2004年

The World Trade Center in New York City was collapsed after attacked by the terrorist. Although the design of this building did not consider the attack by the terrorist, however, this event also exposed the weakness of a high-rise building. This study is aimed at examining the cause of the collapse of the World Trade Center. A series of experimental studies was carried out to examine the strength of steel material under elevated temperature. Experimental studies were also performed on model steel frames under fire to simulate the situation of World Trade Center under fire. It is found that the strength of steel structure decayed under fire event. The upper stories lost its support from the floor that was subjected to fire load and the collapse of the floor under fire induced impact load from the upper stories. Progressive failure occurred on the subsequent floors due to the impact from the upper stories. This phenomenon was also observed in the experimental study of the model frame tests. This study has successful reproduced the failure mode of the World Trade Center in New York City. 紐約世界貿易中心大樓在遭遇恐怖份子攻擊後倒塌，雖然大樓之設計可能並未考慮恐怖份子的攻擊，但此次事件亦暴露超高層大樓的脆弱，本研究乃探討紐約世貿大樓破壞之原因，研究過程中首先以一系列之試驗探討鋼鐵材料在高溫下之行為，尤其是高溫對鋼材強度之影響。其次並進行鋼骨模型骨架受火燒之破壞試驗，發現在高溫燒烤下鋼骨軟化而失去承載能力，而無法承載上方樓層之重量，上方樓層倒塌後往下形成一衝擊力，並造成往下連續之衝擊，最後導致整體結構倒塌，模型結構試驗亦證實世貿大樓之破壞模式

Generally speaking in order for a exotic plant life to dominate over the local ecology, the following factors must hold true: 1. A close proximity of the environment (including geographical and climatic factors) 2. A lack of nature enemy and competitor 3. A strong reproductive and adaptability capacity. Base on the above factors, We will be using Field Observation record, Sample placement, virtual environment factor experiment and other methods to conducing our investigation. This study shown the African Touch-Me-Not（Impatiens wallerana） has a strong reproductive and adaptability capacity. Even under adverse condition the African Touch-Me-Not survive for a period of time. It can produce flowers then fruits all year round, within each fruit there is on average 45 seeds with, under the right condition, near 100% germination rate. It can also reproduce asexually via cutting. Taiwan’s warm and humid geographical condition is similar to its origin of Africa. And so far haven’t found any obvious natural enemy. In the future this plant will be likely to spread on the low to mid. level mountain region. It also can be seen that the divergence within its habitat is low. Therefore it will decrease the variety, the density and the diversification of the local eco-system. Here to advise the government’s forestry and agriculture department, to study the relevant ecological information on this species, when they are considering popularization this plant. Using the information to evaluate the impact of this plant may have on the environment, and use it as a guideline for their plant conservation policy. 一般而言，外來植物入侵本地原生植群成功的條件有：一、相似的環境（包括地理、氣候等因素）。二、缺乏天敵及競爭對手。三、旺盛的繁殖力和適應力。針對上述條件，利用野外觀察記錄、樣區設置及模擬環境因子實驗等方法，來探討非洲大鳳仙未來是否會在臺灣蔓延、擴展進而影響本土的生態系。結果顯示非洲大鳳仙有旺盛的繁殖力和適應力，?使在不利的環境下，短時間不會死亡。一年四季皆可開花結果，每粒果實平均有四十五粒種子。環境適宜時，有接近百分之百的萌發率，亦可用莖進行無性繁殖。另外，臺灣溫暖多雨的地理環境亦與其原產地非洲相似，且未發現明顯天敵，未來極有可能在中低海拔山區蔓延。調查也發現它生長的地區岐異度明顯偏低，使其他植物種類、密度減少，生物多樣性降低。因此建議政府、森林、園藝和農業工作人員在推廣時，多吸取相關物種的生態學資訊，評估其對環境可能造成之影響，以作為植物保育之重要參考。

