未代表出國作品

雷射光碟（以下簡稱ＣＤ）除了在電腦、音響方面有甚佳的視聽功能外，在光線照射下，呈現彩虹狀的光譜，必定引起你我研究其光學性質的興趣。國內以ＣＤ研究光的繞射的著作，有李偉等四人近三年發表五篇，國外科教期刊自1991年迄今共有19 篇，在老師指導下，利用ＣＤ進行了8 項實驗，分成三大項。1.利用氦氖雷射分別照射舊唱片、ＣＤ、ＤＶＤ，反射光形成繞射現象，由dsinθ=mλ，量出槽距。2.將ＣＤ-R 的鋁層刮掉，（整疊購買的ＣＤ-Ｒ上下有數片未鍍鋁的瑕疵片），成為透光式ＣＤ（透射式光柵），將其中心半徑5.5 公分部份，用黑紙遮住，正對陽光，螺旋狀的溝槽將陽光聚成一點，量出各色光到ＣＤ的距離，可算出色光的波長。3.透射式ＣＤ置於投影機鏡頭前方，投影機置物台上，放置化學藥品，可直接在屏上觀察吸收光譜。The rainbow of colors reflected from the surface of an audio compact disc (CD) is a familiar sight.It is the phenomenon of light diffraction. A standard CD has 20,625 turns of the spiral, and each line is spaced by 1.6μm. This provides a grating of 625 lines/mm. We used ordinary CDs as reflection grating in our experiment,and transparent factory rejects with no coating but printed data spirals as diffraction grating. We conducted eight experiments of diffraction using the two kinds of CD. (a) Determined the grating spacing of an ordinary CD using a laser beam. (b) Determined the grating spacing of a transparent CD using a laser beam. (c) Studied the diffraction patterns caused by a laser beam held at angles to a transparent CD. (d) Measured the wavelengths of sunlight using a transparent CD. (e) Measured the wavelengths of sunlight using an ordinary CD. (f) Formed a rainbow using a transparent CD. (g) Observed the scattering of light using a transparent CD. (h) Demonstrated the absorption spectrum using a transparent CD and an overhead projector.

Because the electrolyte solution used in an alkaline battery is a concentrated KOH solution, the zinc electrode in such a battery undergoes both a charging reaction and a corrosive reaction with the alkaline solution. The corrosive reaction not only reduces the lifetime of the battery but also produces hydrogen, which can cause the battery to explode and burn. Most of the zinc alkaline batteries currently on the market use mercury plating on the zinc electrode to increase its resistance to corrosion. To reduce corrosion of the zinc electrode in an alkaline battery and to avoid the use of toxic mercury, this study aimed to design a device to measure the quantity of hydrogen gas produced during the charging of a zinc-silver battery. We plated the zinc electrode with the immersion electroless plating method, using several different kinds of low-polluting anticorrosive additives(metallic compounds such as lead, tin, and indium)instead of mercury. We also used the vacuum immersion electroless plating method and added zincate ion into electrolyte solution to reduce further the quantity of hydrogen produced. The results of the experiment revealed that either a 10:1 or 100:1 ratio of lead to tin under optimal conditions will yield much better results than mercury.鹼性電池中使用的電解質溶液為濃氫氧化鉀溶液，因此電池中的鋅極除了放電反應之外，也會與濃鹼溶液中發生腐蝕反應。鋅極的腐蝕作用不僅會降低電池放電壽命，而且所產生的氫氣更可能使電池發生爆裂燃燒的危險。目前市面上所售之含鋅鹼性電池，大多是用鋅極鍍「汞」作為鋅極抗腐蝕的方法。為了改善銀鋅鹼性電池中鋅極在放電時的腐蝕效應，以及減少其所產生的氫氣量，本實驗設計了一動態放電裝置，可用於檢測銀鋅電池的放電電壓、放電時間與鋅極腐蝕反應的氫氣生成量。本研究藉由浸鍍其他低污染性金屬溶液 (鉛、錫、銦的化合物)來取代不環保的鍍汞製程，並進一步設計抽真空的浸鍍裝置，以及電解質溶液採用含有ZnO22-的KOH溶液，有效的降低電池中氫氣生成量。最後綜合所有優良條件，以鋅極採用真空浸鍍(Pb:Sn)為(10:1)及(100:1)的條件，此舉非常有效地提高電池中鋅極抗腐蝕性。此項製程所使用的Pb、Sn污染性質遠遠低於目前工業上所使用的汞製程污染，而且製程成本也遠遠低於Hg製程成本。

