2008年

我們的研究重心是設計簡便的裝置來檢測生活周邊的用水 · 利用生物對於環境污染的生理特徵、活動力、忍受極限 … 等變化，作觀察、實驗之後，將紀錄結果分析、做成表格，進而形成明確、簡易的指標，以供給一般人更容易的了解用水的品質。本實驗不必使用昂貴的儀器來檢測河水與用水，成本低廉的水生生物為本實驗的最佳選擇 · 可於任何地點完成，作為大及化的檢測方法，本實驗參考水樣急性檢測方法一水蚤靜水式，以水蚤在不同眾屬離子、酸鹼值溶液中的實驗結果，用以做為分析水質的標準，佐證我們生活圈附近的水質現況。Our point of study is design the simple and convenient device to measure the water with peripheral life. Utilize the living beings to the physiological characteristic , energy of the environmental pollution, stand limit. Wait for and change, after making observation , experiment. noting down the result will be analysed , make into the form , and then form the clear , simple and easy index , in order to supply common people with the quality of easier understanding water. This experiment needn’t use the expensive instrument to measure river and water . the best choice of the experiment that the cost is based on living beings cheap aquatically. Can finish in any place , as the popular detection method. This experiment consults the acute detection method of water sample — Water flea’s quiet ability of swimming. with the experimental result in different metal and ion sour soda value solution of water flea, use the standard taking making as water quality of analysis, prove the present situation of water quality of adjacent place of our life range.

在日常生活中，靜電無所不在，但是在一般的情況下，我們所能觀察到的靜電現象，卻是少之又少。偶然經過冷氣機，冷氣機的水滴滴答答的滴出，吵雜的水聲，這些水滴是否能被利用?又將應用在哪一方面?引發我們的興趣，偶然間發現的凱氏滴水器，也許能解答我們的疑惑，進而促成此次的科展研究。

本研究以b04課程中的巴斯卡三角形為研究對象，將原先巴斯卡以「1」為首、「+」為運算符號的規律三角形，改為以「-1」及「ω 」為首、「×」為運算符號，分別就其產生的新三角形作探討，發現其中似乎隱藏著原先三角形所沒有的規律性。為了更瞭解這種規律，藉由電腦軟體繪出其圖形，圖形顯示出如碎形般的複製關係，不論放大或縮小，其中的遞迴關係並未改變，頗令人好奇，因此著手研究。研究過程中對於圖形的規律性採用先臆測、接著歸納、最後給予證明的方式呈現。得到以下的結論：一、分別以數列呈現新三角形圖形的規律性。二、分別將新三角形中每一列中的某數字（如-1、ω 或ω 2 ）的個數予以通式表之。三、分別推算出新三角形第n 列第j 行的數是「1」或「?1」及「1」或「ω 」或「ω 2 」。四、相同的模式，在特定的圖形範圍中，不斷重複出現。許多研究將巴斯卡三角形中的所有數，以某數為模的餘數紀錄下，去探討其餘數在新產生的巴斯卡三角形中的分布情形；而在碎形的研究中，大部份著重如何畫出碎形。本研究著重圖形其規律性的探討，提供上述研究不同角度的詮釋與探討。 This research subject is based on Pascal’ s triangle in senior high school curriculum. The regular triangle begins with「1」and use「+」as operation. Let 「1」 be replaced with「-1」and「ω 」, the operation sign「+」be changed into「×」. I do research on the new triangle and discover the seemingly hidden regularity which doesn’t exist in the original one. To understand more about this regularity, I draw figures through the computer. The figures show the relationship of reproduction as fractal. Whether the figure is enlarged or minimized, it’s surprising curious the recursive relationship doesn’t change, so we begin to work on research. In the process of the research, we make careful observations, assumptions and deductions about the regularity of the figure. Finally, we come to some conclusions by means of giving proofs:（1）Present the regularity of the new triangle figure with progression.（2） Present such numbers as「-1」, 「ω 」, 「ω 2 」 in each row of the new triangle with formulas separately. （3）Figure out the number in the row n and in the column j of the new triangle is「1」or「-1」,and「1」or「ω 」or「ω 2 」. （4）The same model appears again and again in the specific range of figure. Many researches record Pascal’s triangle modulo certain number to explore the distribution of remainders in the new triangle. In the research of fractal, how to draw fractal is mostly focused on. The exploration of this research emphasizes the regularity of figure, offering the interpretation and exploration of researches above from different angles.