電風扇在炙熱的夏日中為冷器以外不可或缺的生活用品。一個典型的電風扇是由架在可調高度鐵柱上的馬達及風扇構成。現行傳統電風扇有幾個缺點，一、馬達風扇(即重心)位置高，有易傾覆的缺點。二、風力分散，風速不高。三、吹出不可調室溫溫度的風。四、外觀呆板，傳統無奇。五、多噪音等。本研究根據這幾點傳統電風扇缺點，試著設計新的電風扇。首先將柱子移除使重心降至接近地面處。接著根據連續方程式(continuity equationρ1A1V1 ＝ρ2A2V2)製作圓錐狀「號角」裝置套於電風扇上以集中風力並減少噪音。最後企圖使用熱電半導體的致冷器降低輸出風的溫度。研究結果發現號角裝置有效達到預期的集中風力增加範圍目的。不幸發現以熱電半導體降溫的方式效率低且耗損過多能量所以可行性較低。雖然沒有降溫功能，本電風扇仍較傳統電風扇多出許多好處，例如加強的安全性、集中的風和強大擴充性。號角裝置可包含空氣清淨甚至音箱功能充當喇叭。Electric fans are a necessity during summer, especially in a hot and humid place such as Taiwan. A typical electric fan is primarily composed of an electric motor with fans mounted on a strut with user adjustable elevations. This setup presents several problems, including (a) the danger of an accidental tip-over due to the fan's elevated weight center (the heavy motor), (b) high wind dispersal rates, (c) room temperature winds, (d) excessive noise and (e) old, antiquated exterior appearance. This particular study attempts to alleviate all these problems. First the weight center is lowered to ground level by removing the entire strut and placing the motor close to the floor. Next by using calculations from the continuity equation(continuity equationρ1A1V1 ＝ρ2A2V2)a cone shaped “horn” device is placed over the fan in order to concentrate the wind, effectively increasing its speed while decreasing the audible noise level. Finally, an attempt was made to lower the temperature of the air in the interior of the horn by the placement of a thermoelectric semi-conductor cooling device. Our results were that the horn device worked, significantly lowered the wind dispersal rate and achieved an important objective. However, the thermoelectric cooling solution proved to be highly inefficient unless accompanied by precise wind speeds. Even without the cooling function, this new electric fan still has many distinct advantages over traditional fans such as improved safety, concentrated winds and high expandability. For instance, filters can be integrated to purify air, even an audio speaker can be made into the form of this fan.

本實驗是以實際探勘的地質及泉水資料和文獻為基礎，對於幾個可能造成冷泉降溫的原因(岩石種類、泉水pH值、流通氣體之壓力、流速)進行實驗。我們製作了一個模擬地下泉水流動的實驗管路，此管路並可同時觀察紀錄氣壓、氣體流速，以及實驗前後模擬管路的溫度變化。透過對實驗管路的熱容量校正，我們可以找出各變因對泉水降溫的關係，以建立出一個模型，期望可套用於實際冷泉的狀況，進而推論出更多冷泉的性質。This experiment uses data and bibliography from real exploration as bases to find the possibilities of why the cool spring drops in temperature. (Mineral types, spring water's pH value, air flow pressure, and movement flow.) We created a model of underground spring water for the simulation. From this model, we could observe the air pressure, movement, and the spring's change of temperature before and after the tests. By adjusting the thermal capacity in the model, we could find the direct cause of the spring's temperature drop. And hopefully be able to adopt this model to the realistic problem, increase the effort of analyzing the natural cool spring's properties.

氫是一種非常理想的能源。不僅效率極高，且不會造成環境污染。空氣中的含量極少，常用的電解水方式又效果不彰。我們利用Ag、Ru、Cu 、C-CuPu、C 等數種電極，與H2SO4、 H3PO4 、HNO3 電解液，分別在10V 雙電極與-0.8V 三電極下做電解水實驗，研究何種電極與何種電解液能得到最多的氫氣量。在低電壓下找出最好的電極，液與太陽能電池結合，成為電池中的一部份，讓發電效果更好，以利未來燃料電池H is a kind of great power.It is not only effective,but also no environment pollution .Owing to the H in the air is very little,so it is not easy to take .Addition to,we often to take it by electro liquid,but the electrolysis effect is not ideal. Except Ag、Ru、Cu、C-CuPt、C and so on ,in theH2SO4、 H3PO4 、HNO3 electro liquid,we have a experiment in the 10V dual electrode and -0.8V triple electrode to study which electrode and which electro liquid to get the most of H.Under the low voltage,we can fund the best electrode.It is easy to bind with solar energy battery,andit can be a part of battery.Besides, it makes the generator effect better,and it is convenient to make the fuel cell commercialize in the future.

