未代表出國作品

市面上可以看到多種品牌紛紛推出了以“啤酒酵母”作為號召的乳製品，標榜健康取向\r 的“啤酒酵母優酪乳”也是其中的一件，我們蒐集了關於啤酒酵母以及乳酸桿菌的文獻，打\r 算研究之間的關係，乳酸菌屬於益生菌，主要的用途是製作優酪乳，可以協助維持體內正常\r 的腸道菌相，降低血清膽固醇以及預防骨質疏鬆症(Rolfe, 2000)；啤酒酵母最主要的用途為\r 啤酒的製作，具有解決失眠、消除疲勞、改善痢疾的功效。外國的克芙爾(kefir)也是屬於含\r 有乳酸桿菌及酵母菌菌相的食品，而且也對健康有益。因此我們提出了一個問題﹕啤酒酵母\r 與乳酸桿菌的代謝產物是否有著互利的功效呢？在拋出第一個問號後我們繼續尋找資料以\r 及著手我們的實驗。在文獻中(Gaon et al.,2003；Corthier et al.,1992,1986)也曾經提及啤酒酵\r 母與乳酸桿菌對於Clostridium difficile 所引起的偽膜性腸炎的關係，所以使我們又想問兩個\r 問題：究竟Ampicillin 對於乳酸桿菌、酵母菌、C. difficile 的影響有多大？而乳酸桿菌及酵\r 母菌對於C. difficile 的影響又是什麼？

本報告的目的在：電腦Cabri 3D 軟體上模擬出「類球狀多面體」（圖1-8），\r 並實作其模型（圖9）與它們的星體（圖10）。「類球狀多面體」的定義如下：\r 可由「正多面體」切出之多面體，且需滿足以下性質：（1） 除「正多邊形」外，\r 其餘皆是「六邊形」。（2）鳥瞰每個「正多邊形」時，形狀皆保持不變。（3）\r 等長的稜數最多。\r 以「正十二面體」切出之「類球狀多面體」為例，（圖1）中兩個「正五邊形」\r 相距一個「六邊形」簡稱A1。（圖2-4）依序為A2、A3 與A5。正二十面體可切\r 得（圖5-6），正六面體可切得（圖7-8），......等。（圖9）為A2 的實體模型，\r （圖10）為A2 的星體模型。

我們在校園內設置兩樣區，從2007 年4 月至2007年6月，共調查9株姑婆芋，93朵佛焰花，以瞭解姑婆芋生活史、傳粉昆蟲生活史及兩者之間的互動關係。 姑婆芋在11 月至7 月花期時會不斷產生佛焰花苞，剛冒出的花苞經過1到3天後，雌蕊漸成熟，佛焰苞會漸漸展開，開始產熱及一些特殊氣味，吸引果蠅科未知種的蠅類傳粉。當胚株受粉後，佛焰苞頸部會閉合，迫使傳粉昆蟲會往上爬到雄蕊部位攜帶花粉，飛至另一株姑婆芋雌蕊上傳粉，因此姑婆芋與傳粉昆蟲之間具有互利共生的關係。佛焰花序主要產生氣味的部位是在附屬物及雄部，而佛焰苞則可以幫助吸引更多傳粉昆蟲。佛焰花序的附屬物及雄部相對溫度較高，可能具有產熱以吸引傳粉昆蟲的功能。 ;Our study started from April, 2007 to June, 2007. We observed a total of 9 Alocasia odora and 93 spathes to help understand the life cycle of these understory clonal herbs, its pollinators, and the relationship between them. Alocasia odora produces spathes continuously during inflorescence. In the female phase, the pistillate part of the inflorescence ripens and an opening appears at the spathe, heat and a special odor is produced to attract pollinators of Drosophilidae. When the ovule is pollinated, the male phase begins and the opening encloses, which forces the pollinators upwards to the staminate part to carry its pollens, and then fly to an other Alocasia odora, Heat and the special odor are produced by the appendix and the staminate part of the inflorescence, and the spathe can increase the number of pollinators attracted. The relationship of mutualism between these two species contribute to the study of coevolution.