聲致發光效應(sonoluminesence)為最近二十年來相當新穎的研究領域，其基本原理是利用超聲波將水中的氣泡集中，並使之隨著超聲波快速且連續的膨脹壓縮，當氣泡被壓縮至最小時溫度急遽上升，並放出藍白色的光芒。正因為這是一個嶄新的領域，所以許多實驗是以嘗試錯誤的方法去進行，但也因此發現了一些特殊的現象：1. 氣泡在正常的頻率(30kHz)以外，經過一段不可發光的頻率後，還可在更高頻率(接近40kHz)的地方發光2. 氣泡發光效率曲線在不同性質溶液中的差異3. 針對高頻率發光及雙泡發光的部分，做了兩個相關的假設並進一步驗證，得到了相當特別的結論。至今已有許多關於此研究的成果發表，但對於同時兩顆氣泡存在並發光的雙泡發光現象(double-bubble sonoluminesence)卻還很少人研究。因此我們嘗試較系統化地分析雙泡發光，期望能夠對這個現象有進一步的認識，並對日後的多泡發光(muti-bubble sonoluninesence)研究奠定基礎。Sonoluminescence has been a very popular topic for the past twenty years. Single-bubble sonoluminescence occurs when an acoustically trapped and periodically driven gas bubble collapses so strongly that the energy focusing on collapse leads to light emission. Because it is a new topic, few related experiments on this issue have been carried out before. However, while doing the research and making adjustments at the same time we discovered some special phenomenon: 1. Besides the normal amplitude frequency (30kHz) added on the bubble, we found that after a period of frequency which can not emit, the bubble is able to remain and emit in higher amplitude frequency (about 40 kHz). 2. We also compared the emission efficiency when bubbles are in different liquids. 3. To explain part of the results in high frequency and double-bubble sonoluminescence, we made two assumptions and attempted to demonstrated them in the end of the report. Some research studies in this field have been released already; nevertheless, few people concentrate on “double-bubble sonoluminescence.” Therefore, we attempt to systematically analyze the emission of double-bubble, expecting to have more comprehension of this marvelous effect and also establish the fundamental background to “muti-bubble sonoluninescence.”

微型RNA是最近發現的小RNA，調控生物體內的反應，包括生長、細胞分化、對抗病毒…等。植物利用RNA干擾 (RNAi) 或過敏反應 (HR) 對抗病毒感染。有趣的是，miR168可藉由降解mRNA或抑制轉譯，調控阿拉伯芥AGO1的表達，而AGO1是RNAi的一個重要元件。miR398則調控銅鋅超氧化物歧化? (CSD1, CSD2) 的表達，而CSD1, CSD2負責產生過氧化氫去引發細胞凋亡 (cell apoptosis)。帶有竹嵌紋病毒 (BaMV) 全長基因的轉殖菸草 (Nicotiana benthamiana) 品系27-17是我們的研究材料。27-17的幼葉不具病徵，隨著葉子的生長，病徵會漸漸變嚴重。我發現被病毒感染時，植物會提高AGO1的表達，使RNAi更有效率。然而，病毒藉提高miR168使AGO1的量無法上升。植物亦可提高CSD1, 2 mRNA的量，促進細胞凋亡。病毒卻會引發miR398降解CSD2 mRNA。在病毒力價高的葉子中，雖然CSD2 mRNA降低且miR398升高，植物仍可大量提高CSD2蛋白的量。CSD1 mRNA沒有被miR398負調控，詳細原因仍有待研究。

