2014年

本研究提出一個新的超通用、每邊w個端點的四邊形水分子形交換方塊(Water-Molecule-Shaped Switch Block; WMSB)架構，以應用在FPGA之多點連線（multipoint interconnection）和諸多交換網路的設計上。超通用交換方塊(HUSB)的領域中，Fan[2]提出當前唯一一個(4, w)-HUSB，但Fan’s (4, w)-HUSB所需的開關個數大約是6.3w個開關，在接下來的篇幅之中，我們將證明(4, w)-WMSB是只需6w個開關的HUSB；此外，我們還證明沒有(4, w)-HUSB可以使用小於6w個開關。本研究中還使用VPR（一種CAD）及其內建的大量標準線路以證明(4, w)-WMSB不僅是理論上最佳的亦是實用性佳的交換方塊。鑑此，(4, w)-WMSB開關效率高(switch-efficiency)的設計十分適用於其他的交換網路設計，如公共電話網路(Public Switched Telephone Network)。

本研究以設計即時監測系統(Instant Monitoring System 簡稱 I.M.S.) 為目標，利用電解質導電原理，設計LED顯示系統，即時顯示土壤與河川受到重金屬污染。 電解質水溶液，在通電發生電泳運動時，不同的離子的水溶液電阻，會呈現出振盪的特殊性，可作為離子種類的判斷條件。藉由約105筆實驗數據，作七種重金屬離子的定性比對, 可以快速的比對出不同重金屬離子的濃度與種類。本實驗的設計與使用有以下的優點 : 一、 無論樣品電阻大小均可使用。二、 利用簡易工具，可輕易檢測出廢水內離子濃度的範圍與種類。三、 可作為檢測電泳與導電性質的輔助工具。四、 操作簡便，可廣泛使用。

本研究以淡水常見之微藻進行培養，首先篩選出頂棘藻Chodatella sp.為研究對象，第二階段設計不同曝氣量及不同LED燈之佈光面積進行藻類培養比較，再以部分因素法探討微藻培養之最佳化條件；第三階段設計LED光生物反應器培養微藻，探討其可行性及微藻降解畜牧廢水營養鹽之能力。實驗結果顯示，曝氣的培養方式以及增加佈光面積有助於微藻生長，而部分因素法實驗設計結果，影響生質潛勢最重要因子為置換天數。另外，LED光生物反應器培養的微藻其生質物產率高達230.73 mg / L.d，水中的營養鹽去除率皆高達約90 %以上，藻粉油脂含量為28.77 %，脂肪酸組成顯示碳數具有C16-C18之物質，與生質柴油的組成物質相符，非常具有轉化成生質柴油的潛勢。

在一個壓克力製的長方形盒中放入兩層濃度不同的食鹽水，將一隻尖端磨平的針頭水平置放在盒中，針頭出水口恰沒入上層濃度較小的食鹽水中，針頭以橡皮管和滴定管相連，滴定管灌滿染料水溶液，打開活栓瞬間，染料在食鹽水中形成漩渦偶極子，由漩渦偶極子移動距離隨時間的變化，可求得染料作用於食鹽水的慣性力。等位線與電場實驗的電場形成盤放入兩層濃度不同的食鹽水，用兩片平行金屬板做電極，在食鹽水面上放一磁鐵，磁鐵下方滴入數滴染料，食鹽水中的離子受電力、勞侖茲力及黏滯力作用亦形成漩渦偶極子，由漩渦偶極子移動的距離隨時間的變化可求得勞侖茲力。

此報告是利用蒙地卡羅法模擬光子在組織內的行徑軌跡，並且依照生物組織成分的光學特性，了解頻譜變化。以皮膚組織為例，可分為表皮與基質，依照其成分巨觀量測到的光學參數(如：折射率、吸收、散射及非均向係數)，調整光子微觀的位置、方向和能量，藉此累加統計光子的反射、吸收及穿透狀況，解釋組織光學所觀察到光子走越深穿越遠的現象，與對應生理的巨觀的反射光譜變化。模擬數據中可看出波長越長對於病變組織反射率的變化越為敏感，與文獻中病變資料比較，可對應其提供的結果；並且我們延伸探討在紅外光的結果，此範圍的光為生物窗，其穿透深度較深，可以增加應用範圍。

癌症轉移是大部分癌症治療失敗的主因。癌症轉移涉及癌細胞不正常活化周圍蛋白水解酶並將胞外基底膜基質(ECM)降解，讓細胞得以轉移至其他器官。本研究聚焦於研發可以阻止癌細胞侵襲其他組織或轉移的藥物，並期望能以藥物控制蛋白水解酶的活性，進而達到降低癌症轉移的機會。我們發現兩種草藥萃取物(MSL-G和MSL-H)可有效地抑制肝、肺和攝護腺癌細胞的移動侵襲力。實驗結果顯示，此二草藥萃取物可有效抑制基質金屬蛋白酶(matrix metalloproteinase 2 and 9 (MMP2/9))的活性，並促進金屬蛋白酶抑制蛋白(TIMP1)的表現。因此這兩種草藥萃取物可能促使TIMP1的表現進而抑制MMP2/9的活性，或同時具抑制MMP2/9的蛋白酶活化機制，並指出此兩種萃取物具有開發為抗癌藥物之潛力，計畫將利用動物實驗進一步驗證此藥物對癌症轉移的效用。