本實驗針對隔音材質的特性，如各孔板之孔徑、開孔率，並以夾層做不同孔板配置進行研究。本主題共進行三階段的實驗。第一階段探討不同材質的影響，因材質加工問題，實驗誤差過大；第二階段改以PP 塑膠板探討，因儀器誤差，數據難以解析；第三階段仍以PP 塑膠板探討，並修正實驗步驟，以降低實驗誤差。本報告乃以第三階段實驗結果做探討。為了提高實驗準確度，將整個實驗分成若干組，在實驗前後以空白測試，以減低實驗誤差。利用Excel 軟體，進行各組實驗數據噪音傳送損失之修正與分析。本試驗以125Hz、250Hz、500Hz、1000Hz、2000Hz 及4000Hz 六段週波頻率做測試。由分析結果顯示，孔徑與開孔率、同心圓的排列方式，對噪音傳送損失有顯著的影響。;This experiment is to focus on the properties of sound barriers, such as hole diameter, open areas, and the layout of holing boards. We have performed experiments in three steps. In the first step, we discussed the differences between different kinds of material but found many errors caused from faults in the process of making boards. So in the second step, we chose the ploy-propene board but still found errors from instruments. And in the final step, we used the ploy-propene board again and modified the experiment procedure to lower the error from instruments. The report is based on the final step data. With a view to raise the precision of the experiment, we divided the experiment into several parts with the blank test. We modified and transferred the original data to the noisy transfer loss (TL) in the same intensity level, and analyzed the data with Microsoft Excel. In experiment, we detected the noise-pollution level (dB) in the frequency of 125Hz, 250Hz, 500Hz, 1000Hz, 2000Hz and 4000Hz. According to the result, the hole diameter, open area and the layout of concentric circle have a significant influence on TL.