In this research, we investigated the interactions between goldfish’ (Carassius auratus) sensory experiences (electric shock, high osmotic pressure and colors). We separated the sensory experiences into two parts. One of them, we used different kinds of environmental color-models to analyze goldfish’s environmental preference behavior and different kinds of stress experience(electric shock and high osmotic pressure) to build the animal model of environmental preference behavior. We found that goldfish prefer brown-colored environment (compared with white) and different stress has different effects on fish’s environmental preference behavior. It proves that fish has the ability to learn and memorize the stress experience and shows that there are complicated interactions among environmental stimulus, memories of stress and behaviors caused by different kinds of stress. Also, we investigated the interactions between spatial memory and color distinction. We measured the duration of goldfish getting through the color-marked barriers driven by regular electric shock. We found that goldfish spend less time to get through color-marked barriers than those unmarked. It shows that there are some interactions between spatial memory and color distinction. In conclusion, the research proves that different sensory experiences can affect goldfish’s behaviors.本實驗利用感官經驗(電擊、高滲透壓、色彩)，探討與朱文錦(Carassius auratus)行為調控的交互作用。我們將感官經驗分成兩模式：利用環境色彩特徵的差異，探討不同逆境刺激經驗(施予電擊或高滲透壓環境)，與魚類環境偏好行為的交互作用，建立朱文錦環境偏好行為之動物模式。我們發現朱文錦偏好土色環境(相對於白色環境)，而不同性質的逆境經驗，對魚類的環境偏好行為具有不同的影響，顯示魚類具有記憶逆境環境的學習能力，且證明「環境刺激—經驗(記憶)—行為表現」三者之間具複雜的交互作用。另外，我們亦探討空間記憶與色彩辨識的交互作用，利用規律的電擊刺激使朱文錦通過有色彩標示的關卡，以研究色彩差異與空間變化對朱文錦通過關卡能力的影響。我們發現色彩的標示可降低通過關卡的時間，且不同的色彩具不同程度的效果，顯示空間記憶與色彩辨識具交互作用。本實驗證明了不同的感官經驗或刺激，對朱文錦的行為調控具質與量的差異。

DNA感測器近年來蓬勃發展,應用層面包括基因工程,醫學及藥物的開發等,然而目前較常使用的感測方法,需要繁瑣耗時的標定過程,且所使用的化學藥劑對環境容易造成傷害,鑒於以上方法的不完善處,我們決定設計一套新的感測系統,此研究結合了氮化鎵奈米線(GaN Nanowires)及延伸場效電晶體(EGFET)的優點,成功的發展出創新的DNA感測系統,氮化鎵奈米線的高生物匹配性及高感測面積,能有效提高靈敏度,延伸式場效電晶體的設計,史感測器具由免標定及時感測的特性,且易於組裝及操作,我們將探針DNA(probe DNA)修是在氮化鎵奈米線作為之延伸閘極上,由於DNA在中性水溶液中帶負電,且DNA之間具有強烈的互補特性,因此當目標DNA(target DNA)與探針DNA接合,形成雙股DNA,氮化鎵奈米線(閘極)的表面電位即會有所變化,並造成FET特性的改變,藉由此性質及能成功感測DNA,研究結果顯示,此研究所發展出的DNA感測器,愈有相當高的靈敏度(10-18),相較於其他以FET技術所設計出的DNA感測器,靈敏度提升了三個數量極,此外此感測器亦具有高選擇性,即使單一鹼基對的突變也能成功辨別;-hybridization based detection techniques are widely developed due to their promising applications in genetics, medicine and drug discovery. However, current DNA detection techniques based on labels or reagents are time-consuming, environmentally-harmful and complex to implement. In this study, we have successfully demonstrated a label-free extended-gate-field-effect-transistor (EGFET) sensor utilizing a GaN-nanowires electrode with DNA probes immobilized, capable of specific DNA sequence identification. The principle behind the design is based on the change in surface potential and charge transfer after hybridization. GaN nanowires, being bio-compatible, provide direct transfer path and high surface area, thus offer an unprecedented opportunity of DNA sensing with high sensitivity. In addition, our EGFET design facilitates easy assembly and operation of DNA detection. Comparative studies on complementary and non-complementary DNA were performed to verify the specificity of the sensor. By adapting GaN nanowires structure, the assay time of DNA was shorten to within thirty minutes. Moreover, our sensor displayed an ultra-high sensitivity in the level of attoM: three orders of magnitude higher in resolution than that of other FET-based DNA detection methods.

