由Brocard Point 發現幾何不等式
本研究報告以Brocard Point 為核心，所用到的性質均先證明，以確認其正確性，並推演出一些其他的性質，藉由這些性質導出幾何不等式。內容可概分為四部份：(1)以Brocard Angle 及已知的或推演出的基本性質，導出一些不等式。(2)結合「法格乃諾問題」、「費馬點」、「尤拉公式」導出幾個幾何不等式。尤其是三角形邊長與面積，外接、內切圓半徑與邊長間的不等關係，頗為有趣。(3)以向量為工具，分別計算內、重、垂心與Brocard Point 間的距離，並導出邊長的不等關係。其中由內心及重心所導出的不等式，清楚俐落；垂心所導出的不等式則較為複雜。(4)以Brocard Cirle 與內、重心間的關係，導出一系列的不等式。其中Weitgenberk 不等式的無意發現，令我們印象深刻。The Discovery of Geometry Inequalities by Brocard Point This paper takes Brocard Point as a core. We proved some properties about Brocard geometry to confirm its accuracy, and deduce some other properties, and then derive some geometry inequalities by these properties. The content may divide into four parts: a) Derives geometry inequality by Brocard Angle, Crux Mathematicorum and properties which known or deduced. b) Unifies "Fagnano problem", "Fermat Point", "Euler formula" to derive several geometry inequalities. In particular the inequalities between triangle area and length of side, or circumradius inradius and the length of side, is quite interesting. c) Derives geometry inequalities about length of sides in triangle by the distances between incenter centroid circumcenter and Brocard Point. Especially, these inequalities were elegant which derived by incenter and centroid, but it was complicated derived by orthocenter. d) According to the relation about incenter centroid and Brocard Circle derives a series of inequalities. Discover Weitgenberk inequality makes us excited.
本土藥材金銀花的研究與分析
本實驗以薄膜色層層析（TLC）、高效能液相層析（HPLC）分析等化學方法，進行金銀花品種差異的鑑識；此外，配合生藥學的顯微鏡檢視，如中藥材組織鏡檢、藥材粉末鏡檢等比對，以期找出辨別金銀花品種的方法。研究至目前為止，由金銀花之薄膜色層分析的Rf值（0.225、0.425、0.7、0.85、0.95）可確認出金銀花藥材，並得知金銀花藥材中皆含有綠原酸的成分；以高效能液相層析的圖譜與成分峰的積分面積可用來判別金銀花的品種，並從質譜分析瞭解成分含量；進行生藥學的藥材粉末組織鏡檢，發現無法作為金銀花藥材的分類憑藉。未來將持續延伸實驗，朝向中藥奈米化與一般粉末在藥效、成分上差異的比較，並進行金銀花萃取液的抗菌作用試驗，瞭解不同品種之金銀花藥材在藥理作用的異同，接續著奈米化藥材的應用與實踐。Using thin layer chromatograph (TLC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), we can study how to differentiate the species variation of honeysuckle; beside, based on the observation of biopharmaceutical microscope, such as comparing the histology of Chinese herbs and its powder, we suggest that we could differentiate the species of honeysuckle. From the present, firstly, we could distinguish the honeysuckle from other herbs by the Rf value of TLC(0.225, 0.425, 0.7, 0.85, 0.95), from which we find that all honeysuckles contain the component of Chlorogenic acid. Secondly, we could tell the species of honeysuckle according to the map of HPLC and the peak area after integration, as well as the integrants of honeysuckle by way of LC-Mass analysis. Thirdly, while studying the histological analysis based on the observation of biopharmaceutical microscope, we found that it shows no difference between all the honeysuckles; thus, it fails to be a scientific method used to distinguish the herb honeysuckle. However, in the biochemical experiments of honeysuckles, we found honeysuckles from different sources and the place of origin shows difference in their antibiotic effect, showing the importance of local medicine. When it comes to my future work, in order to extend my experiments on honeysuckles, I would compare the nano-scale honeysuckle powder with normal-sized one in their clinical effects and components.
整合型水族養殖系統研究與開發
本研究主要的目的是在開發二氧化碳製造、過濾與循環的整合型水族養殖系統。二氧化碳的產製是以基於發酵原理，並搭配具有純化二氧化碳作用的水濾裝置，發酵環境溫度以水族箱內的水來維持，循環過程中並搭配外部過濾器，所有容器均由保特瓶改裝完成，整合成一套價廉、環保且具有高效率的水族養殖系統。由實驗結果可得知，二砂糖發酵對於二氧化碳產生率而言，其最佳發酵環境溫度範圍25℃~35℃，一般水族箱的水溫即可保持在此一溫度範圍。過濾系統則使用光電比色計與一般市售過濾器相比較，亦有令人滿意的效果。本實驗除了研究以二砂糖發酵之外，還希望更進一步地朝向廚餘減量方面開發其他發酵材料，希望能為環保盡一份心力。;The purpose of this study is to develop an integrated system of aquatic breeding with the functions of producing carbon dioxide, filtering and circulating, where carbon dioxide is produced based on fermentative theorem and purified by the water filtering; the environmental temperature of fermentation is maintained by the water in the aquarium and circulating is through an external filter. All the containers are made of PET bottles and thus integrated a cheap, environmentally friendly and high efficient system of aquatic breeding. According to the experimental result, for the producing rate of carbon dioxide, the best fermentative temperature of NO.2 granulated sugar is 25℃~35℃. With a photocell colorimeter to compare the function of the self-made filter with that of the filters on the market, one can find it’s comparable. In addition to the fermentation of NO.2 granulated sugar, the study is also expected to develop other fermentative materials to reduce kitchen waste for environmental protection.
