工程學

One of the worldwide hidden problems with lack of attention is Bedsores. Simply, These are ulcers, that happen on the areas of the skin that are under pressure while lying on the bed for a prolonged time. This can be infected to anyone in the world. The common group who face these bed sores are..... •Elderly patients, •Spinal cord injury patients, •Stroke patients, •Coma patients, •People who have faced accidents Bed sores develop when the blood supply is cut off for more than 2-3 hours to the skin, (Position changing time depends on the patient's condition) The continuous pressure is the cause for that and also the temperature generated between the skin and the bed surface increases the metabolism of the tissues. When the skin temperature increases by 1°C, the risk of bed sores increases approximately 14 times. So, The skin temperature in the range of 29.4°C to 37.1°C is correlated with the tissue damage score. Not only that shearing and moisture are the other considerable factors for this problem. This infection has 4 stages. Sometimes in the 4th stage of the bed sores can cause death.

Titanium dioxide TiO2 is a semiconductor, that has great chemical and physical properties, such as remarkable resistance against corrosion, chemical stability, and it’s a non-toxic material. Due to these properties, it rises as an excellent candidate for a wide range of different applications, such as being a popular material for solar cells, paints, cosmetics, energy storge devices, and water splitting. For photoelectrochemical water splitting to generate Hydrogen, a large surface area is essential, to be maximized to enhance photocatalytic redox processes and hence improve overall efficiency. Therefore, different methods have been utilized to fabricate TiO2 nanotubular structure. However, they either encounter a difficult process because of a long synthesis time or the need of expensive precursors. In our work, we demonstrated a study of enhancing 1 D TiO2 film to perform as a bifunctional catalyst (works as cathode and anode). As it is known that TiO2 is kinetically hampered as cathode for producing hydrogen from water, this is due to sluggish electron transfer at the interface between TiO2 and water and the conduction band of the TiO2, which is more negative than H+/H2. To tackle this problem, TiO2 film should be modified. In this work, we modified the TiO2 as bifunctional by investigating different parameters in detail, like the anodic oxidation solution content, anodic oxidation time, and the role of the polyethylene glycol chain. Electrochemical characterization and SEM, and XPS were utilized to prevent the nanotubes structure and to confirm the chemical bonding as well as investigating the physical properties such as resistance and electron kinetic mobility.

本研究探討臺灣常見的鋼筋華廈、鋼筋及鋼骨大樓，透過於地下室外牆與連續壁間填入非牛頓流體、牛頓流體及輕黏土，比較建物受震時加速度，發現地下結構中設置非牛頓流體減震裝置較牛頓流體、輕黏土更減震。而模擬器搖晃20-50秒時，非牛頓流體能顯著的減震，超過50秒後，非牛頓流體可能因沉澱而減震效果下降；在100秒後，無減震裝置的建築加速度上升，非牛頓流體再次出現明顯的減震效果；不同重心的建築質量分布導致不同的擴溶現象，使減震效果發生變化；較高的建物因力臂較長，重心高時產生較大的加速度。接著觀察光穿透吉利丁凍的偏折情形，發現受力面與地震方向垂直時，牆面受力明顯；若受力面和搖晃方向不垂直，柱的部分受力大，且觀察到力量有轉移的現象。最後，為建築設計超聲波測距模組，即時監測建築下陷或傾斜情形，以利即時修繕及重建。

本研究主要目的為改變風力渦輪機的結構，將原始的單層葉片設計改為雙層葉片，當風流過第一層葉片時將產生尾流效應，使葉片後氣流產生偏轉，若將第二層葉片更具此氣流偏轉區域調整，將能有效的提升發電效率。根據實驗結果顯示，葉片後的尾流造成氣流偏轉的角度約為 15 度，因此當渦輪機的兩層葉片位於理論最高的相位夾角時，應再減去 15 度的尾流偏轉角，該夾角才為最大的發電效率配置，基於此結果所設計的渦輪機，儘管與單層葉片渦輪機具有相同的葉片數量，卻能提升發電效率約 40%，同時相關文獻指出，葉片的成本約佔整體發電機總成本之 14%，因此透過使用本研究之作法，預估可降低約 18%的成本，整體而言，本研究之設計不僅能提高風能發電效率，同時將有效的減少成本，未來具高度前瞻性。

隨著全球咖啡市場擴大，永續的咖啡生產成為必須探討的議題。咖啡生產過程中會產生大量富含蛋白質與抑菌成分的副產物和廢棄物，有潛力可做為膠膜和塗層的原料。本研究從生咖啡豆中萃取出粗蛋白質，將其與海藻酸鈉混合烘乾成膠膜，再進行抑菌與水果保鮮和水蒸氣阻隔測試。 由結果得知：咖啡豆蛋白膠膜液對大腸桿菌有抑制生長的效果。沒封膜的蘋果切片失水率 12.72%，有膠膜封口的失水率在 6.84%~8.47%，比沒封膜的失水率降低 46.5%~33.1%，顯示膠膜保水性佳，可提高保鮮效果。微波加熱試驗沒封膜的水蒸氣散失率為 2.45%，膠膜試驗組中最 低為 0.15%，比沒封膜的散失率降低 93%，顯示具有良好的水蒸氣阻隔性。 本研究結果顯示咖啡豆蛋白質膠膜有抑制大腸桿菌生長的效果和良好的氣體阻隔性，可作為可生物降解的食品包裝材料，以替代傳統保鮮膜，有助於減少環境污染。