Smoothened (SMO) is a critical component of Hedgehog (HH) pathway that is essential for stem cell renewal and is dysregulated in many cancer types. SMO is a seven transmembrane domain protein with three intracellular loops. Primary structures of SMO intracellular loops are unique and very much conserved among the species, which is indicative of significant and unique roles in intermolecular or intramolecular interactions. The hypothesis was that synthetic analogs of SMO intracellular loops may function as HH pathway inhibitors. Derivatives of second intracellular loop were synthesized utilizing automated solid phase peptide synthesis based on Fmoc chemistry. Peptides were purified by HPLC and there anti-proliferative activity tested on melanoma cells by MTT assay. Targeted libraries of second loop derivatives of varying length helped to identify compounds that inhibited the growth of melanoma cells in vitro with IC50 in nanomolar range. The most potent of antagonists obtained is the palmitoyl derivative of the Nterminal half of the loop, and is 12 residues long. Lipidation proved to be critical for the activity. Remarkably, retro-inverso versions of the peptide, in which all amino acids are in D-configuration, are even more potent and have IC50 in subnanomolar range. Circular dichroism studies proved that the peptides are folded both in aqueous solutions and in the presence of lipids mimicking the membrane environment. They also suggested that retroinverso analogs have a different fold, which may contribute to higher activity. The new compounds are promising drug candidates and present convenient tools for solving the\r mechanisms of hedgehog signaling.

大安水蓑衣（Hygrophila pogonocalyx）為局限分佈於臺中縣沿海溼地之稀有植物。大量境外復育栽殖後，造成近年來黑擬蛺蝶(Junonia iphita iphita)利用此種新寄主植物的比例增加。本實驗比較黑擬蛺蝶在原寄主植物臺灣馬藍(Strobilanthes formosanus)及新寄主植物大安水蓑衣上之生長環境遮蔽度、幼蟲生長發育、雌蝶產卵偏好的差異，探討大安水蓑衣復育對黑擬蛺蝶族群可能造成的影響。實驗結果發現利用大安水蓑衣之幼蟲生長發育較佳、羽化後成蟲體型較大、有效積溫常數較低。雌蝶產卵行為可能存在兩種偏好性，且子代雌蝶對寄主植物的偏好性與親代一致，不受幼蟲期取食植物影響。偏好新寄主植物之雌蝶其子代的生長發育，利用新寄主植物者顯著較利用原寄主植物者佳，顯示其對原寄主植物的適應顯著下降。本研究認為大安水蓑衣的復育結果，造成黑擬蛺蝶族群在可能共域的情況下，因為利用新的寄主植物可能已產生初步分化的現象。Hypgrophila pogonocalyx is a rare plant species which is distributed in wetlands along seashore of Taichung County. Recently, I found that the common butterfly Junonia iphita iphita recognized H. pogonocalyx as a new hostplant because of the restoration practices of H. pogonocalyx. We compared the differences of forest overstory coverage, larval growth performance and female oviposition preference between J. iphita iphita individuals exploiting the H. pogonocalyx and those utilizing the original hostplant Strobilanthes formosanus. Possible effects on J. iphita iphita by restoration of H. pogonocalyx are analyzed and discussed. It turns out that better growing performance and longer adult forewing length were found on the larvae feeding on H. pogonocalyx than those on the S. formosanus. Besides, the larvae feeding on H. pogonocalyx demonstrated lower constant value of effective accumulated temperature, suggesting that the new host may provide more energy to the larvae than the original host does. Two types of female oviposition preference seem to exist. No matter which hostplant the larvae fed on, the female adults still maintained the oviposition preference of the parental generation. Offspring of H. pogonocalyx-preferring female had better performance on this new hostplant. Our studies showed that the restoration of H. pogonocalyx might have caused primary differentiation of J. iphita iphita by using new hostplant in sympatry with the original hostplant.

In the last two decades, there has been increased interest in the utility of quantum scale semiconductors. These fluorescent single crystals can be as small as 1 nm in diameter, and their size and shape has been shown to be controlled by the duration, temperature, and ligand molecules used in their synthesis. Quantum dots, provide clear benefits over the organic dyes currently used for tracking biological processes. Yet, as the production of quantum dots is often very costly, the search continues for finding an industry-ready synthesis for a quantum scale semiconductor which would have high yield, optimal durability, high luminescence, and a broad absorbance range. Silicon, in particular, has been of great interest as it is the second most abundant element on the Earth’s crust and is generally a bioinert and electrochemically stable element. We report the synthesis of water-soluble, luminescent silicon nanoparticles with potential applications to bioimaging. Through a solution state top-down approach, the synthesis of hydrogen capped silicon nanoparticles was achieved in various organic solvents. The surface of the nanoparticles was capped with the functional organic molecules rendering the Si-QDs both air and water stable. Cell studies performed with our silicon nanoparticles and human monocytes show the direct applications these particles could have for tracking biological processes and the progression of cancer in the human body. In attempt to shift the luminescence of these particles, alterations of experimental methodology was also explored in the areas of reaction solvent and heating time. Through these changes, shape control of silicon nanoparticles was achieved in the form of silicon nanorods. The synthesis of this new shape of silicon at the quantum scale was confirmed by ultraviolet spectroscopy, photoluminescence, and transmission electron microscopy. The results of this study indicate that the use of silicon nanocrystals for biomedical applications is feasible.

