賴型糖尿病(insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus; IDDM)是一種胰島素無法正常分泌的自體免疫疾病;而NOD老鼠(non-obese diabetic mouse，NOD)的病徵與其非常相似。藉由觀察NOD老鼠發病前後外顯行為及疑導組織切片的差異，我們認為胰島素依賴型糖尿病的致病機轉是因為T細胞工及胰島組織中製造胰島素的β細胞，使胰島素分泌不足而引起糖尿病；而樹突狀細胞(dendritic cell，DC)是調控淋巴細胞反映的重要調節細胞，未來可望利用樹突狀細胞進行胰島素依賴型糖尿病的免疫調控治療。本實驗即是利用IL-4、GM-CSF使NOD老鼠的骨隨幹細胞分化樹突狀細胞，並藉由控制NOD老鼠的年紀與的數突狀細胞培養天數，希望取得較多的數突狀細胞，以利未來免疫治療之用。Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is a spontaneously occurring autoimmune disease in which cellular immune components mediate destruction of the insulin-producing βcells of the pancreas. It begins with an asymptomatic stage during theβcells are gradually destroyed. These patients have to depend on injecting insulin to lower their blood glucose, facing the dander of being infected. So we want to research into the cause of IDDM by model animal- NOD mouse (non-obese diabetic mouse). We observe the differences of exterior behavior and sections of pancreas organization between NOD mice and normal ones. It has been shown that the immunophological mechanism of IDDM is T cells destroy βcells of genetically predisposed individuals and result in insufficiency of insulin-producing. Dendritic cells(DC), having great Ag-presenting ability, are related to IDDM. We cultivate bone marrow stem cells of 5-week-old,8-week-old, and 21-week-old NOD mice treated with IL-4,GM-CSF and make them differentiate into dendritic cells. The result shows that using 8-week-old NOD mice to cultivate will get the largest amount of dendritic cells. We also compare the percentage of differentiated DCs for 6 days’ culture with 9 days’,and we find that 9 days’is better. Dendritic cells are the effect Antigen-presenting cells which can be used for immunotherapy of IDDM , though , its complicated mechanism still needs further researching and developing. We hope in the future IDDM patients could get rid of the suffering of injecting insulin in their whole life.
倒車攝影機影像之變形校正
與傳統的鏡頭比較起來，廣角鏡頭可取得較大範圍的影像，所以廣泛地運用在很多地方，例如倒車攝影機、內視鏡、防盜警眼等，但是其影像會有很大的變形失真，容易造成人類眼睛的錯覺與誤判。本篇研究以倒車攝影機為例，使用了多項式函數來校正其影像的變形與失真，從程式實作的校正結果看來，我們的方法之效果還不錯，相信同樣的模式可用來校正其他使用廣角鏡頭的儀器設備之變形影像。 Compared with the traditional lens, wide-angle lens can make images of larger range, so they are widely used in a lot of places, such as move backward cine-cameras, laparoscopes, and burglarproof eyes. The drawback is that the images distort a lot and may cause the illusion to human eyes and lead to erroneous judgments. This reserch takes the backward cine-camera as example and utilizes multinomial function to correct the deformation and distortion of the image. The results show that the method we use are quite effective and the model can be applied to other equipment with wide-angle lens.
魚洗水跳現象的探討
In the previous year study, we assumed that the fish basin as a column-shape model in order to exam and explain how the water spouting. This year, we established a reality-like situation of the fish basin to construct our theory base. At this point, round-waves and up-down waves are found as the beginning point of the water spouting. The sound from the basin is the frequency of the vibrations. Meanwhile, this process enables us to understand the causes of four, six, and eight waves. In addition, we tried to change the basin's positions, the capacities of water, the densities of liquids, and the sizes of the containers to demonstrate the theory. Furthermore, we used similar containers, such as high-heel cup and big magnetic bowl to experiment. The results are also corresponded with the theory. These results can also be used to explain the Chinese aeolian bell, clock, shaking bell, etc. That is a major innovation for us. Finally, we obtain better understanding of the abstractive theory though the simulation of the computerized photographs. 魚洗，也稱龍洗，傳說是中國唐宋時代皇帝洗臉的臉盆，內底四條魚紋，麟尾畢具。洗內盛水後，用手摩擦其兩個雙耳，立即發出響亮的嗡鳴聲，並出現美麗了漣漪，水珠四濺，摩擦越快，聲音越響，波浪翻騰，水珠越烈。對此在上一年度的研究中，是將洗盆視為圓柱狀，然後由圓柱狀所建立的模型去解釋水跳的原因，初步瞭解了水跳的原因。今年我們以洗盆真實的情況建立理論模型，在殼體產生共振的圓形駐波及上下駐波，此為水跳產生點，此時殼體發出的聲音就是共振的頻率。也瞭解了有四個、六個、八個、十個波腹的原因。並以改變殼體不同位置、水量、液體密度及洗盆大小等變因應證模型，結果與理論相符合。繼而以高腳杯、大磁碗等類似魚洗盆構造的容器，加以實驗應證，也能符合此理論。甚可推到中國古時候的編鐘、搖鈴、風鈴等器材。對於我們總認為碰撞就產生聲音的觀念實是一大突破。最後經由電腦動畫的模擬，讓此抽象的理論更容易瞭解。