本實驗使用聚醚亞醯胺溶液製備基本薄膜，由於玻璃態高分子薄膜過於緻密，一直是高分子薄膜在應用上的一大限制，為了在薄膜上製造缺陷，又不會使薄膜之選擇性降低，因此選擇將酸化之奈米碳管(孔徑10~20nm) 加至聚醚亞醯胺薄膜中。本實驗主要為探討添加不同濃度的酸化奈米碳管對聚醚亞醯胺薄膜的滲透率與選擇率的影響，藉由添加0.5 wt%、1 wt%、1.5 wt%、3 wt%、4 wt%等不同濃度的酸化奈米碳管至15 wt% 的聚醚亞醯胺溶液中，並製作薄膜，測試其基本性質與五種氣體(H2、CO2、O2、N2、CH4)的滲透率及不同空氣分子之間的選擇率。我們總共測試了三種薄膜的性質，分別是表面特性、熱穩定性及結晶型與層間距，薄膜的表面性質，能觀察到奈米碳管在薄膜中製造奈米孔隙結構，增加氣體滲透的孔道，能有效增加氣體的滲透率。增加奈米碳管的量，能有效升高第一階段熱裂解的溫度，雖然熱裂解在本實驗中沒有很大的差異，但是還是可以從熱重分析圖中推測不同量的奈米碳管會影響熱穩定性。在X 光繞射實驗中，添加奈米碳管的薄膜與純聚醚亞醯胺薄膜，在結晶相上都屬非結晶型薄膜，添加了奈米碳管的高分子複合薄膜的層間距明顯增大。在氣體滲透實驗中，我們比較了不同氣體或濃度不同的奈米複合薄膜的氣體滲透率，在不同氣體時，氣體的滲透率會隨著奈米碳管濃度增加有明顯的提升，五種氣體滲透率大致依照H2>CO2>O2>N2>CH4 這個趨勢增減。奈米碳管對1.5%增加到3%或4%的奈米複合薄膜滲透率的影響卻減小，由此可以推斷奈米碳管對空氣滲透率並非無限制的增加，在1.5%以後就漸漸趨近最大值。H2為14.89barrer，CO2 為9.51barrer，O2為6.34barrer，N2為6.48barrer， CH4 為3.75barrer 。本研究總共比較了三組氣體的選擇率，分別是CO2/CH4，O2/N2，H2/CH4，分離率最高的是H2/CH4 的，兩分子的粒徑大小差對分離率有極大影響，差愈大，其分離率也愈高。奈米碳管的量改變並不會使薄膜的氣體選擇率明顯增加或減少，但是加入太多奈米碳管其選擇率會變低。在五片薄膜中，1.5%的薄膜有最好的選擇率，奈米碳管的添加量超過1.5%選擇率就會開始下降。綜合滲透率及選擇率可以分析出，添加1.5%奈米碳管的高分子奈米複合薄膜有較高的滲透率，又不會降低選擇率，在利用上比其他濃度的奈米複合薄膜在有害氣體過濾及空氣的分離回收方面產生更好的效果。;This experiment uses Polyetherimide polymers solution to make basic membranes. Because glassy polymer membranes are too dense for gas permeations, it is one of the limitations in their applications. To increase gas permeability and maintain air selectivity, I made some nanogaps on the surface of the membranes by an acidification multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs, kinetic diameter 10~20nm) in the PEI membranes. We mainly want to find if it has some influence between the consistency of acidification MWNTs and gas permeability or selectivity. We mixed 0.5wt% 、1wt%、1.5wt%、3wt%、4wt% acidification Carbon nanotube in 15wt% PEI solution, made membranes and tested the character, five kinds of gas permeability (H2、CO2、O2、N2、CH4) and the selectivity between different gases. We have tested the three nature of membranes, including surface characteristic, TGA and XRD. We can see some nanogapes made by carbon nanotube in the membranes. It could availably increase gas permeability. Mixing more carbon nanotube in the membranes could increase the temperature of the first heat-decomposition. Though the heat-decomposition in this experiment didn’t change a lot, we could say that different percent nanotube would affect the membranes’ heat-decomposition. By the experiment of XRD, the membranes with carbon nanotube and the pure PEI membranes attach to amorphous membranes. Nanocomposite’s de-spacing is bigger than pure membranes. In the experiment of air permeability, we compared different kinds of gas or different percent carbon nanotube of nanocomposite if they have some change of permeability. The conclusion is that air permeability increase as the quantity of nanotube increase. The five kinds of permeability the direction：H2>CO2>O2>N2>CH4.The influence of permeability will decrease when the quantity of carbon nanotube increase from 1.5% to 3% or 4%. We can get the conclusion that the increment of gas permeability isn’t limitary. It drifts towards maximal about 1.5%. H2 is 14.89barrer. CO2 is 9.51barrer. O2 is 6.34barrer. N2 is 6.48barrer. CH4 is 3.75 barrer.This experiment totally compared three groups of air selectivity. They ’re CO2/CH4, O2/N2 and H2/CH4. The maximum of selectivity is H2/CH4. The difference of kinetic diameter affects air selectivity a lot. The quantity of nanotube doesn’t associate with the air selectivity, but mixing too much nanotube will decrease air selectivity. The 1.5% nanocomposite has the highest selectivity. If the consistency of the membranes is higher than 1.5%, the air selectivity will decrease. Depend on the gas permeability and the air selectivity, the 1.5% nanocomposite has higher permeability and constant air selectivity. That shows the 1.5% nanocomposite has a better effect on air selectivity and recycling.