In recent years, there has been an extreme rise in population and economic development, which requires a great demand for energy worldwide. Global energy consumption has been increasing nearly every year for over half a century [1]; it is rapidly rising in the form of nonrenewable energy, such as coal, oil, natural gas, and fossil fuel. Fossil fuel overreliance has resulted in a dramatic rise in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations.

膠原蛋白植入人體易降解，在骨組織工程有許多限制，研究用水熱法萃取魚鱗膠原蛋白， 藉GPTMS（3-環氧丙基三甲氧基矽烷）為偶聯劑，交聯四乙基矽酸酯(TEOS)提供的矽網格、魚鱗膠原蛋白、低分子殼聚醣，選擇性添加具黏性多巴胺分子增強機械強度，製備兩種海洋 來源骨組織支架-殼聚醣膠原蛋白複合支架(Collagen Chitosan, CC) 及殼聚醣膠原蛋白多巴胺 複合支架(Collagen Chitosan Dopamine, CCD)。FTIR數據顯示CC支架經GPTMS作用成功產生Si-O-Si基團，CCD樣品中有多巴胺醌化學鍵結產生。NMR結果顯示CC和CCD支架順利開環 反應，證明材料成功合成。SEM可見加入多巴胺會讓CC孔洞變小、多孔結構消失。應力應 變曲線量測結果中知機械性質增強。體外實驗得骨組織支架具良好可控降解性，實驗後一個 月降解40%，支架強度約為人軟骨1/3，無細胞毒性。可嘗試免疫調節劑添加或結合其他生物 相容性材料，擴大骨組織支架應用性。

本研究以空氣為催化劑，降低KOH在水中解離成K+及OH- 的解離能，大幅提升KOH在水中解離的效率，配合以鋁板為電極，還原H2O及OH-，釋出氫氣H2。這還原反應過程同時輸出K+及H2為電力能源。利用解離出的K+組裝成鉀離子電池，同時以解離出的氫氣運作燃料電池，組成雙輸出埠電力裝置。本雙輸出埠電力裝置，可以分別利用KOH濃度及或空氣輸入量，來調控輸出功率。KOH濃度增加或空氣輸入量增加，均可提高兩輸出埠的功率。測試時採用KOH濃度為5M，輸出電壓達0.19 mV，電流達0.166 mA。採用摻雜0.3%鉍的鋁為電極板，提升輸出電壓達0.67 mV，電流達0.199 mA。在鉀離子電池2MKOH水溶液中串聯4組電極板，電壓提升至2.9 V，電流達5A，並能成功點亮LED燈及驅動市售燃料電池。再經電路板穩壓後，電壓從2.9 V提升至5 V，適合USB充電，顯示出其作為無碳排放電力能源。

本研究主要是以晶片和織布進行結合，以電極收集訊號分析受測者的鈉濃度和汗液流量，研發長期保持潤濕和擁有穩定性的高親水性薄膜Polyacrylic acid / Cellulose nanocrystals（PAA / CNC）感測器。製備不同濃度比例的PAA / CNC光固化水凝膠，進行接觸角、FTIR圖譜、溶脹比 (Swelling Ratio)、SEM、EIS 潤濕面積分析並比較選擇出PAA /10 CNC的濃度比例作為最佳的汗液感測電極。利用CNC與PET片間貼合度強化結果，能有效提升薄膜親水性，降低電極與織布中的親疏水性差異，加強電極感測靈敏度，相較於對照組，電容值結果顯示約提升5~10倍的靈敏度。本研究開發一個靈敏且穩定即時監測汗液的薄膜，並結合藍芽應用於智慧裝置。

本研究目標在建構可以識譜及吹奏中國笛的吹笛機器人。中國笛演奏必須協調吹法及指法；藉由控制吹氣流速、吹嘴角度及六指按壓音孔的變化來控制音高以完美地吹奏樂曲，是一項複雜的演奏技術。機器人以模擬吹笛口型的吹嘴，搭配兩個風箱往復送氣到一個壓力調節風箱送氣，以微控制板控制六個機械手指來蓋放完成演奏，為在音尾可確實止氣，設計一個風門，利用風門開闔也可模仿吐音技巧讓笛聲明確發音。辨識樂譜方面收集樂譜樣本，樣本分成譜線、音符、節奏三套，透過多任務學習MTL的深度學習架構進行訓練，建構可以辨識五線四間上下三線及全音符到16分音符及休止符的樂譜辨識模型。經測試若樂譜在符合音域範圍內，可以完整的辨識，轉換成音符資料傳送給吹笛機器人吹奏。