全國中小學科展

2014年

聚乳酸/天然纖維複合材料之研究-探討加入玉米葉纖維對機械性質之影響

本研究以玉米葉纖維做為聚乳酸纖維的補強材料,並以加入的玉米葉纖維長度為操縱變因,探討其對聚乳酸/玉米葉纖維複合材料機械性質的影響。實驗設計以純聚乳酸為對照組,以加入1mm, 2mm, 5mm, 13mm玉米葉纖維的聚乳酸複合材料為實驗組。本研究以拉伸強度和耐衝擊值來判斷機械性質的強度。 實驗數據顯示,實驗組的拉伸強度與對照組差距不大,但在耐衝擊值卻比對照組高出許多。除此之外,拉伸強度和耐衝擊值都顯示加入2mm玉米葉纖維在實驗組擁有最佳的數值。另外,加入越長的玉米葉纖維反而不會擁有較佳的機械性質。未來期待聚乳酸複合材料能夠應用在更廣的層面。

手機感測器之動作辨識與低頭族應用

低頭族發生『假性近視』、『脊椎側彎』甚至『黃斑部病變』等健康問題有越來越多的趨勢,邊走邊玩發生的意外也越來越多,因此,我們針對低頭族的健康與安全開發本作品。一、 健康方面: 撰寫「背景執行程式」,此程式完全不影響使用者玩遊戲、上網…等等,使用30分鐘後,透過「加速度感測器」檢測使用者必須做的手臂運動,完成後才可繼續使用手機,藉此『休息一下眼睛與僵化的手臂』。透過「環境光感測器」調整螢幕亮度,不讓螢幕光太強而造成眼睛更容易損傷。二、 安全方面: 「加速度感測器」與「陀螺儀」辨識出使用者邊走邊使用手機,就跳出提醒視窗暫時中斷使用者使用手機,使用者或許就會停下腳步或是抬起頭來恢復對環境的觀察能力以避免意外發生,按下「確定鈕」後,就可繼續使用。

三氮二氧五牙配位基二價鈷擬態化合物與一氧化氮之反應性探討

本研究將三氮二氧五牙配位基H2BDPP去質子化後形成BDPP2-,與二氯化鈷(CoCl2)反應後,製成二價鈷錯合物Co(BDPP) (1)。將1與FcBF4反應,製成三價鈷錯合物[Co(BDPP)(H2O)]BF4 (2),1和2的分子結構可由單晶繞射解析法、可見光-紫外光光譜儀鑑定,並利用循環伏安法量測1的還原半電位。1與一氧化氮反應會有顯著顏色變化,根據UV/vis光譜排除氧化的可能性,表示新生成一錯合物[Co(BDPP)(X)] (3)。利用傅立葉紅外線光譜儀確認此反應有新的振動頻率1615 cm-1產生,意味著在3上觀察到N=O的振動吸收峰(X = NO),推測錯合物3中一氧化氮和鈷中心金屬產生了鍵結。藉由此錯合物可鍵結或釋放一氧化氮之特性,未來可能運用在治療高血壓藥物的開發研究。

Physical Characterization of a Wide Aperture Segmented Reflector Telescope

Characterization of telescope lenses using physical optics and selection of the optimal physical parameters of a reflecting telescope’s optical units were done to improve the design, cost-efficiency, and quality of the 64-cm telescope (named Oof) housed at the National Institute of Physics. Characterization has been done through numerical modeling of the point spread function (PSF) in Python. The PSF code was based on the method of getting wave vectors by Richards and Wolf. The optimal PSF was established to be the PSF of a large monolithic mirror. The PSF of a single optical lens was compared to its counterpart segmented lenses. Through the comparison of maximum intensity, the normalized mean square error (NMSE) and the Linfoot’s criteria of correlation quality, fidelity, and relative structural content, the study has produced results which proved that highly segmented optical components produce results with less quality compared to less-segmented optical components. It was found that as the segmentation increases, the maximum intensity decreases. Higher values of maximum intensity denote higher light gathering power. The normalized mean square error of the set-ups having one to seven layers had values greater than zero but less than one. This denotes that the PSF of those set-ups are near the PSF of the optimal set-up. Higher values of correlation quality, fidelity, and relative structural content denote higher correlation, higher signal to noise ratio, higher closeness of correspondence between the optimal set-up and the segmented set-up. The number and the size of the optical components of the segmented mirror were manipulated in order to achieve a negligible difference between that of the optimal PSF and the PSF of a segmented mirror. The equivalent single lens radius in terms of maximum intensity of the current set-up of the telescope was determined to be 234.25 mm. If the optimal PSF is achieved, the physical parameters of the optical components generated may be applied to the optical components of the 64-cm telescope. The design that resulted from the study could be used in the future construction of a wide-aperture telescope, which could aid in the acquisition of knowledge about heavenly bodies.