抑制水果黑色素形成之新理論及研發美白保養品之新概念
PPO 是一種含銅的多酚氧化? (E. C. 1. 14. 18. 1)，主要是將酚類 (phenol) 氧化成二酚類(diphenol)，更近一步的變成quinones，後者是一種不溶於水的褐色聚合物，在植物中造成褐化最主要原因，然而在人類皮膚則產生黑色素 (melanin)。我們提出有一種揮發性的抑制劑存在動植物體內，此種抑制劑會抑制生物體內PPO 的活性。植物在收成後，揮發性的抑制劑逐漸消失，導致內生性的PPO 活性逐漸上升，因此植物便會產生深褐色的斑點。在本研究中，我們以玉蘭花作為例子，以生化酵素動力實驗、部分純化黑色素抑制劑來解釋揮發性抑制劑在植物體內的存在及其作用，更進一步對水果快速褐化提出一種新的理論。研究發現PPO 的褐化反應就像是人體內酪氨酸? (tyrosinase) 的催化反應，酪氨酸?可以使人體產生黑色素而累積在皮膚上形成黑斑，利用〝人工皮膚〞模擬揮發性黑色素抑制物的作用，證明，防止PPO 抑制劑之揮發可能在未來美白保養品工業裡扮演一極具潛力的角色。Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) or tyrosinase (E.C. 1.14.18.1) is an important and ubiquitous enzyme responsible for browning in plants and melanization in animals. PPO is a copper-containing enzyme that catalyzes the chain-oxidation from monophenol or polyphenols to o-diphenols and subsequent o-quinones. The resulting quinones are large wate-insoluble polymers with dark brown color. We proposed that volatile inhibitors are associated with the plant PPO and block the PPO activity in vivo. While post-harvesting the volatile inhibitors evaporate, the endogenous PPO is then activated and therefore instantly produces dark quinone pigment. In the present study using magnolia flowers as an example, we show the presence of a potent volatile inhibitor(s) for PPO in plant. The novel finding clarifies the mechanism involved in the browning phenomenon of post-harvesting for most fruits. Since the PPO is also know present in human as tyrosinase responsible for the formation of “darkening spots” on skin, the finding of evaporation of potent PPO inhibitor may be potentially used as a strategy in developing a novel cosmetic product.
Dioscorin 對塵?造成氣管上皮細胞傷害的保護性之研究
古籍上記載山藥益肺氣，養肺陰，且最近研究報告發現山藥含有珍貴的dioscorin，其為山藥貯存養分的重要蛋白質，有抑制胰蛋白水解?之活性。而塵?糞便、屍體中的消化蛋白?會破壞呼吸道上皮細胞緊密連接處引起過敏氣喘反應。我對此甚感興趣，進而利用山藥的萃取蛋白dioscorin、塵?粗萃取蛋白及呼吸道上皮癌細胞A549，藉細胞培養、免疫螢光染色、螢光顯微攝影來實驗山藥是否真能保護上皮細胞緊密連接處。再利用膠體電泳、西方墨點法中抗體的高專一性、二抗的高靈敏度來確知我之前的實驗。另外也用ELISA 來實驗dioscorin或塵?引起A549 發炎的情況是如何。由實驗得知，dioscorin 可抑制及預防塵?引起的過敏氣喘反應；而經由ELISA 實驗發現，dioscorin 對於塵?刺激A549分泌發炎物質Eotaxin 並沒有助長或是降低的效果。It was believed that Chinese yam have benefits in treating asthma. Recently, it was found that the valuable dioscorin can be isolated from Chinese yam. The major function of dioscorin is nutrition-storage, however, it also have activities in inhibiting trypsin-like protease. This inhibitory activities trigger my interests. Because the major allergens, mites, and their stool may destroy the tight junctions of airway epithelium cells through their trypsin-protease activities. I therefore carry out an in vitro study to identify whether dioscorin can be used in protecting epithelium from the attack of mites. My results showed that dioscorin can protect the tight junctions of A549 cells from the attack of mite crude extract protein. I believed that dioscorin can be a good candidate in pharmacology application. The genetic and proteomic information are my further focus. On the other hand, we also investigated the possible activity of dioscorin in inhibiting mites-induced inflammation through using A549 as a model and employing ELISA. We found dioscorin neither inhibited nor enhanced the eotaxin being secreted from A549 under the stimulation of mites.
氣泡在黏滯性液體中的運動
本研究目的在探索不同大小之氣泡在不同黏滯性液體中運動情形。實驗結果發現大氣泡向上運動的速度較大，其下方會漸漸向內凹。並且觀察到氣泡間結合時的相互作用：氣泡在相同黏滯性膠水中上升時，若下方氣泡體積較大，其較快的速率會使距離縮短。此時小氣泡的下半向內凹，大氣泡的下半則向外呈現流線型尖端並且在接近小氣泡時速率增加，最後與小氣泡結合。若上方氣泡體積很小，與下方大氣泡的距離縮短至相互貼合，小氣泡會先停留在大氣泡的上半表面，再沿大氣泡表面下滑至大氣泡的下半才與大氣泡結合。This research traces the motions of bubble with different volume in viscid liquid. The experimental results show that the bigger bubble rises at faster speed. The shape of the small bubble is round. As the volume of the bubble increases, it turns hamburger-like. And if the bubble is big enough, its underside would be concaved. In viscid liquid, the speed of the bubble is not smooth but waved. The smaller the bubble is, the more the variation in speed is. The interaction of two bubbles is also studied. There are two types of the combination of two bubbles. While the big one closes to the small one, it is accelerated. The underside of the small one becomes concave. And the big one becomes streamline shape. If the difference in volume between two bubbles is significant, the small one slides along the surface of the big one, and goes into the concave beneath it, then combines with it.