紙杯底部用蠟燭燻出碳黑，經數位相機閃光拍攝後會聽到爆鳴聲。探討的結果為爆鳴聲是由相機的閃光與碳黑之間的互動所引起，甚且到冒煙程度。\r 探討結果得到爆鳴聲大小會受電場、溼度的影響而且碳黑量愈多，電子傳遞路徑會縮短、導電性則增高，且與產生的電量接近線性關係。\r 發現波長較短的可見光可形成較多的電荷；若照度大、受照射面積大或碳黑的粒徑小，這些會產生較多的電量。\r 經由電顯及AFM圖可知去漬油、蠟燭、瓦斯、95汽油、酒精燃燒後產生的碳黑，大小範圍都是在30nm~100nm範圍內。將蠟燭碳黑接受不同次數的閃光後，看出表面碳粒會變成灰燼。

The purpose of the research is to investigate the settling mode of the viscid micro-particle, such as the ones from the “Miso Soup”, in static liquid. We constructed the “constant temperature environment” by constant temperature trough and transparent glass trough. The data is gathered from pictures captured from DV and then analyzed by Media Player. We did a stability test prior to the start of the experiment and found the system with good stability. The results of the experiment are as followed: 1. The settling mode can be divided into four phases: (a) Initial accelerated phase (b) Maximum phase (c) Gradually decelerated phase (d) Stationary phase. 2. The lower the fluid concentration is in the fixed temperature: a. the faster its settling interfaces appears; and the deeper it becomes for the depth of its settling interface. b. the faster the maximum sedimentation rates of the settling interface becomes and the slower it appears. 3. At the fixed concentration, the higher temperature: a. has the bigger maximum sedimentation rates of the settling interface b. gets to the stationary phase sooner c. has shallower stationary settling interfaces d. the time when the settling interface appears is independent with the temperature 4. The shape of the container has no effect on the settling mode as the settling interface is always perpendicular to gravity field. 5. If we add salt into the liquid, the stationary settling interfaces of the result will be higher than non-added ones.本研究的目的在於探討味噌這樣的微小黏性顆粒，在靜止液體中的沈澱模式。運用恆溫槽與透明玻璃水槽所建構之恆溫環境透過數位攝影機，以電腦播放軟體於特定時間擷取畫面進行分析。在正式實驗前，進行了穩定性試驗，發現穩定性良好。實驗的結果發現：一、 沈降模式：可以分為四個時期，分別為（一）起始加速期（二）高峰期（三）逐漸穩定期（四）完全靜止期。二、 在固定溫度下，溶液濃度越低：(一) 出現沈降交界面的時間越短且穩定距離距液面越深。(二) 沈降面沈降速率最大值越大且出現的越晚。三、 在固定濃度下，溶液溫度越高：(一) 沈降面沈降速率最大值越大。(二) 沈降交界面完全靜止期出現的時間越短，也就是越快達到穩定。(三) 沈降交界面的穩定距離距液面越淺。(四) 沈降面沈降速率最大值出現的時間與溶液的溫度無關。四、 容器內部的形狀與沈降面的沈降行為並沒有影響，都是成與重力場垂直的水平線沈降。五、 添加食鹽之後最終穩定沈降面比同濃度同溫度的高了許多。表示添加了食鹽對於味噌溶液有阻止沈澱的效果。

我們先假設有一正方體及一截過正方體之平面，並設正立方體為一k*k*k 之立體。為計算平面截過之單位正立方體個數，我們必須先分別計算各層被切過之個數再將之相加，因此將各層面投影至同一平面，簡化為平面上之問題，並討論其性質／規律，計算平面截此正立方體之個數。如此，便可以一般化數學式計算平面截正立方體個數之問題。接著，用以上方法為基礎，討論各種平面切正立方體之類型，將被平面所截之單位立方體個數以電腦程式算出，觀察數字變化及其性質規則，並找出最大值發生之條件。 We initially supposed that there are a regular hexahedron consists of unitary n × n cubes and a plane which incises the regular hexahedron. To calculate the total number of the unitary cubes incised by the plane, we can first calculate them layer by layer and then sum them up. And further, we project each layer on the same plane, so the three-dimensional problem is simplified into two-dimension. By making use of the character which results from projection, we can easily calculate the number of the unitary cubes incised. Consequently, we are able to calculate them with a general equation. Afterward, we research each circumstance that the plane incises the regular hexahedron on the base of the mentioned methods. Calculate them with self-designed computer programs, and observe the regulation and change of the result. Furthermore, we can find out when it will achieve the maximum.