以HHT探討311日本海嘯對台灣各港的影響

本研究以希爾伯特-黃轉換 (Hilbert Huang Transform, HHT),來分析311日本海嘯對台灣各港的水位變動影響。利用HHT將各港驗潮站資料分解成數個本質模態函數 (Intrinsic Mode Functions, IMF),從中找出天文潮和海嘯影響的IMF。將主要的天文潮及趨勢線濾除後,可清楚看出海嘯影響水位的成份,進而分析各港口海嘯波抵達時間、振幅大小和主要頻率等。由 IMF 中可發現海嘯波來臨前海水水位退潮及急升狀況。此外,東部各港呈現出較為明顯的地震前導波(P波)所引起的高頻震盪波,與地震發生時間、P波傳遞速度、海水傳遞延遲及各港水位抬升時間都大致吻合,但較海嘯波到達時間大幅提前。上述研究結果,對瞭解海嘯波特性,將有所助益。

公雄交錯-探討雄果蠅之同性求偶行為

近年來,國內外皆有科學團隊投入果蠅同性求偶行為的研究,進而發現影響求偶行為的相關基因,以及此類基因的作用機制。本研究主要探討:除了基因變異外,是否有其他因素對同性求偶造成影響。透過實驗我們發現,性成熟雄果蠅偏好對未性成熟的果蠅進行同性求偶;而曾與雌性交尾過的雄果蠅,較容易發生「試圖交尾」的行為。若加入酒精作為變因,則會催化雄果蠅進行同性求偶的頻率,其中以濃度30%的影響最為顯著。此外,在同性求偶行為中,聽覺亦扮演了重要的角色,聲波會對果蠅的同性求偶造成影響,其中低頻率聲波會使果蠅同性求偶的次數明顯降低。本研究顯示性成熟與否、求偶經驗、酒精濃度與聽覺,是除了基因變異外,探討雄果蠅同性求偶時所需考量的變因。

揮發性化合物抑制水稻去白化的分子機制

植物受逆境時常釋出VOCs (Volatile organic compounds)。本研究首度發現一種VOC-月桂烯(myrcene)可抑制水稻芽鞘之去白化現象(de-etiolation)。我們分別在螢光顯微鏡與穿透式電子顯微鏡(TEM)觀察水稻芽鞘,發現葉綠素分布與葉綠體分化均被月桂烯所抑制。研究發現水稻在月桂烯處理下去白化現象受抑制,是因葉綠素合成相關基因ACSF被抑制所致。同時有一些參與光合作用光反應、 碳反應基因表現也有受影響。月桂烯影響光合作用相關基因,有三種不同類型:一、黑暗下基因產物幾乎不表現,照光後才累積,累積量受月桂烯抑制,如RCA、 ISP、G3PD;二、在暗處下基因產物之累積就被月桂烯大量抑制,如ACSF,ATPS;三、黑暗下基因產物之累積受月桂烯抑制,同時月桂烯抑制照光後光誘發基因累積速率,如FNR。由基因產物累積量推測轉錄因子MYB-TF1參與月桂烯抑制去白化現象,且推測RCA、ISP、G3PD為其下游基因。我們進一步分析轉譯後修飾,在磷酸蛋白分析中,我們發現月桂烯會抑制35 kD 的phosphoprotein (pp35) 之去磷酸化,這暗示pp35可能參與月桂烯抑制水稻去白化現象。VOCs含天然毒素,可抑制附近植物生長,可為天然農藥。

Relationship between sexual deprived Drosophila, NPF, and the following behaviors

研究指出,公果蠅在求偶的過程中若被母果蠅拒絕,腦中的神經傳導蛋白NPF(neuropeptide F)會隨之下降,並提升其對酒精食物的攝取量。 我們的研究結果顯示求偶被拒的公果蠅是在「攝食酒精」後才對酒精成癮,而非在求偶被拒之後馬上去攝食酒精。而且,「求偶被拒」的公果蠅除了飲酒行為,也會提升其再求偶慾望。另外,我們利用Gal4-UAS系統調控了公果蠅腦中NPF神經的活性,發現公果蠅的NPF神經活性被抑制時,會出現與求偶被拒的公果蠅類似的行為。 最後,我們使用了NPF的螢光蛋白的抗體來標定NPF神經活性被激發以及抑制時腦中NPF的含量變化。透過這個結果,我們可以確定腦中NPF量的變化可以控制公果蠅對酒精的趨性、求偶慾望以及對酒精的攝食量。

Reuse Waste and Save the World by Production Fiber Reinforced 'CB' made from Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB)

At present Malaysia is the largest exporter of palm oil in the international market. In the process of extraction of palm oil from oil palm fruit, biomass materials such as palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) and palm pressed fibre (PPF) are generated as waste products. Natural fibres reinforced cement-based materials have gain increasing application in residential housing components. One of the natural fibres considered is oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) fibres which offer advantages such as availability, renewability, low cost and the established technology to extract the fibres. This study investigates the properties of cement board incorporated with large amount of oil palm EFB fibres Among the tests conducted was compressive strength, density, water absorption and thickness swelling tests. It was found that high EFB fibres content lead to lower strength and higher absorption . The results also indicate that high EFB fibres contents reduced the self-weight of the blocks and the resulting blocks can be classified as lightweight cement blocks suitable to be used as lightweight walling materials. Our research is to study the production of cement board using Empty fruit bunch(EFB)These board were made from empty fruit bunch, cement and water. Two chemical are added is aluminium sulphate and sodium silicate. Cement : EFB mixture by weight was 2.5:1, 2.75:1 and 3.0:1 used to produces a cement board.

利用I.M.S.即時顯示系統建立資料庫,在重金屬污染監測上之應用

本研究以設計即時監測系統(Instant Monitoring System 簡稱 I.M.S.) 為目標,利用電解質導電原理,設計LED顯示系統,即時顯示土壤與河川受到重金屬污染。 電解質水溶液,在通電發生電泳運動時,不同的離子的水溶液電阻,會呈現出振盪的特殊性,可作為離子種類的判斷條件。藉由約105筆實驗數據,作七種重金屬離子的定性比對, 可以快速的比對出不同重金屬離子的濃度與種類。本實驗的設計與使用有以下的優點 : 一、 無論樣品電阻大小均可使用。二、 利用簡易工具,可輕易檢測出廢水內離子濃度的範圍與種類。三、 可作為檢測電泳與導電性質的輔助工具。四、 操作簡便,可廣泛使用。