鱸鰻(Anguilla marmorata)曾經是台灣的保育類動物，雖然於2009年解除其保育類身分，但對於其生活史目前所知仍然非常有限，相關論文也很少。本研究欲藉由鱸鰻耳石上出現的年輪、日周輪以及微量元素之分析，來重建鰻魚的生長及洄游環境史。我們利用台灣大學漁業科學研究所採自菲律賓的野生鱸鰻和海南島的養殖鱸鰻進行分析，並且和已經發表的日本鰻(A. japonica) 文獻比對，以期歸納出鱸鰻的生活史以及棲地利用的特性。本研究的耳石測量在台灣大學漁業科學研究所進行，魚類耳石鍶鈣比則利用中央研究院地球科學研究所的電子微探儀(EPMA) 進行分析。結果發現鱸鰻自海中孵化後約莫經過130天會回到陸地的淡水環境成長，這與日本鰻回到陸地鹹淡水環境成長的特性有很大差別。這項發現對今後鱸鰻保育工作的環境管理措施，具有參考價值。

生質能源是最佳的能源之一，而固體酸觸媒最能符合綠色化學，因此本研究要開發一種可以水解纖維素得到生質能的固體酸觸媒。將芳香族X與3-氯丙基三甲氧基矽烷反應，產物嫁接至中孔洞SBA-15-p上，再進行磺酸化，得到固體酸TPS-SBA-15-p，將其應用在催化酯化反應及阿斯匹靈的合成，催化效果優於已發表的固體酸觸媒。將TPS-SBA-15-p應用在催化水解纖維素，2 g纖維素與0.5 g觸媒在不鏽鋼高壓反應鍋中加熱至150°C反應7天，轉化率達75.7%，主產物為乙醯丙酸及癸烷，兩者碳數佔全部產物碳數的64%，乙醯丙酸的用途很廣，而癸烷是汽柴油的成分。另外，TPS-SBA-15-p具有兩種催化活性位置，此兩種催化活性官能基具有協同催化作用，因此很容易催化水解二噁烷(dioxane)及苯甲醚，也就具有催化水解纖維素的能力。

It is a known fact that using a cell phone while driving can lead to reckless driving. According to research done by the World Health Organisation (2011) thousands of car accidents occur worldwide, each day, due to cell phone use whilst driving. Many of these car accidents result in serious injury or death of drivers, passengers or pedestrians. According to the Automobile Association (2012), cell phones are the number one cause of traffic accidents in South Africa. The high rate of car accidents due to cell phone use has led to legislation being passed, in most countries, banning hand-held cell phone use while driving. Hands-free phone equipment is not prohibited as it is widely regarded as a safe means of making and taking a phone call while behind the wheel. The purpose of this study was to show that the act of talking on a cell phone and not the method of talking (hand-held versus hands-free) increases accident probability. This study used a Friedman Visual field analyser which measures subject’s visual fields with and without engaging in hands-free cellular conversation. The results showed a significant constriction of the visual fields when subjects were conversing on a cell phone. These results were and can be explained by the fact that the test subject experiences cognitive distraction. Cognitive distraction occurs because the driver has to divide his/her attention between the cell phone conversation and the tasks relating to driving. These results have significant ramifications for road safety in a driving environment.

My project is a robot designed to clean windows and eliminate the need for human labor. My ultimate aim for this project is to develop my robot to clean high-rise buildings as well as homes. The current version of my robot is designed to clean only house windows. The idea to invent a robot that would automatically clean windows came to me when I arrived home from school one day and found my father struggling to clean the outside of our living room windows because he suffers from back and knee pain. During my research I stumbled upon high-rise window cleaning accidents in which people have lost their lives and this gave my project greater purpose. The major challenge I faced when designing my robot was getting my robot to stick to a vertical window while maneuvering around its surface without falling off. My solution was to use vacuum technologies, suction cups and direct current motors in my design. My robot is made up of a mechanical system, an electronic system and a pneumatic system. The mechanical system consists of direct current motors that drive the two arms of the robot backward and forward through a rack and pinion enabling movement. The pneumatic system provides the vacuum that enables my robot to stick to the window and also consists of pistons that lower the suction cups onto the glass. The electronics system is made up of a microcontroller that uses transistors to control the robots various components. Some key features of my robot include the new split unit design which includes a cleaning unit and a control panel that allows for a decrease in the weight of the device, ultrasonic distance sensors for window edge detection and a self drawing cleaning progress map which the robot displays on the LCD screen on the control panel. Gauges have been added to monitor pressure and vacuum levels in the system so that the user is aware if a problem were to occur. The dual squeegee design includes a squeegee on either end of the horizontal arm which are raised and lowered at certain times while the robot maneuvers across the window to result in the most effective clean. Attached to the squeegees are microfiber cleaning pads that are used to clean the window. I plan to one day develop my robot to clean high-rise buildings so it minimizes the risk of workers losing their lives.