本研究欲探討垂直水柱遇障礙物成節的形成機制。以數位照相機、光電計時器等進行觀測。 實驗結果如下： （一）因往返水柱波速不同，而且節無波腹大幅振動現象，故節不是駐波現象。 （二）細針插入水柱表面時，當針上方超過某長度後，針下方產生Ｖ字形震波。但不論針相對水柱的速度是否超過波速，針上方都有節，故不是震波所產生的現象。 （三）根據水波槽模擬實驗，不論木條是否超過波速，木條前方均產生波紋。木條前方的水受到木條推動，往前方加速，因此顯現出波紋了。 我們認為，在水柱中所看到的節，不是震波或駐波，而是相對於木條往前傳遞的波。波源是撞擊物，改變了水柱表面的壓力，而成為波源，水柱的水因受撞擊，某個範圍內流速會小於波速，使得撞擊物前方存在波紋。This experiment uses digital camera and photoelectric timer to discuss the mechanism of causing spouts to form nodes on its surface. Because the downward wave velocity of the spout is different from that upwardand there are no significant vibrations of antinodes, standing waves are not the mechanism of causing nodes. In the experiment of inserting a needle into the spout, we found out that while the needle was inserted above a certain length of the spout, v shaped bow waves emerged. However, no matter the velocity of the needle related to the spout is over the wave velocity, there are always nodes above the needle. Therefore, bow waves are not the mechanism of causing nodes. According to the ripple tank simulating experiment, no matter whether the speed of the wooden stick is faster than the wave velocity or not, there are always waves forming in front of the wooden stick. The wooden stick pushes water in front of it and causes the water to accelerate forward. Therefore, waves appear. We think that the nodes we see on spouts are neither standing waves nor bow waves. The nodes are rather caused by the relatively moving wooden stick. The object, which impacted the spout (wooden stick), changed the pressure of the spout’s surface and became the source of wave. Because of the impact, the velocity of the water current of a certain area became slower than the wave velocity and causes nodes forming on the surface of the spout.

市面上可以看到多種品牌紛紛推出了以“啤酒酵母”作為號召的乳製品，標榜健康取向\r 的“啤酒酵母優酪乳”也是其中的一件，我們蒐集了關於啤酒酵母以及乳酸桿菌的文獻，打\r 算研究之間的關係，乳酸菌屬於益生菌，主要的用途是製作優酪乳，可以協助維持體內正常\r 的腸道菌相，降低血清膽固醇以及預防骨質疏鬆症(Rolfe, 2000)；啤酒酵母最主要的用途為\r 啤酒的製作，具有解決失眠、消除疲勞、改善痢疾的功效。外國的克芙爾(kefir)也是屬於含\r 有乳酸桿菌及酵母菌菌相的食品，而且也對健康有益。因此我們提出了一個問題﹕啤酒酵母\r 與乳酸桿菌的代謝產物是否有著互利的功效呢？在拋出第一個問號後我們繼續尋找資料以\r 及著手我們的實驗。在文獻中(Gaon et al.,2003；Corthier et al.,1992,1986)也曾經提及啤酒酵\r 母與乳酸桿菌對於Clostridium difficile 所引起的偽膜性腸炎的關係，所以使我們又想問兩個\r 問題：究竟Ampicillin 對於乳酸桿菌、酵母菌、C. difficile 的影響有多大？而乳酸桿菌及酵\r 母菌對於C. difficile 的影響又是什麼？

本報告的目的在：電腦Cabri 3D 軟體上模擬出「類球狀多面體」（圖1-8），\r 並實作其模型（圖9）與它們的星體（圖10）。「類球狀多面體」的定義如下：\r 可由「正多面體」切出之多面體，且需滿足以下性質：（1） 除「正多邊形」外，\r 其餘皆是「六邊形」。（2）鳥瞰每個「正多邊形」時，形狀皆保持不變。（3）\r 等長的稜數最多。\r 以「正十二面體」切出之「類球狀多面體」為例，（圖1）中兩個「正五邊形」\r 相距一個「六邊形」簡稱A1。（圖2-4）依序為A2、A3 與A5。正二十面體可切\r 得（圖5-6），正六面體可切得（圖7-8），......等。（圖9）為A2 的實體模型，\r （圖10）為A2 的星體模型。