帶電的離子受到垂直的磁場與電場作用，會因為受到洛倫茲力而產生有趣的轉動現象。我們利用上述原理設計簡易的裝置設備，探討電解質溶液不同濃度、不同離子電荷數，受到不同離子間靜電力，產生不同的離子移動速度。經由所測量的時間與圓周運動的距離，可計算電解質的絕對遷移速度。由實驗結果推論在固定電場下，當電解質濃度降低，正、負離子間的相互作用力降低，離子遷移速度(migration velocity)加快，莫耳電導率 Λ（mole conductance)也隨之增加。同濃度時，電解質2-1 價型硝酸銅與2-2 型硫酸銅離子強度(ionic strength)不同，2-2型硫酸銅離子強度較大，遷移速度較小，莫耳電導率Λ 也較小。Because of the effect of Lorentz force, charged ion will have interesting rotation under the vertical magnetic and electric field. We use the above principle to design a simple instrument or tool, in order to evaluate and study the formation of different ionic mirgration velocities. The velocity of the charged ion in the instrument is affected by differences in the electrolyte, the charge differences of the ion tested and the differences in electrostatic forces between ions. From the experiment we can deduct that at a fixed constant electric field, when the concentration of the electrolyte is reduced, the interaction of forces between positive and negative ions will be reduced. When the migration velocity of ions increase, the mole conductivity Λ (mole conductance ) will also increase. At the same concentration, the ionic strength between copper nitrate ( 2-1valency type ) and copper sulfate ( 2-2 valency type ) are not identical. Copper sulfate, a 2-2 valency type has higher ionic strength, the velocity is slower and the mole conductivity Λ is also smaller.

本實驗使用磁流變流體(Magnetorheological fluid, MRF)來估查其磁場作用下的光學性質。本實驗採用Lord公司的MRF-132LD磁流變流體加以稀釋到不同的重量濃度，並以氫氟酸蝕刻玻片產生不同的厚度。吾人觀察到濃度參數以及厚度參數均對MRF薄膜的光繞射產生影響。膜厚越薄，產生的繞射較明顯，而重量濃度較小的容易亦有較大的繞射角度。吾人亦移動上下兩玻片相對位置，施加剪力的作用，繞射現象也產生明顯的改變。\r The Magnetorheological fluid (MRF) is used to observe the optical properties under the vertical magnetic field , The MRF-132LD from Lord Company is used, The MRF is diluted to different weight ratio of particulate and carrier fluid . The different thicknesses of the MR thin film are also made with the diluted MRF. The concentration of the MRF and the thickness of the thin film are both found to have significant effects on the optical diffraction phenomenon. The optical diffraction is also found to be affected by the applied shear force to the thin film.

We inferred the original Feynman triangle theorem from equilateral triangle into common triangle and from same ratios of dividing points into different ones. The conclusions are below： 由原始費曼三角形原理中的正三角形等比例分點問題，推廣至一般三角形的分點等比例及不相同之比例，得到如下之結論：