Tea is the most widely accepted and consumed beverage worldwide due to its characteristic aroma and taste. Recent studies have provided the strong scientific basis for understanding the health promoting effects and cancer preventive actions of tea. The components of tea especial the catechins are varied with the conditions of making tea. To understand and determine the chemical composition of tea is very important. Some investigations of the parameters on the storage and making of tea were carried on in this study. The kinds of tea studied were including black tea, oolong tea, green tea, and instant tea bags. A high performance liquid chromatograph combined with UV detector and mass spectrometer used to analyze the components of tea. The results showed that the composition of tea solution is dependant of the exposure of light. One of the components of tea, (-)-epicatechin methylgallate (ECMG) was oxidized to quino form. The concentrations of (-)-catechin gallate (ECG) decreased and one of new compound (M.W. 442) produced with increasing the storage time. From the results show tea made with cold water is better than that made with hot water. The ingredients in green tea were changed faster than those in fermentative black tea and oolong tea. The components of tea can be kept unchanged for a long time at low temperature. In refrigerator, the time can be extended to overnight. 茶由於其具有特殊的芳香氣味及口味，廣泛地被世人用為飲料，近年來的研究證據顯示茶具有促進身體健康和防癌功效，但茶中成分之變化，尤其兒茶素隨茶的種類、茶沖泡保存方式及置放時間而有所不同，因此對於茶中成分及沖泡方式的認知是一門重要的課題。 本實驗主要是探討茶沖泡時間及貯存條件，對於茶液所含兒茶素變化的影響，探討的茶包含紅茶、烏龍茶、綠茶及其茶包。並使用質譜儀及高效能液相層析質譜儀配備紫外光偵測器分析茶液中之成分，實驗結果顯示成分變化速率以未發酵的綠茶較發酵的紅茶和烏龍茶快；低溫儲存時，亦可延緩茶液成分的變化，例如加蓋並存放於冰箱，則茶置放至隔夜其成分均未改變；同時結果顯示成分產生變化者，主要為兒茶素氧化，如將多酚類氫氧基經氧化變成?（quino） ，其次為斷裂再產生聚合其中綠茶以不照光變化較大。本研究並經實驗發現如果以冷開水沖泡綠茶20~30分鐘，咖啡因的溶出量雖略多於沖泡2分鐘的熱茶，但各種兒茶素的溶出量卻遠高之，尤其置放至隔夜茶液成分仍無氧化現象。

Video compression is indispensable to web streaming and memory storage.Most video\r compression technology has difficulty to achieve high quality video at lower bit\r rates.Apparently,limited transmission bandwidth and network resources often degrade\r video signals.Thus the goal of my research was to enhance video degrade video\r signals.Thus the goal of my research was to enhance video compression performance and\r to improve visual quality.It is hypothesized that the reduction in neighboring pixels\r coding,and humans perceptual mechanisms(psychovisual)redundancy could produce a\r low-complexity geometry streams for animated visual objects.A set of algorithms is\r developed to parse bidirectional interpolation pixels into their characteristic cells,which\r vary in spectral energy and wavelength.The bits contained in these cells are vectorized and\r transformed recursively to identify lower correlations among vector arrarys for blocks\r filtering.DCT function calculates energy ratios between high spatial frequency and low\r spatial frequency,to devote most of the highest spatial frequency bits with the calculated\r energy ratios.A variable quantization method is used to measure the sensitivity of colors\r and its intensity ratios to restore any missing high spatial frequency pixels.presnted in\r mathematical intrinsic.This approach leads to the ability to compress video data that\r normally require a large amount of memory to store and high bandwidth to\r transmit,Results form the enhanced video compression experiment have attained\r 0.1bpp(256kbps,25fps)without noticeable effects comparable to the video compression\r technique that achieved 0.5bpp(1.5Mbps,25fps)in use today.

動脈硬化是個致病率和致死率相當高的慢性發炎疾病，為台灣十大死因之一。在病理過程中血中濃度過高的膽固醇為動脈硬化的一大危險因子，其會誘發一連串的發炎反應驅使血管壁內皮細胞功能喪失，血壓上升，平滑肌細胞增生等。Statin 是臨床上十分有效的降血脂藥物，雖然其作用機制已知在於抑制膽固醇合成酵素 HMG-CoA reductase 而有降血脂功效，但近年來探討 statin 在抗發炎方面的作用也漸受重視。nitric oxide synthase (NOS) 代謝產物如 nitric oxide (NO)，cyclooxygenase (COX) 代謝產物如 prostaglandin (PGE?、PGI?)，及 heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) 代謝產物如 carbon monoxide (CO)，均有文獻指出可以改善血流，而可能在動脈硬化上扮演保護角色。相反的，matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 的表現會誘使更多的免疫細胞浸潤到血管壁，並增加動脈硬化斑破裂，引起栓塞和中風的發生。在此實驗中，我們利用培養的大鼠主動脈血管平滑肌細胞作為研究材料，發現了 statin (lovastatin 、pravastatin、atorvastatin 、fluvastatin) 具有一些和降血脂無關的直接保護血管壁能力。包括會增加 interleukin-1β (IL-1β) 所誘導 iNOS 蛋白的表現及NO 的產生; statin 本身會增加 COX-2 和 HO-1 蛋白的表現及 PGE? 和PGI? 的產生，及抑制 MMP-2 和 MMP-9 蛋白活性的表現。此外分析調控 iNOS 基因轉錄最為關鍵的基因轉錄因子 NF-κB，發現適量的 statin 會增加 IL-1β 活化NF-κB 的作用。值得一提的是雖然適量 NO 有維持血管恆定的功能，過量時則會造成血壓過低休克的現象，這就是細菌感染後因內毒素 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 作用引發敗血性休克的主要原因之一。為更進一步釐清 statin 是否會影響受細菌感染病人的生命危險，我們也探討 statin 對LPS 作用的影響。結果發現 statin 反而會抑制 LPS 誘導大量 iNOS 蛋白的表現，NO 的產生及 NF-κB 的活化。這些新的實驗結果提供更多證據支持 statin 可以藉由維持血管舒張，減緩血管壁的發炎反應，穩定動脈硬化斑的作用，以有效控制動脈硬化各個病程的進展。這發現能讓我們更透徹明白 statin 的作用，且對將來研發 statin 在心血管疾病方面新的臨床治療用途是有所助益的。 ;The 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl (HMG)-CoA reductase inhibitors, statins, are potent inhibitors of cholesterol synthesis and have wide therapeutic use in cardiovascular diseases. Recent evidence, however, suggests that the beneficial effects of statins may extend beyond their action on serum cholesterol levels. In this study, we investigated the effects of lovastatin, pravastatin, atorvastatin, and fluvastatin on cultured rat vascular smooth muscle cells. We found statins can inhibit LPS-induced iNOS expression and NO production, while they can potentiate IL-1β-elicited responses. Moreover, statins themselves can stimulate COX-2 expression, PGE?, PGI? formation, and HO-1 induction. In contrast, statins can inhibit basal and IL-1β-induced enzyme activities of MMP-9 and MMP-2. In studying the activity of NF-κB, which plays an important role for iNOS gene induction, we found that statin can increase IL-1β-induced NF-κB activity, while inhibit that induced by LPS. All these results suggest that stimulation of iNOS expression in the presence of IL-1β, togeth1er with the increased COX-2 and HO-1 expression might contribute to the beneficial effects of statins in atherosclerotic process in terms of vasodilation and inhibition of smooth muscle cell proliferation. The inhibition of MMP activity might enhance plaque stability and reduce the development of atherosclerosis. All these results strengthen the pleiotropic actions of statins in anti-inflammation and anti-atherosclerosis.