In recent years, the price of the oil keeps rising continuously. As a result, the prices of the commodities are rising, too. But what does this mean? This situation stands for the resources on are becoming more and more valuable. A few months ago, I read a Weekly Business Magazine and a Scientist Magazine. They both pointed out that the resources such as oil would disappear after fifty years, and that was a horrible phenomenon. Since almost everything in our modern lives are related to oil, like automobile, motorcycle and air plane. They all need oil for its ingredient. Even plastic bag plays a part in the products of it. I really cannot imagine what it would be like if we don’t have oil after fifty years. Owing to the green house effect is becoming more severe, there are many substitution resources found, such as hydraulic power, wind power and solar energy…etc. What we’re discussing in our topic is how to enhance the power of solar energy, because for now, we all know that the solar module is very expensive and it cost a great deal of money just only one square meter, but the price of module converted from sunlight or heat energy can’t be higher. Therefore, the work is mainly to design and carry out a solar max power point track. 近年來，油價不斷的上漲，連帶著民生的物價漲幅也是越來越可觀，但…這意味著什麼 呢??這所代表的是地球上的資源可以說是越來越珍貴了，前陣子曾經看過商業週刊、科學人 雜誌…他們紛紛所指石油這種能源可能在五十年後就消失殆盡，這個可是非常可怕的結果。 鑑於溫室效應愈趨嚴重，許多的替代能源紛紛出籠，像是風力、水力和太陽能等等。我們這 次的主題是在討論如何提高太陽能效率，現在的太陽能模組我們都曉得非常的昂貴，但是由 太陽轉化成電能的效率卻是低的可以。所以本作品主要目的在於設計與實現一個太陽能最大 功率追蹤器。

The starting point of this experiment is to study the structure of soap-film. By changing the height of the triangular prisms, cuboids and pentagonal prisms, I observed the patterns set by the soap within the frameworks. It is surprised that when the proportion of prism is in a specific range, the phase in the middle of the structure will overturn 90 degree and then transmitted into another kind of balance pattern. I named this process “phase transition”. According to the experiment ,we can conclude the change of film patterns within variable prisms are all applied to this regular cycle:： We know the soap films are forever attempting to minimize their energy. It stands to reason that surface tension tend to set up the film in its minimal surface. From the point of Mathematic, each structure should have only one single balance pattern, which is set up on the base of Fermat point and this pattern should stand to the minimize of it’s energy. However, we discovered that in some specific cases, one structure can allowed two kinds of balance films-patterns to exist. In these cases, any small vibration can cause the happening of “phase transition”. To sum up, I presume some structures have two different types of balance film-patterns: one of which stands to the local minimum (in this condition the pattern’s surface area isn’t the smallest); the other stands to the absolute minimum (in this condition the pattern’s surface area is the smallest). There is an energy valley separate local minimum from absolute minimum. The second pattern (local minimum) will appear when the structure is blocked from attaining its absolute minimum, but surface intention is not powerful enough to support the film jumping over the energy valley. In this condition, if we works on the structure (such as blowing), which would provide the film of energy to cross the valley, and then phase transition take place. Vice versa, we can also force the film to jump from absolute minimum to local minimum and phase transition will occur as well. In a word, phase transition can happen in each two way, which connects the two types of balance pattern. This report lays stress to find out the condition of phase transition. We also analyze the structure of soap-film by its included angles and surface area in hope to go deep into the science of soap-film. 我們實驗的出發點在於研究泡膜的立體結構。藉由改變正立方柱的高，觀察其平衡薄膜形式，意外的發現當正立方柱的邊長比在某個範圍時，泡膜結構中央會瞬間90 度翻轉，形成另一種平衡型式，我們將這個過程命名為面轉變(Phase Transition)。為了進一步了解面轉變發生的相關因素，我們設計了一連串的實驗，針對正三角柱、正四角柱、正五角柱、正六角柱發生面轉變的時機和條件分析討論。此外，我們還分析了泡膜結構中膜與膜夾角的特性、最小表面積和表面能之間的相關性，對於泡膜的立體結構做了一系列深入的探討。