有鑑於SARS 期間活性碳口罩因原料均從國外進口，而造成活性碳急需用時的短缺，於是我們的研究是以國內最常見的木材自製成活性碳，並探討活性碳對生活週遭常見物質的吸附能力。我們利用六種不同的木材配合兩種活性化方法來製成不同的十二種活性碳，觀察活性碳對有色溶液的吸附效果，發現不同的活性碳對不同的物質有不同的吸附效果。在定量實驗中，我們採用不同大小、不同性質的物質依次為氯離子、氨分子、葡萄糖分子及三氧化二砷等，用十二種不同的活性碳作吸附效果的比較，發現每種物質都有對其具有最佳吸附能力的活性碳。再利用電子顯微鏡觀察並測出活性碳孔洞的大小，將結果與活性碳對各種物質的吸附能力相對應而得知，【1】活性碳的孔洞大小與物質質點相容性大即得最好的吸附效果【2】雖然木材本身並不帶電，但其中所含的礦物質可能會具有電性，所以在必要情況下亦可將電性列入考慮。同時，在現代化的生活環境中，人們與電磁波的接觸已無可避免；而電磁波因頻率的差異而有不同的特性，因此對於人們的影響也不相同，新聞報導中常出現宣稱竹炭具有遮蔽電磁波的效果。於是我們深入地去探討竹炭對電磁波的影響原因。 在我們實際測量過程中發現，基地台、高壓電塔、行動電話和家庭電器所釋放之電磁波總和均在安全範圍之內。竹炭的燒製溫度須達550℃以上才可在內部形成具有導電性的石墨結構才進一步具有屏蔽效果。 ;During the ravage of SARS, a great amount of activated carbon was imported to Taiwan, leading to the shortage of actived carbon for emergent use in our country. In view of this phenomenon, we investigated six kinds of wood that are most commonon the market and processed them into twleve kinds of actived carbon. We found that different actived carbon has distinct adsorptive power on different substances by observing theadsorption in the colored solutions. In quantitative experiments, we applied substances of different sizes and properties (chlorine ions, ammonium ions, glucose molecules, arsenic(Ⅲ) oxide) to compare the adsorption of these twelve kinds of actived carbon. We found that each substance is adsorbed the most by a certain kind of actived carbon. Then we observed the apertures of actived carbon under stereoelectric microscope and contrast the result with adsorption. We had two following findings: Actived carbon has better adsorption if its apertures fit the adsorbate molecule well in size. Wood itself doesn’t have electric charge. But sometimes the minerals contained would enable it to have electric charge. We have to take the electric charge into consideration in the experiment if necessary. At the same time, in a modern life, the contact between us and electronic waves are not avoidable. Electronic waves with different frequency have varied characteristic and therefore cause dissimilar influences on humans. The news reports keep on showing the charcoal can shield us from electronic waves. Therefore, we want to find the causes why the charcoal affects the electronic waves. During the process of the research, we find that the total of all electronic waves released by electricity tower, mobile phones, household electronics are within the secure spec. The charcoal has to be burned higher than 550℃ and then it can generate the electric conduction graphite structure inside and then it can have the shielding function.

Azotobacteraceae 為一單棲固氮菌科，包含Azotobacter 與Azomonas 兩菌屬，在農業上可用來改善缺氮的貧瘠土壤。在分離土壤中的Azotobacteraceae 時，發現非單棲固氮菌與單棲固氮菌間可能具有共生的情形。我們利用優勢培養(缺氮)的方法篩選土壤中的Azotobacteraceae，將優勢培養後所生成的菌落稀釋104~106倍後，能有效分離Azotobacter 與Azomonas，然而低於此稀釋倍率則會形成混合菌落，其中可同時發現單棲固氮菌與非單棲固氮菌存在，推測某些非固氮菌在優勢培養過程中可能可從單棲固氮菌獲得氮源，與之共生。此外亦從菌種形態的差異並配合顯微螢光雜合技術(fluorescence in situ hybridization, FISH)、分子遺傳標記(16S-rDNA)等方式，分析土壤中的Azotobacteraceae，探討單棲固氮菌及其他非單棲固氮菌在培養基上的生長情形、比例及親緣關係。The family Azotobacteraceace is group of free-living nitrogen-fixing bacteria that is found in soil. Two genera are within this family: Azotobacter and Azomonas. Agriculturally, it is often used to improve fertility for nitrogen deficient barren lands. We analyze the Azotobacteraceace according to molecular biology and traditional taxonomy. We used an enrichment procedure to culture the bacteria, and diluted it repeatedly. We found it most suitable to dilute it 104~106 times to best separate Azotobacter from Azomonas. If the concentration were to be higher than this, mixed flora containing many different bacteria species would be found. Moreover, we noticed that non nitrogen-fixing bacteria, symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and free-living nitrogen-fixing bacteria would form a single colony on a nitrogen-deprived medium. This implies that a symbiotic relationship may exist between nitrogen-fixing bacteria and non nitrogen-fixing bacteria. We also discuss the growing situation, the group proportion, and the relationships between free-living nixtron fixing bacteria and other bacteria by morphology, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and molecular biology.