This project is a research to find out if prawn pond sludge can be used as a fertilizer . This because so far there is no beneficial use of these prawn pond sludge from over 154,000 hectares of water pond culture in Sarawak . The objectives of this project were to determine if this sludge can be combined with topsoilito produce an eco-friendly and effective fertilizer for plants and to investigate what combination of sludge and top soil is the best for plant growth . It was found that sludge has high nutrient contents such as nitrogen , phosphorus , sulphur , potassium , calcium , magnesium and iron . The effectiveness of sludge as a fertilizer was investigated by growing water spinach or “kangkong” (Ipomoea aquatica) in 5 different mixture of sludge and topsoil for 3 weeks . After the third weeks , the results showed that the combination of 30% sludge and 70% topsoil produced the best results in terms of height of plant , survival , number of leaves , stem thickness and average plant weight as compared to the other combination of 0%：100% , 50%：50% , 70%：30% and 100%：0% sludge top soil ratio . Therefore , prawn ponds sludge has a great potential to be process to become a fertilizer .

在「植物的秘密生命」這本書中提到植物在電場或磁場中會生長的更好，我最近正好學到了電磁場如何產生，以及一些產生電磁場的方法，所以本研究即利用螺形管線圈來產生均勻的電磁場，並用運用安培右手定則來控制磁場產生的方向，來探討電磁場在不同條件下對實驗植物－綠豆生長的影響。本實驗使用銅質線圈纏繞鐵碗的方式，且通入不同大小電流來改變磁場的強度，以探討對實驗植物－綠豆生長的影響。本研究所得到的結果顯示：(1)綠豆在通入電流50mA 時所產生的電磁場可促使綠豆達到最好的生長效果；(2)栽培綠豆環境中所架設的電磁場較高，可使綠豆表現出較為明顯的生長速率；(3)促進綠豆的生長並不需要二十四小時都通入電流；(4)綠豆在N 極朝上的電磁場中生長的速率較S 極朝上的磁場中要快；(5)在較低溫度環境中，電磁場促進綠豆生長的效應較為顯著。;It has been mentioned that the plants will grow faster in the electronic or magnetic field in the book of “the secret life of plants”, I learned about the knowledge and methods of how to produce the electromagnetic field just now, I use the screw wire to produce electromagnetic field and control the direction by the Amplifier’s rule to investigate the growing speed of green beans under electromagnetic field in those different temperature. In this experiment, I use the wire to screwed around the ironed bowl, and make different electric current to generate different strength of electromagnetic field, the results indicate that (1) The faster growing speed will only exist in some strength of electromagnetic field, (2) The higher ironed bowls that full of screwed wire will result in the faster growing speed, (3) It will not need electromagnetic field all days, (4) The green beans will grow fast in those north magnetic pole than those in south magnetic pole, (5)The effect of electromagnetic field to increase growing speed will be significant in higher room temperature.